Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理的研究

利用第一性原理的局域密度近似（LDA）方法, 对Zn2GeO4, Mn2+掺杂Zn2GeO4,Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4的光电性质进行了理论研究。结果表明,Mn2+、Mn4+掺杂可以提高Zn2GeO4的载流子浓度,从而改善Zn2GeO4的导电性。Mn2+离子的掺杂导致Zn2GeO4对光的吸收由紫外区域扩展到可见光区域, Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂促进Zn2GeO4晶体对可见光的吸收能力大幅增加,因此Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4可以用于制备高效率的光催化剂和发光材料。     

Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理的研究

利用第一性原理的局域密度近似（LDA）方法, 对Zn2GeO4, Mn2+掺杂Zn2GeO4，Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4的光电性质进行了理论研究。结果表明，Mn2+、Mn4+掺杂可以提高Zn2GeO4的载流子浓度，从而改善Zn2GeO4的导电性。Mn2+离子的掺杂导致Zn2GeO4对光的吸收由紫外区域扩展到可见光区域， Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂促进Zn2GeO4晶体对可见光的吸收能力大幅增加，因此Mn2+、Mn4+共掺杂Zn2GeO4可以用于制备高效率的光催化剂和发光材料。     

Hybrid improper ferroelectricity: a mechanism for controllable polarization-magnetization coupling

First-principles calculations are presented for the layered perovskite Ca3Mn2O7. The results reveal a rich set of coupled structural, magnetic, and polar domains in which oxygen octahedron rotations induce ferroelectricity, magnetoelectricity, and weak ferromagnetism. The key point is that the rotation distortion is a combination of two nonpolar modes with different symmetries. We use the term "hybrid" improper ferroelectricity to describe this phenomenon and discuss how control over magnetism is achieved through these functional antiferrodistortive octahedron rotations.     

Displacement-type ferroelectricity with off-center magnetic ions in perovskite Sr(1-x)Ba(x)MnO3

We report a ferroelectric transition driven by the off-centering of magnetic Mn(4+) ions in antiferromagnetic Mott insulators Sr(1-x)Ba(x)MnO(3) with a perovskite structure. As x increases, the perovskite lattice shows the typical soft-mode dynamics, as revealed by the momentum-resolved inelastic x-ray scattering and far-infrared spectroscopy, and the ferroelectricity shows up for x ≥ 0.45. The observed polarization is comparable to that for a prototypical ferroelectric BaTiO(3). We further demonstrate that the magnetic order suppresses the ferroelectric lattice dilation by ～70% and increases the soft-phonon energy by ～50%, indicating the largest magnetoelectric effects yet attained.     

Suppression of ferroelectricity and quantum fluctuations in Ru-doped TbMnO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

We investigate the effects of Ru-doping in polycrystalline TbMn_1−x Ru _x O₃ (x≤0.10) on the multiferroicity. It is observed that the Ru substitution gradually melts away the dielectric anomaly at the ferroelectric transition point and the ferroelectricity by suppressing the polarization, accompanied with a surprising low-temperature dielectric plateau. While it is reasonable to observe the significant suppression of ferroelectricity, owing to the fact that the Ru-doping disrupts the Mn spiral spin ordering and reduces the Mn–Mn spin angle, quantum fluctuations associated with the Ru substitution, responsible for the low-temperature dielectric plateau, seems to be significant.     

Coupled magnetic cycloids in multiferroic TbMnO3 and Eu3/4Y1/4MnO3

Based on the detailed Mn L(2,3)-edge x-ray resonant scattering results, we report a new complexity in the magnetic order of multiferroic orthomangnites, which has been considered as the simple A-type cycloid order inducing ferroelectricity. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction involved in the orthorhombic distortion brings on F-type canting from the A type, and the ordering type becomes the off-phase synchronized bc cycloid in TbMnO(3) or the tilted antiphase ab cycloid in Eu(3/4)Y(1/4)MnO(3). The F-type canting is responsible for the magnetic field-driven multiferroicity to weak ferromagnetism transition.     

Ferroelectricity in an ising chain magnet

We report discovery of collinear-magnetism-driven ferroelectricity in the Ising chain magnet Ca3Co2-xMn(x)O6 (x approximately 0.96). Neutron diffraction shows that Co2+ and Mn4+ ions alternating along the chains exhibit an up-up-down-down ( upward arrow upward arrow downward arrow downward arrow) magnetic order. The ferroelectricity results from the inversion symmetry breaking in the upward arrow upward arrow downward arrow downward arrow spin chain with an alternating charge order. Unlike in spiral magnetoelectrics where antisymmetric exchange coupling is active, the symmetry breaking in Ca3(Co,Mn)2O6 occurs through exchange striction associated with symmetric superexchange.     

Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and polarization orders

Multiferroics, defined for those multifunctional materials in which two or more kinds of fundamental ferroicities coexist, have become one of the hottest topics of condensed matter physics and materials science in recent years. The coexistence of several order parameters in multiferroics brings out novel physical phenomena and offers possibilities for new device functions. The revival of research activities on multiferroics is evidenced by some novel discoveries and concepts, both experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we outline some of the progressive milestones in this stimulating field, especially for those single-phase multiferroics where magnetism and ferroelectricity coexist. First, we highlight the physical concepts of multiferroicity and the current challenges to integrate the magnetism and ferroelectricity into a single-phase system. Subsequently, we summarize various strategies used to combine the two types of order. Special attention is paid to three novel mechanisms for multiferroicity generation: (1) the ferroelectricity induced by the spin orders such as spiral and E-phase antiferromagnetic spin orders, which break the spatial inversion symmetry; (2) the ferroelectricity originating from the charge-ordered states; and (3) the ferrotoroidic system. Then, we address the elementary excitations such as electromagnons, and the application potentials of multiferroics. Finally, open questions and future research opportunities are proposed.     

Symmetry determination of commensurate and incommensurate phases of K2SeO4 by EPR

From a reinterpretation of EPR results on γ-irradiated K₂SeO₄ crystals, previously reported by Aiki et al., the space group symmetry for commensurate (ferroelectric) phase of K₂SeO₄ is determined to be Pna2₁. The EPR results support the modulation of polarization as the reason for disappearance of ferroelectricity in incommensurate phase.     

Domains and domain walls in multiferroics

Multiferroics are gathering solid-state matter in which several types of orders are simultaneously allowed, as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism (or antiferromagnetism), ferroelasticity, or ferrotoroidicity. Among all, the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic couple is the most intensively studied because of potential applications in novel low-power magnetoelectric devices. Switching of one order thanks to the other necessarily proceeds via the nucleation and growth of coupled domains. This review is an introduction to the basics of ferroelectric/ferromagnetic domain formation and to the recent microscopy techniques devoted to domains imaging, providing new insights into the archetypal multiferroic domain morphologies. Some relevant examples are also given to illustrate some of the unexpected properties of domain walls, as well as the way these domain walls can be manipulated altogether thanks to various types of magnetoelectric coupling.     

Multiferroicity induced by dislocated spin-density waves

We uncover a new pathway towards multiferroicity, showing how magnetism can drive ferroelectricity without relying on inversion symmetry breaking of the magnetic ordering. Our free-energy analysis demonstrates that any commensurate spin-density-wave ordering with a phase dislocation, even if it is collinear, gives rise to an electric polarization. Because of the dislocation, the electronic and magnetic inversion centers do not coincide, which turns out to be a sufficient condition for multiferroic coupling. The novel mechanism explains the formation of multiferroic phases at the magnetic commensurability transitions, such as the ones observed in YMn(2)O(5) and related compounds. We predict that in these multiferroics an oscillating electrical polarization is concomitant with the uniform polarization. On the basis of our theory, we put forward new types of magnetic materials that are potentially ferroelectric.     

Ferroelectricity generated by spin-orbit and spin-lattice couplings in multiferroic DyMnO3

While the ferroelectricity in type-II multiferroic rare-earth manganites is believed to be generated by the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction (spin-orbit coupling) associated with the Mn spiral spin order, recent results revealed the strong spin-lattice coupling arising from the Dy-Mn spin interaction in DyMnO₃, which may also be an ingredient contributing to the ferroelectricity. In this work, we summarize our recent experiments on this issue by performing a series of rare-earth site nonmagnetic Y and magnetic Ho substitutions at Dy site for DyMnO₃. It is demonstrated that the Dy-Mn spin interaction contributes to the ferroelectric polarization through the symmetric exchange striction mechanism (spin-lattice coupling). A coexistence of the spin-orbit coupling and spin-lattice coupling in one compound is confirmed. At the same time, the independent Dy antiferromagnetic spin order at low temperature can be effectively suppressed by the substitutions, beneficial to the polarization enhancement.     

Multiferroic properties of nanocrystalline BaTiO3

Some of the Multiferroics [H. Schmid, Ferroelectrics 162 (1994) 317] form a rare class of materials that exhibit magneto–electric coupling arising from the coexistence of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, with potential for many technological applications [J.F. Scott, Nat. Mater. 6 (2007) 256; N.A. Spaldin, M. Fiebig, Science 309 (2005) 391]. Over the last decade, an active research on multiferroics has resulted in the identification of a few routes that lead to multiferroicity in bulk materials [C. Ederer, N.A. Spaldin, Nat. Mater. 3 (2004) 849; D.V. Efremov, J. van den Brink, D.I. Khomskii, Nat. Mater. 3 (2004) 853; N. Hur, S. Park, P.A. Sharma, J.S. Ahn, S. Guha, S.W. Cheong, Nature 429 (2004) 392]. While ferroelectricity in a classic ferroelectric such as BaTiO₃ is expected to diminish with the reducing particle size, [C.H. Ahn, K.M. Rabe, J.M. Triscone, Science 303 (2004) 488; J. Junquera, P. Ghosez, Nature 422 (2003) 506] ferromagnetism cannot occur in its bulk form [N.A. Hill, J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 6694]. Here, we use a combination of experiment and first-principles simulations to demonstrate that multiferroic nature emerges in intermediate size nanocrystalline BaTiO₃, ferromagnetism arising from the oxygen vacancies at the surface and ferroelectricity from the core. A strong coupling between a surface polar phonon and spin is shown to result in a magnetocapacitance effect observed at room temperature, which can open up possibilities of new electro–magneto-mechanical devices at the nano-scale.     

The coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in Mn-doped BaTiO3 thin films

Due to the fault of the first author, this article entitled “The coexistence of ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in Mn-doped BaTiO3 thin films”, published in “Chinese Physics B”, 2011,Vol.20, Issue 12, Article No. 127701, has been found to copy from the article entitled“Decisive role of oxygen vacancy in ferroelectric versus ferromagnetic Mn-doped BaTiO3 thin films”, published in “Journal of Applied Physics”, 2011,Vol.109, Issue 8, article No. 084105. So the above article in “Chinese Physics B” has been withdrawn from the publication.<     

低维铁电材料研究进展

铁电材料是一类重要的功能材料,铁电元件的小型化、集成化是当今铁电材料发展的一大趋势.但是尺寸效应、表面效应等的存在制约了传统块体铁电材料在纳米尺度下的应用,因而低维度纳米材料中的铁电性能研究成为当前材料科学领域的研究热点之一.本文综述了近年来理论和实验上关于低维铁电材料的探索,包括二维范德瓦耳斯层状铁电材料、共价功能化低维铁电材料、低维钙钛矿材料、外界调控以及二维"铁电金属"等材料的理论预言与实验铁电性的观测;也提出一些物理新机制来解释低维下的铁电性;最后对该领域今后的发展进行了展望.     

室温稳定的二维铁电材料：CuInS2P6 及其异质结构

二维铁电材料有助于实现半导体性质与非易失存储特性在微纳尺度上的有机结合,在高集成化电子器件、光电器件、能量收集、及机电耦合系统等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。二维铁电材料的层状结构,保证了原子层间的可剥离性,为从理论和实验上探索超薄极限下的铁电性质提供理想的研究平台。考虑到二维磁性研究的低温瓶颈,二维铁电材料为实现铁性功能材料的高温器件化与实用化提供了新途径。在本文中,我们介绍了一种室温稳定的二维铁电材料：铜铟硫代磷酸盐(CuInP2S6)。该材料体系的科学内涵和应用前景,引发了新的研究热潮。在本文中,关于其较高的铁电居里转变温度、显著的压电响应、巨大的负纵向压电系数、可调谐的四重势阱铁电特性、以及基于该材料及其异质结构的器件研究,均有所涉及。我们还简要介绍了几种过渡金属硫代磷酸盐化合物材料体系(M^IM^IIIP2(S/Se)6)中的其他代表性材料。最后,我们关于二维铁电材料研究的未来发展方向进行了讨论。     

(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4∶Mn~(2+)的荧光以及长余辉发光性能

采用高温固相法制备了一系列(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4∶Mn~(2+)(0≤x≤0.25)绿色荧光粉,并研究了Mg离子对(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4∶Mn~(2+)的结构、荧光以及长余辉发光性能的影响。Mg离子取代Zn进入Zn_2GeO_4晶格,形成(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4固溶体,并产生了晶格畸变。光谱分析结果表明,样品中位于533 nm的绿色荧光源于Mn~(2+)的~4T_1(~4G)→~6A_1(~6S)跃迁。随着Mg离子浓度的增加,(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4∶Mn~(2+)样品的激发光谱出现了蓝移现象,说明Mg离子进入到Zn_2GeO_4晶格中对其晶格结构产生了影响,导致(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4的带宽发生改变。发射光谱则表明Mg离子进入Zn_2GeO_4晶格引起Mn~(2+)的~4T_1(~4G)→~6A_1(~6S)跃迁绿色荧光发光强度的增强。Zn_2GeO_4基质中的氧空位缺陷陷阱深度由于基质带宽的变化而变深,样品具有良好的长余辉发光效果。通过热释光谱分析研究了材料中缺陷陷阱的特征,进一步证实了(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4中缺陷陷阱深度发生改变。根据光谱分析结果给出了(Zn_(1-x),Mg_x)_2GeO_4∶Mn~(2+)中荧光与余辉发光的产生机理。     

Structural, magnetic and electronic structure studies of Mn doped TiO2 thin films

We report structural, magnetic and electronic structure study of Mn doped TiO₂ thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition method. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), dc magnetization, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements. XRD results indicate that films exhibit single phase nature with rutile structure and exclude the secondary phase related to Mn metal cluster or any oxide phase of Mn. Magnetization studies reveal that both the films (3% and 5% Mn doped TiO₂) exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and saturation magnetization increases with increase in concentration of Mn doping. The spectral features of XMCD at Mn L_3,2 edge show that Mn²⁺ ions contribute to the ferromagnetism. NEXAFS spectra measured at O K edge show a strong hybridization between Mn, Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals. NEXAFS spectra measured at Mn and Ti L_3,2 edge show that Mn exist in +2 valence state, whereas, Ti is in +4 state in Mn doped TiO₂ films.     

Chemical manipulation of high-T(C) ferromagnetism in ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors

We report the use of targeted p- and n-type chemical perturbations to manipulate high-T(C) ferromagnetism in Mn(2+):ZnO and Co(2+):ZnO in predictable and reproducible ways. We demonstrate a clear correlation between nitrogen and high-T(C) ferromagnetism for Mn(2+):ZnO and an inverse correlation for Co(2+):ZnO, both as predicted by recent theoretical models. These chemical perturbations reveal rich possibilities for exerting external control over high-T(C) spin ordering in diluted magnetic semiconductors.     

Biferroic electro – acoustic ceramics with $\mbox{\sffamily\bfseries BiFeO}_{\hbox{\sffamily\bfseries\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont 3}}$ composition

Bismuth ferrite, one of a few multiferroics, has attracted much attention for many decades since 1960. BiFeO₃ (BFO) belongs to perovskite class of complex oxides. BFO is one of only a few materials in which (anti)ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity coexis in room temperature. Authors prepared BiFeO₃ ceramics by solid state reaction method. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis were investigated. The microstructure of the BFO ceramics was investigated by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the ferroelectric characteristic of BFO ceramics was demonstrated. BFO is very interesting ceramic material for potential applications in the memory devices, sensors, satellite communications, optical filters and smart devices.