The Efimov effect in a four-body system

It is shown, using a Born-Oppenheimer model, that the four-body Efimov effect may occur in a system consisting of three identical heavy particles and one light particle, if the light-heavy interaction leads to a zeroenergy two-heavy-one-light bound state.     

Efimov physics in cold atoms

Atoms with a large scattering length have universal low-energy properties that do not depend on the details of their structure or their interactions at short distances. In the 2-atom sector, the universal properties are familiar and depend only on the scattering length. In the 3-atom sector for identical bosons, the universal properties include the existence of a sequence of shallow triatomic molecules called Efimov trimers and log-periodic dependence of scattering observables on the energy and the scattering length. In this review, we summarize the universal results that are currently known. We also summarize the experimental information that is currently available with an emphasis on 3-atom loss processes.     

Efimov physics beyond universality

We report the characteristics of cavity polaritons in a CuBr microcavity consisting of a λ/2-thick CuBr active layer and HfO₂/SiO₂ distributed Bragg reflectors: λ corresponds to an effective resonant wavelength of the lowest-lying exciton. The excitonic system of a CuBr crystal has three kinds of excitons labeled Z_f, Z_1,2, and Z₃ in which the Z_f exciton originates from a triplet state. We have investigated the dispersion relations of the cavity polaritons in the CuBr microcavity with the use of angle-resolved reflectance spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate the formation of four cavity-polariton branches due to the strong coupling between the Z_f, Z_1,2, and Z₃ excitons and cavity photon. The cavity-polariton dispersions were well analyzed with a phenomenological Hamiltonian for the strong coupling. The evaluated Rabi-splitting energies are 28, 95, and 74 meV for the Z_f, Z_1,2, and Z₃ excitons, respectively. These Rabi-splitting energies reflect the magnitudes of the oscillator strengths of the relevant excitons. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the cavity polaritons are fully stable at room temperature. We discuss the temperature dependence of the cavity-polariton energies and detuning, comparing with that of the bare exciton.     

Alternative paths to observing Efimov physics

We present some of our work on the ultracold behavior of three-body collisions and their relation to the recent experiment (Kraemer [1]). In particular, we discuss the role of Efimov physics in this experiment and other ultracold three-body collisions. We also suggest one way to make observation of the key feature of the Efimov effect – geometrical scaling – more experimentally feasible.     

Many-body systems and the Efimov effect

We employ a Birman-Schwinger type analysis to derive estimates on the number of bound-states of certainN-body systems with threshold-energy =inf _ess(H) supposed to be zero. For many-body systems without any substructure we show that eigenvalues of the Schrödinger operatorH absorbed at =0 are in the point-spectrum ofH. Furthermore we characterize a multiparticle equivalent of the Efimov effect.     

Bose-Einstein condensates and Efimov states in trapped many-boson systems

We investigate trapped cold Bose gases using the stochastic variational approach with realistic attractive finite-range two-body interactions. We study the properties of the Bose-Einstein condensates, particularly in the large scattering-length regime, and establish the existence of meta-stable many-body Efimov states.     

三体系统中的Efimov态(英文)

通过求解Faddeev方程, 研究了量子三体系统中的Efimov效应。 改进了变分方法对于求解激发态的不足。 在不同的两体作用下得到了三体系统中的Efimov态。 讨论了在不同质量比的三体系统中出现Efimov态的条件。 并由三体计算的结果分析了具有两个价中子的核系统在两体存在束缚态时可能存在的Efimov效应。We studied the Efimov effect in a three body system by solving the Faddeev equations. Different models and interactions were considered. The occurrence of Efimov states was discussed. The possible Efimov state was clearly presented and its properties were investigated.     

A combined system for generating a uniform magnetic field and its application in the investigation of Efimov physics

We propose a scheme to produce a uniform magnetic field with a system comprising a pair of coils and an atom chip.After optimizing the parameters of the chip wires, we improve the homogeneity of the magnetic field by two orders of magnitude. We exhibit that this method can be applied in the investigation of Efimov physics in ~(87)Rb-~(40)K mixture.     

关联电子体系中的轨道物理

轨道自由度为凝聚态关联电子材料带来丰富多彩的新量子相的同时也导致了复杂性,对理解强关联电子体系的本质带来了挑战。文章系统地介绍了多轨道关联电子体系的各种物理性质。首先简要地介绍了轨道自由度在过渡金属氧化物和稀土化合物中的重要作用和轨道序的物理图象;其次论述了轨道极化、轨道序及其与晶格畸变的联系;然后讨论了轨道序的理论研究及其在实验上的可能探测;接着介绍了多轨道体系中的金属—绝缘体相变和多轨道超导电性的新特征;最后简短讨论了目前轨道物理研究中面临的问题和挑战。     

系统生物学中的物理问题

在20世纪末到21世纪初的十多年里,生命科学,特别是分子生物学发生了令世人瞩目的变化.生命科学研究飞速发展使人们相信21世纪是生命科学的世纪.与此同时,人们也越来越清楚地意识到生命科学研究的质的飞跃不可能由生物学家独立完成.数学、物理、化学、力学、信息科学在生物学研究中必将担任越来越重要的角色.文章通过介绍几个作者参与的系统生物学研究工作,探讨物理学在系统生物学中应该并能担任的角色.     

Efimov Physics in Four-Boson Scattering

Four-boson system is studied in the limit of large two-boson scattering length by solving momentum-space integral equations for the four-particle transition operators. A number of universal results for atom-trimer scattering observables is found.     

Efimov effect in Dirac semi-metals

The Efimov effect is defined as a quantum state with discrete scaling symmetry and a universal scaling factor. It has attracted considerable interests from nuclear to atomic physics communities. In a Dirac semi-metal, when an electron interacts with a static impurity through a Coulombic interaction, the same kinetic scaling and the interaction energy results in the Efimov effect. However, even when the Fermi energy lies exactly at the Dirac point, the vacuum polarization of the electron-hole pair fluctuation can still screen the Coulombic interaction, which leads to deviations from the scaling symmetry and eventually breaks down of the Efimov effect. This energy distortion of the Efimov states due to vacuum polarization is a relativistic electron analogy of the Lamb shift for the hydrogen atom. Motivated by the recent experimental observations in two- and three-dimensional Dirac semi-metals, we herein investigate this many-body correction to the Efimov effect and the conditions that allow some of the Efimov-like quasi-bound states to be observed in these condensed matter experiments.     

系统生物学中的物理问题

在20世纪末到21世纪初的十多年里,生命科学,特别是分子生物学发生了令世人瞩目的变化.生命科学研究飞速发展使人们相信21世纪是生命科学的世纪.与此同时,人们也越来越清楚地意识到生命科学研究的质的飞跃不可能由生物学家独立完成.数学、物理、化学、力学、信息科学在生物学研究中必将担任越来越重要的角色.文章通过介绍几个作者参与的系统生物学研究工作,探讨物理学在系统生物学中应该并能担任的角色.     

Efimov Physics in Small Bosonic Clusters

We study small clusters of bosons, A = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, characterized by a resonant interaction. Firstly, we use a soft-gaussian interaction that reproduces the values of the dimer binding energy and the atom-atom scattering length obtained with LM2M2 potential, a widely used ⁴He-⁴He interaction. We change the intensity of the potential to explore the clusters’ spectra in different regions with large positive and large negative values of the two-body scattering length and we report the clusters’ energies on Efimov plot, which makes the scale invariance explicit. Secondly, we repeat our calculation adding a repulsive three-body force to reproduce the trimer binding energy. In all the region explored, we have found that these systems present two states, one deep and one shallow close to the A ? 1 threshold, and scale invariance has been investigated for these states. The calculations are performed by means of Hyperspherical Harmonics basis set.     

Vibrational-rotational behavior of diatomic heteronuclear molecular systems in intense laser pulses

The dynamics of diatomic heteronuclear molecules in the low-frequency intense laser pulses is studied by numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation and both rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom are taken into account. The interference stabilization against the dissociation process is found to take place in a strong field and is shown to result in trapping of population in different rotational-vibrational bound states due to efficient Raman V- and ??-type transitions. The interplay between the vibrational and rotational dynamics of a molecule is investigated. The dissociation suppression due to the interference mechanism and all its attributes are established in the case of multiphoton coupling between the initial state and dissociation continuum.     

Efimov Resonances in Ultracold Quantum Gases

Ultracold atomic gases have developed into prime systems for experimental studies of Efimov three-body physics and related few-body phenomena, which occur in the universal regime of resonant interactions. In the last few years, many important breakthroughs have been achieved, confirming basic predictions of universal few-body theory and deepening our understanding of such systems. We review the basic ideas along with the fast experimental developments of the field, focussing on ultracold cesium gases as a well-investigated model system. Triatomic Efimov resonances, atom-dimer Efimov resonances, and related four-body resonances are discussed as central observables. We also present some new observations of such resonances, supporting and complementing the set of available data.     

Time-optimal coherence-order-selective transfer of in-phase coherence in heteronuclear IS spin systems

Based on principles of geometric optimal control theory, coherence transfer building blocks can be derived which achieve optimal sensitivity. Here, experimental pulse sequences are presented that achieve the best possible coherence-order-selective in-phase transfer (S(-)-->I(-)) for a heteronuclear 2-spin system for any given mixing time in the absence of relaxation. For short mixing times, the optimal experiment improves the sensitivity of isotropic mixing by up to 12.5%.     

The physics of nucleon-antinucleon systems

The present-day state of the problem of interactions between nonrelativistic antinucleons and nucleons is reviewed. Properties of quasinuclear systems containing antinucleons are considered.     

Efimov effect in 2-neutron halo nuclei

This paper presents an overview of our theoretical investigations in search of Efimov states in light 2-neutron halo nuclei. The calculations have been carried out within a three-body formalism, assuming a compact core and two valence neutrons forming the halo. The calculations provide strong evidence for the occurrence of at least two Efimov states in ²⁰C nucleus. These excited states move into the continuum as the two-body (core-neutron) binding energy is increased and show up as asymmetric resonances in the elastic scattering cross-section of the n-¹⁹C system. The Fano mechanism is invoked to explain the asymmetry. The calculations have been extended to ³⁸Mg, ³²Ne and a hypothetical case of a very heavy core (A = 100) with two valence neutrons. In all these cases the Efimov states show up as resonances as the two-body energy is increased. However, in sharp contrast, the Efimov states, for a system of three equal masses, show up as virtual states beyond a certain value of the two-body interaction.