Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Skin Heat Exchanger

Cooling technology is facing new challenges with the increase of electronic equipment power onboard aircraft. The traditional heat sink based on high-altitude bleed air does not satisfy this increase of cooling demands. In this article, an air/air-type skin heat exchanger is studied for cooling aircraft electronic equipment. It uses outside high-altitude cold air rather than bleed air as a heat sink. This cooling technology can effectively remove the heat load of high-power electronic devices without greatly increasing aircraft performance penalty. To assess its high-altitude heat transfer performance, an experimental prototype was designed and made. Some experiments were conducted on a ground experimental test. The heat transfer criteria formulas were obtained for both the side air in the skin heat exchanger and its convective heat transfer coefficients. Based on these experimental analyses, the heat transfer performances of the skin heat exchanger in a high-altitude cruise condition are deduced when it is assumed to be installed at an unfavorable position and a favorable position, separately. This work tries to provide a technical support for its future onboard application.     

Numerical Investigation into the Development Performance of Gas Hydrate by Depressurization Based on Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation Analyses

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamic properties of gas hydrate development from a large hydrate simulator through numerical simulation. A mathematical model of heat transfer and entropy production of methane hydrate dissociation by depressurization has been established, and the change behaviors of various heat flows and entropy generations have been evaluated. Simulation results show that most of the heat supplied from outside is assimilated by methane hydrate. The energy loss caused by the fluid production is insignificant in comparison to the heat assimilation of the hydrate reservoir. The entropy generation of gas hydrate can be considered as the entropy flow from the ambient environment to the hydrate particles, and it is favorable from the perspective of efficient hydrate exploitation. On the contrary, the undesirable entropy generations of water, gas and quartz sand are induced by the irreversible heat conduction and thermal convection under notable temperature gradient in the deposit. Although lower production pressure will lead to larger entropy production of the whole system, the irreversible energy loss is always extremely limited when compared with the amount of thermal energy utilized by methane hydrate. The production pressure should be set as low as possible for the purpose of enhancing exploitation efficiency, as the entropy production rate is not sensitive to the energy recovery rate under depressurization.     

Comparative Study of the Thermal and Hydraulic Performance of Supercritical CO2 and Water in Microchannels Based on Entropy Generation

The excellent thermophysical properties of supercritical CO₂ (sCO₂) close to the pseudocritical point make it possible to replace water as the coolant of microchannels in application of a high heat flux radiator. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method verified by experimental data is used to make a comparison of the thermal hydraulic behavior in CO₂-cooled and of water-cooled microchannels. The operation conditions of the CO₂-based cooling cases cover the pseudocritical point (with the inlet temperature range of 306~320 K and the working pressure of 8 MPa), and the water-based cooling case has an inlet temperature of 308 K at the working pressure of 0.1 MPa. The channel types include the straight and zigzag microchannels with 90°, 120°, and 150° bending angles, respectively. The analysis result shows that, only when the state of CO₂ is close to the pseudocritical point, the sCO₂-cooled microchannel is of a higher average heat convection coefficient and a lower average temperature of the heated surface compared to the water-cooled microchannel. The entropy generation rate of the sCO₂-cooled microchannel can reach 0.58~0.69 times that of the entropy generation rate for the water-cooled microchannel. Adopting the zigzag structure can enhance the heat transfer, but it does not improve the comprehensive performance represented by the entropy generation rate in the sCO₂-cooled microchannel.     

POD方法在扁管管翅式换热器研究中的应用

针对复杂流动与传热现象的扁管管翅式换热器板芯结构构建特征正交分解（POD）低阶模型,数值分析不同参数组合的传热特性并与有限容积法（FVM）计算结果进行比对.结果表明：POD计算结果与FVM计算结果间的相对偏差平均值在5.25%以内,但计算速度比FVM提高了164.78~2 021倍.所得结论对于扁管管翅式换热器结构参数设计和运行优化有理论参考价值.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Turbulator on Heat Transfer in a Concentric-type Heat Exchanger

This article experimentally and numerically analyzes the effect of turbulators with different geometries (Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) located at the inlet of the inner pipe in a concentric-type heat exchanger. Experiments were performed at parallel-flow conditions in the same and opposite directions to investigate the impact of manufactured turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop. In the numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program was used, and basic protection equations were solved in the steady-state, three-dimensional, and turbulence-flow conditions. Results were obtained from numerical analysis conducted at different flow values of air (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 m³/h). The distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure was demonstrated as a result of numerical analyses. Experimental and numerical results were compared, and it was observed that they were in conformity with each other. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, the highest heat transfer, pressure drop, and friction factor increase were detected to be in the Type IV turbulator.     

半透明梯度折射率介质内辐射熵传递方程及其数值模拟

在非相干辐射条件下,基于Planck光谱辐射熵强度定义,导出半透明梯度折射率介质内光谱辐射熵传递方程,以及局部辐射熵产率理论表达式.基于离散坐标法对辐射熵传递方程进行数值求解.以一维半透明梯度介质平板为例,对辐射熵方程及其算法进行验证.平板整体无因次辐射熵产的计算结果与宏观热力学定律的结果一致.     

Comprehensive Study of the Effect of the Addition of Four Drag Reducing Macromolecules on the Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Performance of Water in a Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

Abstract

In the present study the effects of the addition of four drag reducing agents (DRA), including carboxy methyl cellulose with high molecular weight (DRA1) and medium molecular weight (DRA2), polyacrylamide (DRA3) and the natural polymer, xanthan gum (DRA4), to water on the pressure drop and heat transfer performance in a finned tube-heat exchanger were compared. Laminar flow (Reynolds number (Re) <1400) was studied to transfer heat between water and air in the finned tube heat exchanger. The results showed that DRA1, with a maximum %DR of 26%, and DRA4, with a maximum %DR of 5%, were the highest and the lowest obtained results, respectively. In the case of heat transfer reduction percentage (%HTR), DRA4, having more than 34.5%, was the highest, and DRA1, with about 13.7%, was the lowest result for the concentration range of 0-100?ppm and temperature range of 40–65?°C.     

Study of Automatic Transmission Fluid in a Serpentine Minichannel Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Approach

An experimental investigation was conducted on automatic transmission fluid cooling in a minichannel heat exchanger using a closed-loop integrated thermal wind tunnel test facility. Effects of automatic transmission fluid Reynolds number (Re_L) on heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number were examined within the Re_L of 3–30 for air-flow Re of 1,450–5,200. Effects of serpentine on heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics were evaluated through Dean number analysis. The analysis of Eckert number and Brinkman number showed a contribution to the viscous heating even for a low Re_L in the minichannel. The study showed enhanced heat transfer characterizations of the multi-port minichannel heat exchanger.