氨基硅球及其复合材料的合成与金属离子吸附

采用一锅法制备单分散氨基功能化氧化硅球(AFS),再利用水热法合成了AFS石墨烯气凝胶复合材料(AFSGA)。利用X射线衍射、显色反应、扫描电镜、红外光谱等手段对AFS和AFSGA进行表征,考察了催化剂用量、有机硅源的种类及硅酸乙酯与硅源的加入比例等因素对AFS的形貌、表面结构与性质以及对重金属离子吸附性能的影响。采用X射线荧光法测试了AFS和AFSGA对多种重金属离子的吸附特性,二者对Hg²⁺的吸附量分别为142.3和102.84 mg/g。单分散AFS是一种合成流程便捷、应用经济性优异的吸附材料,而超轻、结构稳定性良好的AFSGA更具有易于回收与重复利用的应用优势。     

用于汞离子检测和细胞成像的石墨相氮化碳量子点荧光探针

本文采用一步固相热解法，以尿素作为前体合成了石墨相氮化碳量子点(gCNQDs)．利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对g-CNQDs的粒径分布、元素组成、形貌结构和表面官能团进行表征．基于Hg²⁺淬灭g-CNQDs荧光的现象，构建可用于血样和尿样以及实际水样中Hg²⁺检测的荧光探针，在2.5～50.0μmol·L^-1范围内，Hg²⁺浓度与g-CNQDs相对荧光强度呈现良好的线性关系，检出限为1.5nmol·L^-1．在实际样品中检测Hg²⁺的加标回收率为97.17%～101.13%.g-CNQDs与Hg²⁺的相互作用机理主要为静态淬灭．该探针也被成功应用于肿瘤细胞成像．     

磁性硫化铜复合纳米材料的合成及其对水中汞离子的特异性吸附

设计和合成吸附速率快、选择性好的吸附富集材料对Hg²⁺的高效吸附和精确检测具有重要意义。 本文中,采用简单、经济的策略制备了磁性硫化铜复合纳米材料(Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS),并且通过一系列吸附实验考察了核-壳结构的Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS对水溶液中Hg²⁺的吸附性能。 结果表明,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS显示出了快速的吸附富集速率和良好的吸附容量。 同时,在多种金属离子共存的情况下,该材料表现出了优异的吸附选择性,Hg²⁺吸附率高达99.9%。 由于该材料具备磁性,因此通过外加磁场即可实现吸附剂与水体简便快速的分离。 以上结果表明,磁性金属硫化物纳米材料在吸附富集和检测领域具有良好的应用前景。     

新型含氮、硫纤维素螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

将稻壳纤维素的氯化产物(CDC)分别与水合肼、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、丁二胺和己二胺反应,合成了6种含氮纤维素螯合树脂(ADC-1～ADC-6);在碱性条件下用环硫氯丙烷交联ADC合成了6种新型含氮、硫纤维素螯合树脂(TADC-1～TADC-6),研究了合成条件和ADC,TADC树脂对金属离子的吸附性能.结果表明,ADC树脂对Cu²⁺,Cr³⁺,Ni²⁺,Hg²⁺,Zn²⁺等离子有较好的吸附性,对Hg²⁺吸附容量可达0.5mmol/g左右;TADC树脂对Ag⁺,Cu²⁺,Hg²⁺等离子有较好的吸附性,对Hg²⁺和Ag⁺吸附容量可达1.1mmol/g和1.9mmol/g左右;强酸性条件下,ADC和TADC树脂的吸附容量都降低,它们对金属离子的吸附顺序分别为Hg²⁺>Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺和Ag⁺>Hg²⁺>Cu²⁺,树脂用10%的氨水解吸附可重复使用.     

氨基修饰介孔SiO2的合成及对其对Hg2+、 Ni2+和Mn2+的吸附

利用介孔SiO₂微球（MSM）作为基底,对其表面进行氨基修饰,合成了氨基修饰介孔SiO₂微球（MSM/NH₂）,其结构和性能经TEM, XRD和元素分析表征。结果表明：MSM/NH₂ 1.0［3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）用量为1.0 mL］对Hg²⁺、 Ni²⁺和Mn²⁺的5次循环吸附效率的平均值均超过92.0%。     

Ag+/Ag/ZnO多孔纳米结构纤维材料的制备及可见光催化性能

借助棉花纤维模板, 采用两步法制备了Ag⁺/Ag/ZnO多孔纳米结构纤维材料, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等对其进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝(MB)的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了银修饰量(摩尔分数, 0~1.50%)对ZnO纳米结构纤维材料光催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 利用模板辅助的两步法制备了Ag⁺-Ag共修饰的ZnO多孔纳米结构纤维材料Ag⁺/Ag/ZnO, Ag⁺和Ag通过改变ZnO的晶胞结构、 光吸收特性及形貌等影响其光催化性能; 在可见光条件下, Ag⁺/Ag/ZnO的催化性能优于纯ZnO, 且与修饰量有关.     

CuMn2O4@GA复合材料的合成与CO转化

催化氧化法在CO消除领域广泛应用,合成了单分散多孔微球催化剂CuMn₂O₄及其石墨烯气凝胶(GA)超轻复合材料CuMn₂O₄@GA。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法表征了材料结构。结果表明,水热法是理想的石墨烯复合材料合成方法。CuMn₂O₄@GA材料结构强度良好、质地均一,催化剂颗粒在气凝胶结构中充分分散。催化性能测试表明,CuMn₂O₄形貌与CO在其表面的吸附和催化转化行为密切相关。得益于复合材料的低密度网络结构,在60000 mL/(g(cat)·h)的高通量进气和128℃下实现了CO的完全转化。进气湿度对复合材料CO催化活性无明显影响,多次重复活化和使用测试表明复合材料具有良好的结构保持性和优良的应用经济性。     

荧光水凝胶对汞离子的富集检测研究

汞离子在微生物的作用下可转化为易在生物体内积累的甲基汞,最终对人体造成损伤.因此,开发对废水中汞离子富集检测的异相传感器是监测控制水中重金属汞污染的关键.本文通过将水热反应合成的氮硫-碳点与水凝胶自组装制备了一种集富集检测一体化的荧光水凝胶.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对AAH进行表征,结合静态吸附法研究了不同pH、温度、时间以及多种重金属离子共存等实验条件下AAH对Hg²⁺的富集能力,并且通过荧光分析法研究了AAH对Hg²⁺的检测能力.实验结果表明, AAH的多孔结构和丰富的化学基团对Hg²⁺显示出良好的富集能力,最大吸附容量为606.06 mg/g.此外,通过荧光分析法研究了AAH对Hg²⁺的检测能力,分析结果表明AAH中的氮硫-碳点对Hg²⁺表现出了灵敏的荧光响应能力和高选择性.综上所述, AAH将在汞离子的富集监测等环境领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

玉米苞衣热解法制备碳点及荧光猝灭法测定Hg2+

以农业废弃物玉米苞衣为碳源,采用一步热解法制备荧光碳点(CDs),利用透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、 X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱等对CDs的结构和光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,制备得到的CDs呈球形,粒径约为5.5 nm,其表面富含羟基和羧基。CDs在紫外光照射下可以发出明亮的蓝色荧光。Hg²⁺对CDs溶液的荧光具有显著的猝灭作用,据此建立了检测Hg²⁺的新体系。在0～4.0μmol/L范围内,CDs溶液的荧光猝灭程度与Hg²⁺浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.011μmol/L。本方法适用于自来水和湖水水样中Hg²⁺的测定。     

共价有机框架在水中二价汞吸附去除中的应用

伴随现代工业的迅速发展,大量含汞化合物通过多种途径进入水环境。二价汞离子(Hg²⁺)是水体中汞的主要存在形态,开发先进的水体Hg²⁺去除技术对于降低健康风险和保障生态安全至关重要。作为有效的水处理技术之一,吸附法去除水中的Hg²⁺已得到了人们的关注,而寻找性能优异的吸附材料是取得突破的关键。近年来,共价有机框架(Covalent organic frameworks,COFs)凭借其高比表面积、有序的多孔结构和表面易功能化等优势,已被广泛应用于环境修复领域。本文主要综述了COFs在吸附去除水中Hg²⁺方面的最新进展,探讨COFs的结构设计、功能化合成、水中Hg²⁺吸附行为、反应机理、环境影响因素以及拓展至规模化应用的潜力,并展望该领域未来发展的新机遇。     

Electrocatalytic Activity of Immobilized Co(II) on Porous Graphene Aerogels

The highly‐porous graphene aerogel (GA) with BET surface area of 810 m² g^?1 and three‐dimensional structure has been successfully fabricated using the hydrothermal technique. The modified glassy carbon electrode was then prepared by casting the graphene aerogel solution followed by immersing the GA/GCE in Co⁺² solution. The results showed that graphene aerogels improved the adsorption ability of the Co (II) ions. The electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the Co‐GA modified glassy carbon elec‐ trode (Co‐GA/GCE) has been investigated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in alkaline solution. The OER was noticeably enhanced at Co‐GA/GCE, representing a negative shift in the LSV curve at the Co‐GA/GCE compared to that obtained at the bare GCE. The high electrocatalytic activity, good reproducibility and low cost of proposed electrode provides desired characteristics of a potential candi‐ date in the industrial water electrolysis process.     

Prussian Blue‐Derived Iron Phosphide Nanoparticles in a Porous Graphene Aerogel as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Tailoring of new hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst with earth abundant elements is important for large scale water splitting and hydrogen production. In this work, we present a simple synthetic method for incorporating iron phosphide (FeP) particles into three‐dimensional (3D) porous graphene aerogel (GA) structure. The FeP formed in porous 3D GA (FeP/GA) is derived from electroactive Fe hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF). The advantage of incorporating FeP, in the porous 3D graphene network enables high accessibility for HER. As synthesized FeP/GA catalyst shows good electrocatalytic activity for HER in both acidic and alkaline solutions. The developed method can be useful for synthesizing metal hexacyanoferrate derived mono/bimetal phosphide catalyst in porous 3D graphene aerogels.     

The morphology modulation of graphene to produce wrinkles and folds for effective electrochemical determination of Hg(II)

A highly efficient electrode material, three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide with varying wrinkles and folds (WRGO), applicable for electrochemical determination of Hg(II) was obtained by treating graphene oxide (GO) with KOH aqueous solution. After alkaline etching, the relatively flat graphene was altered and its self-aggregation was significantly alleviated, producing more wrinkles and folds, which provided more active adsorption sites for heavy metal ions. WRGO-5 modified electrode system herein offers a highest sensitivity of (31.83 μAμM⁻¹) and a lowest LOD of (16.28 nM). Moreover, the electrode sensor possesses good stability and reproducibility.     

基于氧化石墨烯气凝胶固相萃取柱检测有机磷农药北大核心CSCD

以氧化石墨烯气凝胶三维纳米材料作为固相萃取的吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱,对食品中的有机磷农药(辛硫磷、双硫磷、倍硫磷、杀螟硫磷)进行检测分析。首先,利用冷冻干燥的方式制备得到氧化石墨烯气凝胶,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、比表面积吸附等一系列的实验手段对其形貌及物理特性进行了表征,证明其成功合成。从扫描电镜中可见石墨烯的层状褶皱结构,其表面积为740.51 m^(2)/g。然后,将氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充于固相萃取柱中,在未借助任何硅胶等基体的条件下进行萃取研究;通过单因素实验,系统研究了萃取和洗脱条件对有机磷农药萃取回收率的影响。结果显示,在上样体积15 mL、样品溶液pH值4、上样速率1.0 mL/min、洗脱剂1.0 mL乙腈的条件下萃取回收率最高。与商用的萃取材料进行比较,包括碳十八硅胶柱(C18)、阴离子交换柱(SAX)、氨基柱(-NH_(2))和硅酸镁柱(Florisil),氧化石墨烯气凝胶填充的固相萃取柱的萃取回收率有明显提高。实验考察了氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充的萃取柱的寿命,结果显示该萃取柱可以重复使用15次,可见解决了分散无基体支撑的石墨烯纳米片容易破碎、堵塞筛板的问题。与液相色谱联用建立分析方法,4种有机磷农药的线性范围较宽,辛硫磷、双硫磷和倍硫磷的线性范围为1~200μg/L,杀螟硫磷的线性范围为2~200μg/L,线性拟合良好(线性相关系数r^(2)≥0.9949),检出限为0.2~0.5μg/L,满足于我国和其他国家限定标准的检测。将该方法应用于实际样品,在苹果皮中未检测到有机磷农药,对其进行加标,回收率为70.5%~93.6%,相对标准偏差≤10.4%。     

In situ sensing of metal ion adsorption to a thiolated surface using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy

The kinetics of the adsorption of metal ions onto a thiolated surface and the selective and quantitative sensing of metal ions were explored using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. The target metal ion was an aqueous solution of Pt2+ and a thin-gold-film-coated glass substrate was modified with 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) as a selective sensing layer. SPR spectroscopy was used to examine the kinetics of metal ion adsorption by means of the change in SPR angle. The selectivity of the thiolated surface for Pt2+ over other divalent metal ions such as Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ was evident by the time-resolved SPR measurement. SPR angle shift, deltatheta(SPR), was found to increase logarithmically with increasing concentration of Pt2+ in the range of 1.0 x 10(-5)-1.0 mM. The rate of Pt2+ adsorption on HDT observed at both 0.1 and 1 mM Pt2+ accelerates until the surface coverage reaches approximately 17%, after which the adsorption profile follows Langmuirian behavior with the surface coverage. The experimental data indicated that heavy metal ions were adsorbed to the hydrophobic thiolated surface by a cooperative mechanism. A mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed of HDT and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was used to reduce the hydrophobicity of the thiol-functionalized surface. The addition of hydrophilic groups to the surface enhanced the rate of adsorption of Pt2+ onto the surface. The findings show that the adsorption of metal ions is strongly dependent upon the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the surface and that the technique represents an easy method for analyzing the adsorption of metal ions to a functionalized surface by combining SPR spectroscopy with a SAM modification.     

In situ self‐assembled reduced graphene oxide aerogel embedded with nickel oxide nanoparticles for the high‐efficiency separation of ovalbumin

A three‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide aerogel with embedded nickel oxide nanoparticles was prepared by a one‐step self‐assembly reaction in a short time. The nanoparticles could be captured into the interior of reduced graphene oxide network during the formation of the three‐dimensional architecture. The composite exhibited porosity, good biocompatibility, and abundant metal affinity binding sites. The aerogel was used to isolate ovalbumin selectively from egg white, and favorable adsorption was achieved at pH 3. An adsorption efficiency of 90.6% was obtained by using 1 mg of the composite for adsorbing 70 μg/mL of ovalbumin in 1.0 mL of sample solution, and afterwards a recovery of 90.7% was achieved by using an eluent of 1.0 mL Britton–Robinson buffer solution at pH 5. After the adsorption/desorption, ovalbumin showed no change in the conformation. The adsorption behavior of ovalbumin on the reduced graphene oxide composite well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model, and a corresponding theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 1695.2 mg/g. A sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated that the aerogel could selectively isolate ovalbumin from chicken egg white.     

Facile synthesis of mesoporous WO3@graphene aerogel nanocomposites for low-temperature acetone sensing

Ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide@graphene aerogel (mWO3@GA) nanocomposites were synthesized via an interface-induced co-assembly process, which show a high selectivity and great response to acetone at low temperature.     

Use of Pd-Pt loaded graphene aerogel on nickel foam in direct ethanol fuel cell

A size customized binder-free bimetallic Pd-Pt loaded graphene aerogel deposited on nickel foam plate (Pd-Pt/GA/NFP) was prepared and used as an electrode for an alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) under room temperature. The effect of fuel concentration and metal composition on the output power density of the DEFC was systematically investigated. Under the optimum fuel concentration, the cell could achieve a value of 3.6 mW cm⁻² at room temperature for the graphene electrode with Pd/Pt ratio approaching 1:1. Such results demonstrated the possibility of producing a size customized metal loaded GA/NFP electrode for fuel cell with high performance.     

氧化硅-石墨烯气凝胶介孔复合材料的合成及其对苯的吸附性能

采用水热法快速合成了一种新型介孔氧化硅-石墨烯气凝胶复合吸附材料(MSGA)。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对MSGA进行表征。结果表明,经过水热反应和冻干处理后的MSGA材料的介孔结构保持完好,介孔氧化硅在MSGA中的分散具有高度均一性。当介孔氧化硅的含量达到88.2(wt)%时,MSGA的比表面积可达395.5m~2/g。MSGA材料对苯蒸汽的常温常压吸附量为10.77mL/g,是石墨烯气凝胶的13倍,吸附穿透时间达到石墨烯气凝胶的34.4倍。在0.8%的环境湿度下,由于材料表面羟基的亲和性,进一步提升了对苯的吸附。得益于超低密度和丰富的内部孔隙结构,MSGA能够适应高达500mL/min的气流量。上述结果表明,该复合材料在VOCs消除领域具有广阔的应用前景。