水蒸气在垂直钛板表面的冷凝传热特性

对水蒸气在垂直钛板表面的冷凝传热特性进行了可视化实验研究。实验结果表明,蒸汽在钛表面为液滴和沟流状液膜共存的混合冷凝形式。随着表面过冷度的增大,滴状区所占的面积比η逐渐减小,且液滴的脱落直径逐渐增大,导致表面的冷凝传热系数随之下降。η值大于50%时,冷凝传热系数随滴状区所占面积比的减小而陡降,滴状区面积小于膜状区后,η值对冷凝表面传热性能的影响较小。     

高功率二极管激光器喷雾冷却实验研究

通过以液氨为制冷工质的开式喷雾冷却系统,在相同实验条件下研究了二极管激光器(DL)热沉喷雾表面分别为光滑表面、均匀密排微孔、深孔和多孔表面结构时的冷却效果,实验结果表明:在热流密度达到300W/cm2时,冷却表面温度均保持在28℃以内,适用于高热流密度下的DL热管理问题;喷雾表面均布微结构能显著强化喷雾冷却性能,当采用均匀密排多孔表面时,散热功率达511.5 W/cm2,对流传热系数为346 701.1W/(m2·℃),传热系数较光滑表面时提高了83.9%。     

端壁对在横向流动中的圆柱体传热的影响

靠近燃气透平叶片顶端或根部的叶片表面的热负荷强烈地受到那里的二次流的影响。叶片进口边缘首先与高温燃气相接触,因此,端壁对叶片进口边缘传热的影响值得进行研究。Schmidt和Wenner的文章提供了早期对圆柱体传热的研究结果。Kestin和Maeder的工作充分证明了自由流的湍流度对传热系数有很大的影响。Johnston在文献中对二次流给出了甚为清楚的说明。本文用一个在横向流动中的圆柱体,并在圆柱体上安置一块平板,来模化靠近端面的透平叶片进口边缘处的流动。     

超亲水乳突对冷凝传热的影响

为强化冷凝传热,促使冷凝液快速脱离是重要途径。以微米级电解铜粉为材料,烧结制备了超亲水乳突结构,测试了超亲水乳突在不同角度下的吸液性能,并通过蒸汽冷凝实验,研究了超亲水乳突对冷凝传热的影响。实验结果表明,超亲水乳突表面的针状凸起增大了乳突的粗糙度,进而增大了超亲水乳突内的毛细吸力,吸液性能优越。因此应用超亲水乳突后,促进了冷凝表面冷凝液的脱离,从而强化了蒸汽冷凝传热。其中,应用超亲水乳突的超疏水表面表现出最高的传热系数。当过冷度ΔT=2.5 K时,传热系数是亲水铜表面的5.6倍。     

聚四氟乙烯表面滴状冷凝的实验研究

根据递推法测定滴状冷凝传热系数原理,搭建了滴状冷凝传热系数测定试验台,并对聚四氟乙烯材料表面的传热特性进行了试验测定,分析了影响滴状冷凝传热系数的因素。     

不同湍流模型对燃气透平静叶及动叶叶顶传热预测精度的研究

本文研究了不同湍流模型对燃气透平静叶、动叶叶顶和机匣传热的预测特性,分析了SSTγ-θ模型在不同湍流强度、湍流尺度和雷诺数下对C3X静叶传热系数的计算精度。结果表明:SSTγ-θ模型对静叶传热系数的预测精度明显优于其它两方程湍流模型;SSTγ-θ模型的计算结果在本文所研究的湍流强度和雷诺数范围内与试验结果能够很好吻合;不同湍流模型计算的叶顶和机匣传热系数分布规律与试验结果相似,SSTγ-θ模型的预测结果在叶顶及机匣的大部分区域与试验结果最为吻合。     

套管式冷凝器热平衡实验研究

套管式冷凝器结构简单,广泛应用于石油化工、制冷空调和动力等行业。如果换热器与外界环境没有热量交换,则冷流体的吸热量与热流体的放热量相等。主要研究套管式冷凝器的换热量、表面传热系数和总传热系数的测试和计算方法。通过对冷凝器实验台的工作原理和使用方法的实验研究,得出水蒸汽冷凝时套管式换热器的总换热量、热平衡误差和总换热系数的变化规律,分析了不同进出口温度时表面传热系数的变化规律。     

热斑分布方式对气冷双级涡轮气热性能影响研究

针对两种不同时序位置热斑在大冷气量燃气涡轮通道内的迁移对涡轮气动性能、叶片表面热负荷和气动激振力的影响开展了数值模拟研究,对比分析了涡轮效率、叶片表面温度分布、出口总温分布、非定常激振力时域/频域特征等,对进口热斑时序位置的选取方式进行了讨论。结果表明对于气冷燃气涡轮,与热斑正对通道中心相比,热斑正对导叶前缘可以有效降低动叶热负荷、改善第二级导叶温度分布均匀性、抑制效率下降、降低非定常激振力水平,有利于改善燃气涡轮气动热力性能。研究结果为大冷气量双级燃气涡轮热斑时序位置选取提供了依据。     

原表面回热器换热阻力特性试验研究

本文对研制加工的适用于 100 kW 微型燃气轮机的 CW(Cross Wavy) 原表面回热器进行了试验研究,通过对两侧流体进、出口温度、压力等的测量,重点分析了燃气流量、入口温度及空气进口压力变化对换热阻力的影响,得出了在变工况下回热器的流动与换热性能规律,结果表明:所研制的 CW 原表面回热器空、燃气两侧换热均匀,提高了换热效率,两侧压降都有不同程度降低,并得出了有工程应用价值的 Nu-Re 及 f-RE 准则关系式,可为原表面回热器的设计制造提供参考.     

分子自组装膜表面滴膜共存冷凝传热的研究

本文以不同处理工艺制备十八烷基硫醇自组装膜,研究制备的表面上蒸气冷凝传热过程.结果表明不同的成膜温度,可以实现膜表面上水蒸气冷凝形态从膜状到滴状的过渡.并研究了该表面上滴膜共存状态下的冷凝传热特性,表明过渡状冷凝传热随固液自由能差渐进变化的实质是冷凝形态的渐进变化,表面上冷凝液运动形态的不同也将导致传热性能的改变,并对自组装膜表面上的冷凝传热系数可能随操作时间的增加而回升的现象进行了分析.     

Numerical simulation of tissue freezing by liquid nitrogen based cryoprobe

A model is presented to simulate the cooling processes during tumor cryosurgery with different kinds of flows through the cryoprobe. The heat flux between the cryoprobe wall and the tumor, the heat transfer coefficient under different inflow conditions are obtained numerically. The impact of the inlet mass flow rate, gas volume fraction on these parameters is investigated. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient decreased significantly when inflow changed from two-phase annular flow to droplet flow, and to gas flow. The inlet gas volume fraction and flow velocity only significantly affect the freezing ability of the probe when the inflow is gas or in droplet phase. Simulation of the tumor temperature profiles under different flow conditions show that the heat transfer coefficient is a crucial parameter in temperature prediction during cryosurgery. Results indicate that when the cryoprobe wall is assumed at a constant temperature conventionally, the cooling effect could be overestimated. It would be more reasonable to use the constant wall heat transfer coefficient to simulate the cooling progress under a specific flow.     

Heat transfer in locally heated liquid films moving under the action of gravity and gas flow

Heat transfer in a viscous liquid film moving under the action of gravity and a gas flow on a substrate with a locally heated rectangular area is investigated. The heat exchange coefficient is given on the liquid-gas surface; the heat flux to the liquid is given on the heated area; the substrate surface outside the heated area is heat-insulated. An analytical solution in a form of a convergent series is obtained for the liquid temperature distribution in the film. The influence of the dimensionless criteria on the obtained solution is analyzed. The effect of heat flux inhomogeneity on the temperature distribution is considered.     

燃气轮机涡轮叶片冷却通道内的流动与传热研究

本文用实验方法研究了冷却气流在放入一倍模型涡轮叶片内通道的压力分布、冷热态阻力及局部换热系数分布。     

Parameters Affecting Heat Transfer During Condensation Inside Micropipes: Surface Tension Effect. Paper II

Experimental and analytical investigation was carried out to show the effect of surface tension on the heat transfer coefficient of gas flow inside micropipe heat exchangers during the condensation process. An empirical correlation was formulated for the coefficient of the convective heat transfer. A comprehensive comparison between the experimental results with published correlations in the literature and that obtained by the developed correlation was conducted. The results showed that the predicted heat transfer coefficient of the proposed correlation was closer to the experimental results than any other correlation, a finding related to the consideration of the surface tension.     

应用热成象技术测量高温气流温度场

１前言高温风洞的温度高达１７００℃,流速达０．９马赫数。为了测量风洞中气流温度分布的均匀性,通常采用铂铑３０－铂铑１０热电偶温度传感器,但是它只能采用逐点移测法,因此它不可能在同一时刻将一条检测线上气流温度测量出来。同时在高温气流测量时,热电偶接点由...     

Transient Heat Transfer for Forced Convection Flow of Helium Gas Over a Horizontal Plate

Transient heat transfer coefficients for helium gas flowing over a horizontal plate (ribbon) were measured under wide experimental conditions. The platinum plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm was used as the test heater and heated by electric current. The heat generation rate was exponentially increased with a function of Q₀ exp(t/τ). The gas flow velocities ranged from 4 to 10 m/s, the gas temperatures ranged from 290 to 353 K, and the periods of heat generation rate, τ, ranged from 50 ms to 17 s. The surface superheat and heat flux increase exponentially as the heat generation rate increases with the exponential function. It was clarified that the heat transfer coefficient approaches the quasi-steady-state one for the period τ longer than about 1 s, and it becomes higher for the period shorter than around 1 s. Empirical correlation for transient heat transfer was also obtained based on the experimental data.     

Calculation of the drag and heat transfer from a sphere in the gas flow in a cylindrical channel

A numerical experiment on the simulation of heat transfer from a sphere to a gas flow in a cylindrical channel in the Stokes and transient flow regimes has been described. Radial and axial profiles of the gas temperature and the dependences of drag coefficient C_d of the body and Nusselt number Nu on Reynolds number Re have been calculated and analyzed. The problem of the influence of the early drag crisis for a sphere on its heat transfer to the gas flow has been considered. The estimation of this phenomenon has shown that the early drag crisis of the sphere in a strongly turbulent flow causes a reduction in heat transfer from the sphere to the gas by three to six times (in approximately the same proportion as for its drag coefficient).     

Heat-transfer coefficient of a fine heated wire in a gas flow

Heat exchange between a linear heat source and a gas flow is studied theoretically. The coefficient of source-to-gas heat transfer is found as a function of the gas velocity in the limit of zero temperature drop. It is shown that the heat-transfer coefficient depends linearly on the gas flow velocity for Peclet numbers 0.1–1.0.     

弹性管束汽－水换热器强化传热试验研究

本文设计了一种新的传热元件－弹性管束,它对管内外流体流动具有良好的振动响应特性。利用传热表面振动提高管外对流换热系数的同时,利用振动变形减少积垢,降低污垢热阻,实现了复合强化传热。在汽水换热条件下,对流作诱导振动强化传热规律进行了试验研究,得到了管外对流换热的准则方程式。     

Flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerant R21 in microchannel heat sink

Boiling heat transfer in a refrigerant R 21 flow in a microchannel heat sink is studied. A stainless steel heat sink with a length of 120 mm contains ten microchannels with a size of 640×2050 μm at cross-section with a wall roughness of 10 μm. The local heat-transfer coefficient distribution along the heat sink length is obtained. The ranges of parameters are: mass flow from 68 to 172 kg/m²s, heat fluxes from 16 to 152 kW/m², and vapor quality from 0 to 1. The maximum values of the heat transfer coefficient are observed at the inlet of microchannels. The heat transfer coefficients decrease substantially along the length of channels under high heat flux conditions and, on the contrary, change insignificantly under low heat flux condition. A comparison with the well-known models of flow boiling heat transfer is performed and the range of applicability is defined.