二维弹性平面问题中任意边界条件下应力分布的封闭解

应用辛方法研究了正交各向异性二维平面（x,z）弹性问题,在任意边界和不考虑梁假设条件下的解析应力分布解．辛方法通过将位移和应力作为对偶量推导得到一组辛的偏微分方程组,并且应用变量分离法对方程组进行了求解．同动力学中的问题比较,将弹性问题中的x轴模拟成时间轴,这样z轴成为唯一一个独立的坐标轴．问题中的Hamilton矩阵的指数展开具有辛的特征．在齐次问题求解中,通过边界条件和边界上的积分求得级数中的未知数．齐次解中包括减阶的零特征值的特征向量（零本征向量）和完好的非零本征值的特征向量（非零本征向量）．零本征值的Jordan链给出了经典的Saint Venant解,反映了平均的整体行为像刚体位移、刚体旋转和弯曲等．另外,非零本征向量反映的是指数衰减的局部解,它们通常在Saint Venant原理下被忽略．文中给出了完整的算例,并且和已有结果进行了对比．     

The Mayer and Minimum Time Problems with Stratified State Constraints

This paper studies optimal control problems with state constraints by imposing structural assumptions on the constraint domain coupled with a tangential restriction with the dynamics. These assumptions replace pointing or controllability assumptions that are common in the literature, and provide a framework under which feasible boundary trajectories can be analyzed directly. The value functions associated with the state constrained Mayer and minimal time problems are characterized as solutions to a pair of Hamilton-Jacobi inequalities with appropriate boundary conditions. The novel feature of these inequalities lies in the choice of the Hamiltonian.     

Fluid dynamics and thermodynamics as a unified field theory

We study the problem of consistency of equations of continuum dynamics (using the Euler equations and the continuity equation as examples) and thermodynamic equations of state (for the specific free energy, entropy, and volume). We propose a variant of the Hamiltonian formulation of a model that combines the fluid dynamics of a potential flow of a compressible fluid or gas and local equilibrium thermodynamics into a unified field theory. Thermodynamic equations of state appear in this model as second-class constraint equations. As a consistency condition, there arises another second-class constraint requiring that the product of density and temperature should be independent of time. The model provides an in-principle possibility of finding the time dependence of the specific entropy of the arising dynamical system.     

正交异性悬臂柱壳轴对称问题的弱形式解

导出层合柱壳轴对称问题的平衡方程和边界条件的弱形式,提供了方程和边界条件放在一起的算子形式,建立了悬臂柱壳轴对称问题的热应力混合方程,给出了正交异性层合悬臂柱壳在热荷载和机械荷载作用下的弱形式解。本文提出的方法弱化了求解方程和边界条件,化解了问题,具有一般性并便于推广。     

Multi-dimensional BSDE with oblique reflection and optimal switching

In this paper, we study a multi-dimensional backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) with oblique reflection, which is a BSDE reflected on the boundary of a special unbounded convex domain along an oblique direction, and which arises naturally in the study of optimal switching problem. The existence of the adapted solution is obtained by the penalization method, the monotone convergence, and the a priori estimates. The uniqueness is obtained by a verification method (the first component of any adapted solution is shown to be the vector value of a switching problem for BSDEs). As applications, we apply the above results to solve the optimal switching problem for stochastic differential equations of functional type, and we give also a probabilistic interpretation of the viscosity solution to a system of variational inequalities.     

Finite element approximation on incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary condition

Summary We consider a mixed finite element approximation of the stationary, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary condition, which plays an important rôle in the simulation of flows with free surfaces and incompressible viscous flows at high angles of attack and high Reynold's numbers. The central point is a saddle-point formulation of the boundary conditions which avoids the well-known Babuka paradox when approximating smooth domains by polyhedrons. We prove that for the new formulation one can use any stable mixed finite element for the Navier-Stokes equations with no-slip boundary condition provided suitable bubble functions on the boundary are added to the velocity space. We obtain optimal error estimates under minimal regularity assumptions for the solution of the continous problem. The techniques apply as well to the more general Navier boundary condition.     

Equations for the Missing Boundary Values in the Hamiltonian Formulation of Optimal Control Problems

Partial differential equations for the unknown final state and initial costate arising in the Hamiltonian formulation of regular optimal control problems with a quadratic final penalty are found. It is shown that the missing boundary conditions for Hamilton’s canonical ordinary differential equations satisfy a system of first-order quasilinear vector partial differential equations (PDEs), when the functional dependence of the H-optimal control in phase-space variables is explicitly known. Their solutions are computed in the context of nonlinear systems with ℝ ⁿ -valued states. No special restrictions are imposed on the form of the Lagrangian cost term. Having calculated the initial values of the costates, the optimal control can then be constructed from on-line integration of the corresponding 2n-dimensional Hamilton ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The off-line procedure requires finding two auxiliary n×n matrices that generalize those appearing in the solution of the differential Riccati equation (DRE) associated with the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. In all equations, the independent variables are the finite time-horizon duration T and the final-penalty matrix coefficient S, so their solutions give information on a whole two-parameter family of control problems, which can be used for design purposes. The mathematical treatment takes advantage from the symplectic structure of the Hamiltonian formalism, which allows one to reformulate Bellman’s conjectures concerning the “invariant-embedding” methodology for two-point boundary-value problems. Results for LQR problems are tested against solutions of the associated differential Riccati equation, and the attributes of the two approaches are illustrated and discussed. Also, nonlinear problems are numerically solved and compared against those obtained by using shooting techniques.     

Boundary Shape Control of the Navier-Stokes Equations and Applications

In this paper, the geometrical design for the blade's surface in an impeller or for the profile of an aircraft, is modeled from the mathematical point of view by a boundary shape control problem for the Navier-Stokes equations. The objective function is the sum of a global dissipative function and the power of the fluid. The control variables are the geometry of the boundary and the state equations are the Navier-Stokes equations. The Euler-Lagrange equations of the optimal control problem are derived, which are an elliptic boundary value system of fourth order, coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations. The authors also prove the existence of the solution of the optimal control problem, the existence of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with mixed boundary conditions, the weak continuity of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with respect to the geometry shape of the blade's surface and the existence of solutions of the equations for the Gateaux derivative of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with respect to the geometry of the boundary.     

Multicomponent nonlinear Schrödinger equations with constant boundary conditions

We outline several specific issues concerning the theory of multicomponent nonlinear Schrödinger equations with constant boundary conditions. We first study the spectral properties of the Lax operator L, the structure of the phase space \(\mathcal{M}\), and the construction of the fundamental analytic solutions. We then consider the regularized Wronskian relations, which allow analyzing the map between the potential of L and the scattering data. The Hamiltonian formulation also requires a regularization procedure.     

Hamiltonian restriction of Vlasov equations to rotating isopycnic and isentropic two-layer equations

A direct link between a Vlasov equation and the equations of motion of a rotating fluid with an effective pressure depending only on a pseudo-density is illustrated. In this direct link, the resulting fluid equations necessarily appear in flux conservative form when there are no topographical and rotational terms. In contrast, multilayer isopycnic and isentropic equations used in atmosphere and ocean dynamics, in the absence of topographical and rotational terms, cannot be brought into a conservative flux form, and, hence, cannot be derived directly from the Vlasov equations. Another route is explored, therefore: deriving the Hamiltonian formulation of the two-layer isopycnic and isentropic equations as a restriction from a Hamiltonian formulation of two decoupled Vlasov equations. The work is motivated by our search for energy-preserving or even Hamiltonian (kinetic) numerical schemes.     

Optimal control of non-isothermal viscous fluid flow

For flow inside a four-to-one contraction domain, we minimize the vortex that occurs in the corner region by controlling the heat flux along the corner boundary. The problem of matching a desired temperature along the outflow boundary is also considered. The energy equation is coupled with the mass, momentum, and constitutive equations through the assumption that viscosity depends on temperature. The latter three equations are a non-isothermal version of the three-field Stokes–Oldroyd model, formulated to have the same dependent variable set as the equations governing viscoelastic flow. The state and adjoint equations are solved using the finite element method. Previous efforts in optimal control of fluid flows assume a temperature-dependent Newtonian viscosity when describing the model equations, but make the simplifying assumption of a constant Newtonian viscosity when carrying out computations. This assumption is not made in the current work.     

Rationalized Haar approach for nonlinear constrained optimal control problems

This paper presents a numerical method for solving nonlinear optimal control problems including state and control inequality constraints. The method is based upon rationalized Haar functions. The differential and integral expressions which arise in the system dynamics, the performance index and the boundary conditions are converted into some algebraic equations which can be solved for the unknown coefficients. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

A semi-analytical direct optimal control solution for strongly excited and dissipative Hamiltonian systems

A semi-analytical direct optimal control solution for strongly excited and dissipative Hamiltonian systems is proposed based on the extended Hamiltonian principle, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and its variational integral equation, and the finite time element approximation. The differential extended Hamiltonian equations for structural vibration systems are replaced by the variational integral equation, which can preserve intrinsic system structure. The optimal control law dependent on the value function is determined by the HJB equation so as to satisfy the overall optimality principle. The partial differential equation for the value function is converted into the integral equation with variational weighting. Then the successive solution of optimal control with system state is designed. The two variational integral equations are applied to sequential time elements and transformed into the algebraic equations by using the finite time element approximation. The direct optimal control on each time element is obtained respectively by solving the algebraic equations, which is unconstrained by the system state observed. The proposed control algorithm is applicable to linear and nonlinear systems with the quadratic performance index, and takes into account the effects of external excitations measured on control. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the optimal control effectiveness.     

Optimal Control of Multibody Dynamics with Contact

This work discusses two different structure preserving integrators in the framework of optimal control simulations with contact. The first one is a variational integrator, based on the constrained version of the Lagrange-D'Alembert. The resulting scheme preserves the symplecticity and the momentum maps of the simulated multibody dynamics. The second integrator is an energy momentum scheme and it is based on the augmented Hamiltonian equations, which are discretised using the discrete derivative in [2]. Both integrators are applied to simulate the optimal control of compass gait, for which the contact between the foot and the ground is modelled as perfectly plastic contact. The second example represents a monopedal jumper and it is used to examine the dynamical behaviour of the perfectly elastic and perfectly plastic contact formulation. The resulting differential algebraic equations (DAEs) are solved by the aforementioned symplectic momentum method. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Inflow-outflow problems for Euler equations in a rectangular cylinder

We prove that some inflow-outflow problems for the Euler equations in a (nonsmooth) bounded cylinder admit a regular solution. The problems considered are symmetric hyperbolic systems with partly characteristic and partly noncharacteristic boundary; for such problems, no general theory is available. Therefore, we introduce particular spaces of functions satisfying suitable additional boundary conditions which allow to determine a regular solution by means of a "reflection technique'. Received December 1999     

Acoustic Properties of Continuous and Discrete Models in Fluid Dynamics

The article investigates the propagation of small perturbations in fluids whose dynamics is described by Euler and Navier–Stokes equations or by a quasi-fluid-dynamic system derived from the difference approximation of the Boltzmann equation. The problem of wave reflection from the artificial boundaries of the numerical region is solved using various boundary conditions. The analysis is repeated for difference approximations of fluid-dynamic equations. The procedure is tested for viscous subsonic flow past a plate.     

Hamiltonian formulation of generalized quantum dynamics

The Hamiltonian formulation of the usual complex quantum mechanics in the theory of generalized quantum dynamics is discussed. After the total trace Lagrangian, total trace Hamiltonian and two kinds of Poisson brackets are introduced, both the equations of motion of some total trace functionals which are expressed by total trace Poisson brackets and the equations of motion of some operators which are expressed by the without-total-trace Poisson brackets are obtained. Then a set of basic equations of motion of the usual complex quantum mechanics are obtained, which are also expressed by the Poisson brackets and total trace Hamiltonian in the generalized quantum dynamics. The set of equations of motion are consistent with the corresponding Heisenberg equations. Project supported by Prof. T.D. Lee’s NNSC Grant, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Foundation of Ph. D. Directing Programme of Chinese University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Optimal control of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory

This paper treats a finite time horizon optimal control problem in which the controlled state dynamics are governed by a general system of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory. An infinite dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is derived using a Bellman-type dynamic programming principle. It is shown that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the HJB equation.