Bursting behaviours in cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is studied by numerically solving the Vlasov-Maxwell system. A cascade of stimulated Brillouin scattering can occur when a linearly polarized laser pulse propagates in a plasma. It is found that a stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can reduce the scattering and increase the transmission of light, as well as introduce a bursting behaviour in the evolution of the laser-plasma interaction. The bursting time in the reflectivity is found to be less than half the ion acoustic period. The ion temperature can affect the stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade, which can repeat several ×at low ion temperatures and can be completely eliminated at high ion temperatures. For stimulated Brillouin scattering saturation, higher-harmonic generation and wave-wave interaction of the excited ion acoustic waves can restrict the amplitude of the latter. In addition, stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can restrict the amplitude of the scattered light.     

两种按比例混合颗粒系的多次散射模拟

一种颗粒与其他种类的颗粒混合后, 会使其散射特性发生变化, 本文研究了水云中混有黑炭气溶胶后的散射特性变化. 根据Mie理论计算了水云和黑炭气溶胶散射相函数、单次散射反照率和不对称因子. 给出了混合颗粒系的蒙特卡罗模拟方法, 给出了颗粒碰撞类型抽样、自由程抽样和根据Mie相函数进行散射方向抽样的方法. 计算了光垂直入射时, 水云和黑炭气溶胶混合颗粒系的反射光强随观测角的变化, 并计算了平面反照率随入射角的变化, 讨论了黑炭气溶胶的有效半径、混合比例对整个混合颗粒系散射特性的影响. 计算结果表明, 水云中混合黑炭会加强其吸收, 且黑炭的比例和尺寸不同其散射特性差异较大.     

神光Ⅲ原型装置的黑腔靶背向散射光测量技术

在惯性约束聚变研究中,为研究激光等离子体互作用产生的受激布里渊与受激拉曼散射光(SRS),基于神光Ⅲ原型装置利用新的背向散射诊断系统对真空黑腔靶与充气黑腔靶以及有无束匀滑效果情况下的散射光光谱进行了测量。实验发现,在相同条件下,充气黑腔靶SRS散射光比真空黑腔靶大,在终端光学组件中使用束匀滑效果后也能降低散射光。诊断系统记录的散射光强度及光谱的时间变化过程对研究激光等离子体相互作用提供了重要的数据支撑。     

高非线性微结构光纤中基于受激布里渊散射的慢光延迟

全光连续可调的慢光技术在全光网络和光信息处理等领域具有重要的应用前景. 利用自行设计并拉制的高非线性微结构光纤, 实验研究了基于受激布里渊散射的可调谐慢光延迟. 采用单抽运光和单级延迟方案, 当抽运光功率为162.6 mW时, 在长度为120 m的高非线性微结构光纤中获得了最大76 ns的延迟量, 相当于0.76个脉冲宽度. 通过调节抽运光功率的大小, 可以实现对慢光延迟量的可调谐.该慢光延迟方案具有延迟量大、 全光可调谐及与现有光通信系统兼容等优势. 关键词： 慢光 微结构光纤 受激布里渊散射     

激光陀螺基片散射收集系统的设计与分析

研究了散射测量在激光陀螺用石英基片表面检测中的应用.比较发现,收集物镜比积分球更有利于体散射的消除,更适用于直接检测超光滑石英基片表面的散射测试系统.用ZEMAX设计了散射光收集物镜,使其数值孔径达到了0.4,并完全消除了轴上距离大于1.5 mm的散射点的体散射|为了消除光电倍增管输出本身随时间长漂的问题,设计了特定的散射光收集系统的结构,将散射光和反射光分时打在同一个光电倍增管上.分析发现,这种设置能有效消除光电倍增管输出随时间趋势性漂移的问题,增强了系统长时间的稳定性,有效保障了其工程实用性.     

温度变化对单模石英光纤受激拉曼散射附加峰的影响

用10 m长单模石英光纤进行受激拉曼散射温度特性研究, 实验中发现在泵浦光和一级Stokes左右出现了附加峰(称为双峰), 其峰强度随温度的升高(80～295 K)呈现先增加后减弱现象。当温度达到295 K时, 一级Stokes双峰消失。由受激四光子混频理论计算可知,这种双峰现象是受激四光子混频的结果。同时对SRS一级Stokes所产生的受激四光子混频的Stokes频移随温度升高由706.9 cm-1增大到712.9 cm-1和其半宽度由1.75 nm增至2.18 nm的现象也进行了解释。     

Continuous-wave pumped, all-fiber optical parametric oscillator assisted by stimulated Raman scattering

A continuous-wave pumped, all-fiber optical parametric oscillator (OPO) around 1523 nm based on the mixing interaction of parametric process and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effects are investigated in this paper. We study and give the detailed analysis of the generation and output characteristics of all-fiber OPO with the influence of the SRS effects. Experimental results show that there exists the saturation output effect for this kind of OPO due to the coexistence of first order SRS effect, second order SRS and the optical parametric oscillation. The maximal output power of OPO is about 100 mW as the pump power reaches 1.4 W. Furthermore, a depolarized L-band super-continuum light source from 1570 nm to 1640 nm based on the combined interaction of parametric process and SRS effects can also be obtained.     

微纳粒子光学散射分析

为实现利用光学方式对微纳尺度粒子性质的研究,探讨了亚微米线及亚微米球对光电磁波的散射效应.微纳米尺度粒子的光学散射,散射粒子尺寸与入射光波长尺寸可满足米氏(Mie)散射条件.利用Matlab数值模拟的方式,将分析结果以模拟图的形式清晰地展现出来.满足尺寸条件的层状粒子以及任意多个散射粒子存在时对电磁波的散射都可采用Mie散射分析方法,并且针对多粒子散射,分析了散射体位于不同位置时对散射造成的影响.通过分析光学散射光场相关的微分散射截面及近场散射电磁场分布,可得出散射光场随散射角度的变化趋势,以及散射光场受各类因素的影响,包括入射光偏振态、散射粒子尺寸、散射粒子结构及粒子构成层数、散射粒子数量等的影响,也包括一些隐含因素对散射光场的影响,如散射粒子与周围介质的相对折射率.本文的科学意义体现在:与入射光波长尺寸可比的亚微米尺度的粒子,可用作传感器,对于其位移的探测可通过光学方式来实现,而由于粒子本身特性对散射光的影响具有一定的参考价值,从而使通过光学方式对机械位移的读出具有更高准确度.研究结果对于光学方式探测亚微米线机械振动具有指导意义.     

Stimulated globular scattering of laser radiation in photonic crystals: Temperature dependences

The characteristics of stimulated globular scattering such as the frequency shift, threshold, and conversion efficiency are studied in photonic crystals (synthetic opal matrices and opal nanocomposites) at different temperatures. The results are compared with the study of stimulated Raman scattering in calcite single crystals. In both cases, a decrease in temperature from +20° C to −196° C resulted in an increase in the energy of stimulated scattering energy and its redistribution into the higher-order components.     

沙尘天气下激光信号的传输特性

以小角度近似为条件,利用逐级递归的方法推导了激光信号在沙尘天气下的辐射传输方程,得到了多次散射下的光强分布函数,以及波长和不对称因子对光强的影响。同时,通过比较不同散射相位函数及沙尘粒子的散射特性,采用了修正的TTHG(Two Term Henyey-Greenstein)散射相位函数,更加全面地反映了沙粒散射后光强的变化规律。研究结果表明,随着光学厚度的增加,散射光强呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且多次散射的比重相比于单次散射而言逐渐增大。当散射次数超过3次以上时,接收光强的变化可以忽略不计。相对于Mie理论下的结果而言,采用小角度近似理论,从辐射传输的角度分析沙粒的散射特性误差更小,实现了准确描述沙尘天气下激光信号传输特性的目的。     

水体细菌微生物多波长散射光谱快速定量检测

通过分析细菌细胞的结构特征,将细菌菌体的多波长散射分为外部结构散射和内部结构散射两个部分,建立了细菌菌体前向散射光谱解释模型。利用该模型对大肠杆菌400～900 nm波段的前向散射光进行了快速解析,得到了大肠杆菌外部结构、内部结构的平均粒径大小及两结构占细菌体前向散射的比例;基于单细胞的散射光密度与整体细菌悬浮液光密度之间的关系可以快速检测出细菌的浓度。多次细菌浓度测量结果之间的最大差异为1.83%,且与平板法相比较,测量结果在同一量级,相对误差为3.44%。对不同生长时期的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行了光谱解析,得到了两种细菌浓度及菌体大小随时间的变化曲线。研究结果不仅为细菌微生物生长过程的科学研究提供了一种快捷方法,而且为水体细菌微生物的快速检测与预警提供了技术手段。     

Monte Carlo simulation of the interaction between an ultra-short pulse and a strongly scattering medium: The case of large particles

Simulations of the transmission of a short light pulse (50 fs) through a strongly scattering medium constituted by water droplets (50-150 μm diameter) are presented. Temporal emerging signals are computed using a Monte Carlo technique. In case of large particles with respect to the pulse duration, the time delay related to the interaction between light and individual particles has to be taken into account, in addition to the time delay related to the travel of light between particles. After careful comparisons with temporal Lorenz-Mie theory, it has been chosen to pre-calculate scattering characteristics of individual droplets using Debye series. Transmitted signals in forward direction and in a small temporal window (0-400 fs) are presented, showing that temporal information on particle size are still observable facing strongly scattering media.     

非线性光纤环镜在受激布里渊散射慢光级联系统中的可行性研究

基于非线性光纤环镜(NOLM)的脉冲压缩特性,分析了NOLM在基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)慢光级联系统中对延迟脉冲的影响.利用环形结构来模拟多次级联,有效地降低了系统的复杂度,得到了在不同抽运光功率和级联次数下脉冲的延迟输出特性.理论分析表明,NOLM可以有效地抑制SBS慢光级联系统中延迟脉冲的展宽,抽运光功率决定了展宽因子的变化趋势及最终稳定值的大小,展宽因子在级联4次时趋于稳定值,恰当选取抽运光功率可实现脉冲的零展宽延迟;改变抽运光功率和级联次数可以实现延迟量的连续可调,且延迟量理论上不受限制;增大抽 关键词： 慢光 脉冲压缩 非线性光纤环镜 受激布里渊散射     

油砂混合水体后向散射系数光谱贡献分离算法Ⅰ: 实验理论

在石油类污染水体中,油会吸附在悬浮颗粒物表面而形成一个双层结构,影响水体后向散射系数光谱特征, 分离水体石油类物质与悬浮颗粒物对后向散射系数光谱的贡献, 能提高水体石油类污染后向散射理论模型的准确性。将美国Wyatt公司生产DAWN HELEOS Ⅱ18角度散射测量仪、美国SEQUOIA公司生产的LISST-100x B粒径仪和美国Hobilabs公司的后向散射仪HydroScat-6 Sprctral Backscattering Sensor(HS6)联动观测,构成后向散射系数光谱测量系统,分别测量不同水样的散射强度电压值、粒径分布及粒径浓度、后向散射系数等参数,提出了利用Mie散射理论计算未知折射系数物质的体散射函数β(λ,θ)的新思路及分离后向散射系数光谱的算法。选择已知折射系数m的石英砂作为颗粒物与采自不同油田区域的油污水进行配比,获取不同特性水样,测定相关数据。首先, 根据Mie散射理论计算出各样本对应的水体体积散射函数β(λ,θ);其次,建立的DAWN HELEOS Ⅱ 18角度激光散射仪测定散射强度对应的电压值V(θ)转化为体积散射函数β(λ,θ)的关系式;再次,根据最优化方法估算出油砂混合的等效折射系数m_os以及油的折射系数m_o;最后,利用β(λ,θ)和估算的m_os值及m_o计算出各类样本的后向散射系数b_b(λ),分别建立油污水b_b,o(λ)和石英砂b_b,s(λ)与油砂混合总b_b,os(λ)的分离算法。分离算法的建立一方面提高了水体石油类污染后向散射理论模型的准确性,另外一方面拓展了米散射理论在海洋水色遥感中的应用。     

Raman Scattering in Light and Heavy Waters

We present the results of an experimental study of the spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectra and luminescence spectra of light and heavy waters. Also we investigate various samples of light water. We show the possibility of using spectral methods to detect impurities in water and determine the degree of its structuredness, which can serve as an additional criterion of the water quality. We find a fine structure in the SRS spectrum of heavy water in the low-frequency region.     

类胡萝卜素的分子光谱研究

类胡萝卜素是含有9个CC共轭双键的短链多烯类生物分子. 特殊的分子结构, 使其不仅在光采集, 光防护, 防癌, 抗癌等生物学领域有重要应用, 而且在分子导线, 光开关, 滤光器等光电器件研制中也有重要的非生物学应用. 本文对它的分子光谱进行研究和总结, 结果表明, 类胡萝卜素具有宽带荧光, 将其用于荧光增强受激拉曼散射可以获得宽带受激拉曼散射; 电子能隙随温度降低而收缩, 电子吸收光谱红移, 这特性使它能研制优质半导体元件; 极大的拉曼活性和三阶非线性系数, CC键基频拉曼散射截面可以比普通分子大10个数量级, 和频、倍频拉曼散射强度也很高, 低温下与基频强度比可达0.5. 类胡萝卜素分子的这些光谱特性对多烯类分子结构、性能研究及其在非生物学中的应用有重要参数价值.     

水下光场的迭代求解

水体对光线的散射是水下图像质量劣化的重要因素,为了定量分析在特定光源照射下水体散射的影响,建立了光线水下传输的散射模型,以此为基础推导出求解水下光场分布的Fredholm积分方程.在水中光线能量随距离的增大呈指数规律衰减,基于此,在水体体散射函数为常数的情况下,给出了有边界条件时该积分方程的数值迭代求解方法,得到高精度...     

Stimulated Raman scattering of light in artificial opal filled by water

We investigate stimulated scattering of light in globular photonic crystals infiltrated by water. Excitation of stimulated scattering of light is realized using powerful ultrashort (70 ps) laser pulses with an energy of 35 mJ and a frequency repetition of 15 Hz. We use the second-harmonic generation (532 nm) of the master oscillator and amplifier with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The photonic crystals under study are artificial opals filled by water or ethanol. We characterize the sample structures employing an electronic microscope along with the fiber-optics reflectance-spectroscopy technique. Photonic crystals have a stop band near the spectral positions of the exciting line (532 nm) and the first satellite of stimulated Raman scattering of light in water (649 nm). We observe a substantial reduction of the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering of light in water-infiltrated artificial-opal matrices in comparison with that of pure water. Such a reduction is explained as the result of a sharp increase in the photonic density of states near the stop-band edges of investigated photonic crystals. The reduction in the threshold of stimulated Raman scattering of light in water-infiltrated artificial-opal matrices opens up the opportunity to observe stimulated Raman scattering in numerous water media, including water solutions, biological and medical samples, heavy waters, and others.     

Spin-flip Raman laser

The properties of the spin-flip Raman laser (SFR laser) which depend on stimulated Raman scattering from mobile conduction electrons in InSb under an external magnetic field are presented. The essential parameters are derived from a macroscopic treatment of the stimulated Raman effect and the microscopic theory of the scattering cross-section, and are compared with experimental results. Output pulse powers as large as 1 kW have been measured for 10.6 and 5.3 μm excitation radiation and continuous powers of 1 W for continuous excitation with a 5.3 μm pump source. The SFR laser offers some interesting applications in physics and chemistry, since its frequency is proportional to the applied magnetic field and its linewidth can be made smaller than 1 kHz.     

基于RSP的植被多角度偏振特性研究

偏振探测能够获取新的反应目标属性的信息。相对于传统遥感观测,多角度偏振信息具有更稳定的相关性和规律性。植被是地表最典型的地物之一,利用光与植被相互作用后表现出的偏振特性可以进行植被相关性质研究。RSP（research scanning polarimeter）是美国研制的星载偏振遥感探测器APS(aerosol polarimetery sensor)的原型样机,提供有九个光谱偏振通道,通过对航空飞行试验获取的扫描偏振数据预处理得到的稳定的多角度、多波段偏振探测信息分析,可以得到植被的光学特性和微物理特性。以植被密集区、植被稀疏区（接近裸地）为研究对象,根据仪器飞行时姿态信息进行配准,对比分析了可见光波段和近红外波段在-30°和65°观测天顶角下的强度反射特性和偏振反射特性。结果表明,植被密集区和植被稀疏区在不同的观测角度均表现出规律的偏振度特性,偏振反射在接近热点区域能量小,相比于常规强度反射在接近热点区域反射能量大,可有效防止因反射能量过强影响探测器的稳定性,根据在可见光波段植被密集区偏振度高于植被稀疏区,在近红外波段植被密集区偏振度低于植被稀疏区的反射特性,说明探测器在研究区域的植被密集区接收的可见光波段信号以单次散射为主而在近红外波段以多次散射为主。