重组人B淋巴细胞刺激因子的激光拉曼光谱

人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BAFF)是一种由285个氨基酸组成的Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白质,我们测试了重组的人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(r-BAFF)固体粉末和水溶液的拉曼光谱,通过分析酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ的拉曼特征谱带,判断出重组的人B淋巴细胞刺激因子(r-BAFF)固体粉末状态下构象全为β-折叠结构和β-回转结构,而在水溶液中的二级结构主要仍为β-折叠结构和β-回转结构,另外可能有少量的α-螺旋结构。同时对其侧链构象及环境也做了初步分析。     

拉曼除谱原位测量水溶液中蛋白质的酰胺A谱带

蛋白质的酰胺A谱带对蛋白质的酰胺氢键结构很敏感. 然而由于该谱带和水的OH伸缩振动谱带严重重叠,导致在蛋白质水溶液中原位测量酰胺A谱带依旧很困难. 我们提出了一种新的分析方法用于原位测量水溶液中的酰胺A谱带. 这个方法称为拉曼除谱法. 将蛋白质水溶液光谱除以纯水光谱即可获得拉曼除谱. 利用数值模拟从数学上肯定了使用拉曼除谱可以直接获得酰胺A谱带. 我们还通过测量溶菌酶和α-糜蛋白酶的固体和水溶液的拉曼光谱,这些光谱也证实了可以通过拉曼除谱法直接获取酰胺A谱带. 利用拉曼除谱还分析了溶菌酶的热变性过程. 这些研究表明拉曼除谱可以原位地表征水溶液中的蛋白质酰胺A谱带.     

鲱精蛋白与鲱精酮蛋白结构的拉曼光谱研究

鲱精蛋白和鲱精酮蛋白的拉曼光谱研究表明它们的结构有明显的不同之处：（１）鲱精蛋白的二级结构以α－螺旋为主，鲱精酮蛋白以α－螺旋和β－折叠为主。（２）两者有不同之处除构象灵敏的酰胺Ⅲ，Ｃ－Ｃ，Ｃ－Ｎ基团以外还有构象不灵敏的与Ｏ＝Ｃ－Ｎ，Ｎ－Ｈ和Ｃ＝Ｏ有关的酰胺Ⅳ，Ⅴ，Ⅵ。（３）属于甲基、亚甲基的一系列谱线的变化明显。上述３点均说明了鲱精蛋白转氨后发生了构型的变化。与“蛋白质Ｎ端除去氨基以后生成ＲＣＯＣＯＮＨ酮肽相联基团”的研究结果一致     

不同类型的金属硫蛋白的振动光谱的观测

作者对金属硫蛋白 ( MT)进行了分离 ,得到了单一的 MT- 和 MT- 组份 ,并用傅立叶变换拉曼和傅立叶变换红外光谱测定了它们的二级结构。对两者的谱图加以分析 ,发现MT- 和 MT- 的振动光谱在酰胺 带和酰胺 带范围内有较明显的区别 ,而它们在金属簇结构范围内的振动无明显差异     

拉曼光谱和DFT分析吡嗪酰胺和2.5-双羟基苯甲酸共晶体

药物共晶可以改善药物活性成分的物理化学性质,这一特性使其在改善药物性质特征方面具体很大的应用潜力。我们小组用拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)技术对吡嗪酰胺(Pyrazinamide,PZA)、2.5-双羟基苯甲酸(2.5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,2.5-DHBA)及其研磨和溶剂共晶体进行表征分析。该光谱显示了拉曼光谱可以有效鉴别吡嗪酰胺、2.5-双羟基苯甲酸及其共晶体。运用密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT)对吡嗪酰胺和2.5-双羟基苯甲酸的两种可能结构进行结构优化和光谱模拟。结果显示理论形式A与实验结果很好的拟合。推断共晶体氢键的形成位置为2.5-双羟基苯甲酸中羧基O16和吡嗪酰胺上H10,该处形成第一处氢键,而2.5-双羟基苯甲酸中羧基H15和吡嗪酰胺上O11形成第二处氢键。     

表面增强拉曼光谱对于蛋白质二级结构的酰胺III谱带表征

本文利用斜角沉积法制备银纳米棒阵列基底用于蛋白质二级结构的检测,结合酰胺Ⅲ谱带光谱分析,建立了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)蛋白质二级结构的表征方法.用这种方法获得了两种典型蛋白质(溶菌酶和细胞色素C)的SERS信号.通过分析蛋白质骨架酰胺Ⅲ的光谱,研究了浓度对蛋白质折叠状态的影响.结果表明在一定范围内随着浓度的增加,溶菌酶的α-螺旋结构和β-折叠结构成分增加,而细胞色素C的二级结构基本保持不变.     

核糖核酸酶溶液的拉曼光谱研究

报道了用硝基苯萃取处理前后的核糖核酸酶溶液的拉曼光谱。对其主链构象和侧链构象进行了分析,指出酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅱ中β一折迭和无规卷曲的构象较为明显,二硫桥键的构象是扭式—扭式—扭式,酪氨酸残基有部分是“埋藏”的。同时指出用硝基苯萃取处理蛋白质溶液是获得高质量拉曼谱图的一个简明有效的方法。     

碳纳米管和高取向热解石墨的拉曼光谱对比研究

同时测量了碳纳米管（Ｄ－ＣＮＴ）和高取向热解石墨（ＨＯＰＧ）的拉曼光谱，第一次分别在ＨＯＰＧ和Ｄ－ＣＮＴ中观察到了位于４２６５ｃｍ－１和４２４８ｃｍ－１的（Ｇ＋Ｄ＊）三级模的拉曼散射；拉曼谱的研究显示，Ｄ－ＣＮＴ的结构比ＨＯＰＧ的无序，同时也进一步表明此无序程度主要来源于结构的缺陷，而非石墨层卷曲成筒状之故     

表面增强拉曼光谱对于蛋白质二级结构的酰胺Ⅲ谱带表征（英文）

本文利用斜角沉积法制备银纳米棒阵列基底用于蛋白质二级结构的检测,结合酰胺Ⅲ谱带光谱分析,建立了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)蛋白质二级结构的表征方法.用这种方法获得了两种典型蛋白质(溶菌酶和细胞色素C)的SERS信号.通过分析蛋白质骨架酰胺Ⅲ的光谱,研究了浓度对蛋白质折叠状态的影响.结果表明在一定范围内随着浓度的增加,溶菌酶的α-螺旋结构和β-折叠结构成分增加,而细胞色素C的二级结构基本保持不变.     

基于深度学习的冠状病毒刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰的理论研究

持续一年的新冠疫情对全球的经济造成了巨大破坏,为了有效控制新冠疫情,快速检测新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是一个急需解决的问题。新冠病毒的刺突蛋白(spikeprotein)是拉曼光谱技术检测新冠病毒的检测点,构建刺突蛋白拉曼特征峰模型对于发展拉曼检测技术快速检测新冠病毒具有重要作用。基于简化的激子模型,利用深度神经网络技术,构建了刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰模型,并结合已知可以感染人类的七种冠状病毒(HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2)刺突蛋白的实验结构,分析了七种冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰的区别。计算结果表明,七种冠状病毒可以根据毒刺突蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ特征峰划分为四个组：SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV形成一个组;HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63形成一个组;HCoV-229E和HCoV-OC43各自独立形成一个组。相同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰频率较为接近,通过酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅲ峰的频率较难区分刺突蛋白;不同组的冠状病毒刺突蛋白酰胺...     

胰蛋白酶溶液的激光拉曼谱

胰蛋白酶溶液的激光拉曼谱柯惟中，余多慰（南京师范大学南京２１００９７）ＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒａｏｆＴｒｙｐｓｉｎｉｎＡｑｕｅｏｕｓＳｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ￥ＫｅＷｅｉｚｈｏｎｇａｎｄＹｕＤｕｏｗｅｉ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＮａｊｉｎｇ...     

Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of L,D-Dipeptides

Raman and infrared spectra of Boc-D-Leu-L-Leu-OMe, Boc-L-Ile-D-aIle-OMe and its N-deuterated derivative have been obtained. Normal mode frequencies on the models of these dipeptides have been calculated and the conformationally sensitive amide I, II, III and V modes are compared with the experimentally observed frequencies. The calculated frequencies are in good agreement with the observed frequencies. It is observed that the amide frequencies in these dipeptides are not very sensitive to their backbone conformation. This is in contrast to the well established conformational dependence of the amide modes in peptides, polypeptides and proteins. The normal mode calculations on these peptides also show absence of mixing in amide I and II modes, and hence lack of appreciable splitting in these modes due to transition dipole coupling.

     

基于氮化碳量子点和金纳米簇的尿液中胰蛋白酶高灵敏度荧光检测研究

胰蛋白酶生产障碍会阻碍消化过程,在胰腺组织以外产生胰蛋白酶可能涉及癌症过程。胰蛋白酶明显增高可能表明胰腺炎或者慢性肾功能衰竭等病症的发生,它的含量与生命活动息息相关,简单并及时监测胰蛋白酶含量对疾病的诊断具有重要的参考价值。因此,该研究构建氮化碳量子点和金纳米簇（CNQDs和AuNCs）的复合纳米探针检测尿液中胰蛋白酶含量。通过煅烧三聚氰胺获得氮化碳粉末,并将氮化碳粉末作为原材料通过溶剂热法合成了发射峰在440 nm的类石墨相氮化碳量子点（CNQDs）。牛血清蛋白（BSA）和CNQDs两者同时作为还原剂和稳定剂合成了金纳米簇（AuNCs）,且AuNCs吸附在氮化碳量子点表面形成具有双发射性质的CNQD-AuNCs复合荧光纳米材料,发射波长分别为440 nm（CNQD的发射波长）和650 nm（AuNC的发射波长）。由于胰蛋白酶能特异性的水解CNQD-AuNCs中的牛血清蛋白,导致牛血清蛋白结构被破坏,从而破坏AuNCs稳定的结构,使得其沉淀聚集,引起荧光猝灭。由于AuNCs产生的650 nm处的荧光被猝灭,而CNQDs产生的440 nm处的荧光不受影响,CNQD-AuNCs复合荧光纳米探针产生比率型荧光信号响应。利用比率型荧光信号的变化情况,可实现胰蛋白酶的定量检测。CNQD-AuNCs探针在650 nm处的荧光强度随着胰蛋白酶浓度的增加而逐渐下降,而440 nm处的荧光强度保持不变。胰蛋白酶在一定浓度下（10～400 ng·mL-1）与荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）呈良好的线性关系,建立的线性方程为y=2.471-0.004x[y为荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）,x为胰蛋白酶的浓度（ng·mL-1）],相关系数（R2）高达0.997 6,检测限为1.5 ng·mL-1（3倍信噪比）。利用建立的荧光法检测尿液中胰蛋白酶（实际含量分别为50,100和150 ng·mL-1）,检测得到的平均含量分别为52.41,103.25和154.39 ng·mL-1。尿液中胰蛋白酶的回收率和相对标准偏差范围分别为102.93%～104.82%和3.57%～4.16%。结果表明,利用荧光强度比值（I₆₅₀/I₄₄₀）作为胰蛋白酶定量检测的信号,能够校正外界影响因素的干扰,克服单一荧光信号易受光漂白、探针浓度、激发光强度以及光程等外界因素的影响的缺点。基于CNQD-AuNCs建立的比率型荧光分析方法能够实现尿液中胰蛋白酶的高灵敏度和高特异性检测,为实际样品中胰蛋白酶的检测提供科学依据。     

Collagen type I amide I band infrared spectroscopy

Collagen fiber structure and organization have been found to vary in different tendon types. Differences have been reported in the FT-IR spectra of the amide I band of collagen-containing structures. In the present study, the FT-IR spectral characteristics of the amide I band of the bovine flexor tendon and the extended rat tail tendon were compared by using the diamond attenuated total reflectance technique. The objective was to associate FT-IR spectral characteristics in tendons with their different collagen fiber supraorganization and biomechanical properties. Nylon 6 and poly-L-lysine were used as polyamide models. Each of these materials was found to exhibit molecular order and crystallinity, as revealed by their birefringence. The following FT-IR parameters were evaluated: amide I band profile, absorption peaks and areas, and the 1655 cm?1/1690 cm?1 absorbance ratio. The amide I area and the 1655 cm?1/1690 cm?1 absorbance ratio were significantly higher for the bovine flexor tendon, indicating that its collagen fibers are richer in pyridinoline-type cross-linking, proline and/or hydroxyproline and H-bonding, and that these fibers are more packed and supraorganizationally ordered than those in the rat tail tendon. This conclusion is additionally supported by differences in collagen solubility and biochemical/biomechanical properties of the tendons.     

Shape-controlled synthesis of protein-conjugated CdS nanocrystals (NCs) and study on the binding of Cd<Superscript>2+</Superscript>/CdS to trypsin

Protein-conjugated CdS nanocrystals (NCs) with different morphology have been synthesized under biomimetic condition using trypsin as capping agent in aqueous medium. The reaction parameters including concentration of trypsin, pH value, reaction time, and temperature have a major influence on the morphology and optical property of CdS NCs. XRD, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), TEM, HRTEM, and EDS characterizations were used to investigate the structure, composition, morphology, and size of as-prepared products. The binding reaction between Cd²⁺/CdS and trypsin was investigated systematically through various spectroscopic methods. UV-vis, FT-IR, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and conductivity analysis of Cd²⁺-trypsin suggest that Cd²⁺ ions could coordinate with the functional groups of trypsin and induce the formation of unfolding and loosening structure in protein molecules, and the change of protein conformation was also verified by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. This interaction increased local supersaturation of Cd²⁺ ions around the groups of trypsin and reduced the nucleation activation energy of CdS nuclei, which favored heterogeneous nucleation in trypsin matrix and resulted in the formation of inorganic-organic hybrid materials. The functional integrity of the enzyme conjugated to CdS NCs was studied by monitoring the enzymatic activity of CdS-trypsin conjugates. The fluorescence of CdS NCs is dependent strongly on trypsin which passivates the surface of NCs.     

Luminescence quenching effect for the interaction of prulifloxacin with trypsin-Britton-Robinson buffer solution system

Prulifloxacin is a kind of new oral taking antibiotic of fluoroquinolone. Conjugation reaction of prulifloxacin with trypsin in Britton-Robinson buffer solution of pH 7.96 was analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrometry. The intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin was strongly quenched by prulifloxacin. This effect was rationalized in terms of a static quenching procedure. The binding parameters have been evaluated by fluorescence quenching methods. Negative values ΔG⁰ for the formation of prulifloxacin-trypsin complex implied that both hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions might play a significant role in prulifloxacin binding to trypsin. The binding distance deduced from the efficiency of energy transfer was 0.84 nm for prulifloxacin-trypsin. Furthermore, association constants and binding mechanism were successfully derived from the fluorescence spectra. UV-vis detections supported a change in the secondary structure of proteins caused by the interaction of prulifloxacin with trypsin.     

Potential influence on drug efficacy from interaction of tartrazine and trypsin

The extent to which drugs combine with trypsin is influenced by the interaction of tartrazine and trypsin, which may cause overdose or underdose of drugs. Therefore, the interaction of tartrazine and trypsin is investigated by methods of spectrometry in this paper. The binding rate of tartrazine to trypsin is 80.95–95.71% at 310?K, and Hill’s coefficients are almost 1. The effect of tartrazine on trypsin structure was studied by synchronous and circular dichroism. The results showed that the binding of tartrazine and trypsin induced the conformational change of trypsin, and quenched the endogenous fluorescence in trypsin. The results of molecular docking revealed that tartrazine is located in the catalytic active site of trypsin, and is consistent with that of experimental calculation.     

The effect of nitrobenzene on the Raman spectra of ribonuclease in aqueous solution

The Raman spectra of the native ribonuclease treated with nitrobenzene in aqueous solution have been obtianed. The conformation of the main chain and the side chain in ribonuclease were studied. Among the amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅲ bands, the characters of β-sheet and random coil structures are clear. The disulfide bridges assume the gauche-gauche-gauche conformation. The parts of tyrosine residue are buried. It indicates that nitrobenzene treatment on protein aqueous solution is an efficient means for obtaining better Raman spectra.     

绿色木霉纤维素酶分子内氢键特征的研究

运用能够揭示蛋白质分子基团振动特征的激光拉曼光谱分析技术,对绿色木霉纤维素酶中的CBHⅡ在固态以及两种pH值的液态中酶分子内的氢键状态进行了分析。结果表明相对于纤维素酶固体干粉,液态中酶分子酰胺Ⅰ羰基氧原子作为氢键质子受体的能力为上升;酰胺Ⅱ与酰胺Ⅰ的β结构特征峰变化倾向相似。在3种样品中,酶蛋白中Trp均为强氢键供体,从成键能力方面证实了以往同类酶空间分析的结果。固体与pH 6.0水溶液酶蛋白中酪氨酸酚羟基成键能力也是强的。根据游离巯基分析可以判断绿色木霉CBHⅡ的成熟肽CBD与瑞氏木霉CBHⅡ的CBD有相似的二硫键构成。     

聚己内酰胺-锌盐相互作用的研究

本文用X 射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了聚己内酰胺与氯化锌的相互作用。实验结果表明 ,当把聚己内酰胺的甲酸溶液加入饱和氯化锌水溶液 ,沉淀析出物与在纯水中析出的聚己内酰胺有明显的不同。X 射线衍射结果表明在纯水中沉淀析出的聚己内酰胺分子链发生结晶而在饱和氯化锌水溶液中析出的聚己内酰胺却未观察到尖锐衍射峰。红外光谱研究证明 ,在饱和氯化锌水溶液中析出的聚己内酰胺中所含的锌离子与酰胺基团发生相互作用 ,致使酰胺Ⅰ ,Ⅱ带发生巨大变化。酰胺Ⅰ带发生红移证明锌离子与酰胺基团上的羰基发生络合配位 ,这种作用抑制尼龙分子链之间通过CO和N—H基团形成氢键 ,阻碍聚己内酰胺分子的自由运动和整齐堆砌 ,从而使尼龙无法结晶。尼龙与锌盐之间的这种相互作用可能为发展一种尼龙加工制造新方法提供种新的机会。