Nan(5≤n≤10)小团簇相变

采用紧束缚的分子动力学模型,对Nan(5≤n≤10)小团簇的键长涨落、势能、热容量等熔化性质在50 K～1500 K温区进行了模拟研究,结果表明:它们发生两次相变,一种在230 K～300 K的温度范围内,依次有块体玻璃态转变;一种在550 K～870 K温度段,依次经历了熔化相变.同时也得到随着团簇体系的减小,势能由下向上排列的曲线,即体系的势能由低变高.     

Tin-mZrmO2n(n=2-7，0≤m≤n)团簇结构和稳定性研究

应用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法对Tin-mZrmO2n (n = 2-7,0≤m≤n) 团簇的基态几何结构、相对稳定性和电子结构进行了理论研究.结果表明,与桥氧链接的Ti原子被Zr原子取代后形成的混合团簇较为稳定;在团簇尺寸一定的条件下（即n相同）,随着Zr原子数m的增加,团簇的结合能基本呈线性增大,团簇的稳定性增强;Ti、Zr、O原子之间发生了电荷转移现象,形成了稳定的Ti-O-Zr键.     

46≤Z≤55类镍离子n＝4、△n＝0跃迁的计算

通过能级的实验值与ＨＦＲ方法的理论值之差沿等电子序列进行最小二乘拟合的方法，对４６≤Ｚ≤５０的类镍离子３ｄ￣９４ｓ、３ｄ￣９４ｐ、３ｄ￣９４ｄ组态及５１≤Ｚ≤５５的类镍离子３ｄ￣９４ｄ、３ｄ￣９４ｐ组态能级进行计算。根据能级的拟合值算出相应的电偶极跃迁的谱线波长，并给出各谱线的ＨＦＲ理论振子强度。     

38≤Z≤42类钴离子n =3、Δn=0跃迁的理论计算

用多组态自洽场方法,结合作者提出的半经验拟合公式,首先对38≤Z≤42类钴离子3p63d9,3p53d10,3p63d84p组态的能级进行计算,然后根据能级值算出相应的电偶极跃迁的谱线波长,并给出各谱线的HFR振子强度。     

38≤Z≤42类钴离子n=3,△n=0跃迁的理论计算

用多组态自洽场方法,结合作提出的半经验拟合公式,首先对３８≤Ｚ≤４２类钴离子３ｐ＾６３ｄ＾９,３ｐ＾５３ｄ＾１０,３ｐ＾６３ｄ＾８４ｐ组态的能级进行计算,然后根据能级值算出相应的电偶极跃迁的谱线波长,并给出各谱线的ＨＦＲ振子强度。     

Ti_(n-m)Zr_mO_(2n)(n=2-7,0≤m≤n)团簇结构和稳定性研究

应用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法对Ti_(n-m)Zr_mO_(2n)(n=2-7,0≤m≤n)团簇的基态几何结构、相对稳定性和电子结构进行了理论研究.结果表明,与桥氧链接的Ti原子被Zr原子取代后形成的混合团簇较为稳定;在团簇尺寸一定的条件下(即n相同),随着Zr原子数m的增加,团簇的结合能基本呈线性增大,团簇的稳定性增强;Ti、Zr、O原子之间发生了电荷转移现象,形成了稳定的Ti-O-Zr键.     

(CoAl)n (1 ≤ n ≤ 6)合金团簇的结构、稳定性和磁性理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似 (DFT-GGA)对(CoAl)n (1≤n≤6)合金团簇的几何、电子结构和磁性进行了系统的研究。计算结果表明(CoAl)n (1≤n≤6)合金团簇在基态附近出现许多能量十分接近的低能量态,有能量简并态存在,表现出经典的过渡金属密堆积结构;同时在(CoAl)5和(CoAl)6团簇中,有磁性双稳态存在。合金团簇的结合能随着团簇尺寸的增大而增大。CoAl团簇获得了最大的带隙,表现出强的化学惰性,带隙在n>3之后出现明显的奇偶变化规律,且整体呈下降趋势,这种现象源于团簇中共价键、离子键的相互竞争。(CoAl)n ( 1≤n≤6)的总磁矩随尺寸大小呈半梯形状的变化趋势,其中CoAl团簇的磁矩为2 μB,(CoAl)2,(CoAl)3 磁矩为4μB,(CoAl)4,(CoAl)5,(CoAl)6 为6μB,这种磁性变化规律在文中也从磁序排列、电荷转移以及自旋极化等方面进行了详细讨论。     

Rydberg excitations in rare gas clusters: structure and electronic spectra of Ar* n (3 ≤ n ≤ 25)

Likely candidates are located for the global potential energy minima of Ar* _n (3 ≤ n ≤ 25) clusters using the diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) approach. The favoured geometries are found to be different from the structures of Ar⁺ _n and correspond to the trimer Ar*₃ bound to the surface of an Ar _n?2 core via a common atom. The Ar _n?2 core is usually only slightly distorted from its own global potential minimum, although in a few cases it corresponds to a nearby local minimum. Therefore, the ‘magic’ sizes of the excimer systems are predicted to differ from those of the ions and correlate instead with the stability of Ar _n?2. The predicted electronic photoabsorption and emission spectra of Ar* _n , and photoexcitation spectra of Ar _n are discussed in terms of experimental data. Global potential energy minima for neutral Ar _n up to n = 55 with the Aziz potential are summarized also; the structure is the same as for the Lennard-Jones potential except at n = 21 where the stabilities of the two lowest Lennard-Jones minima are reversed.     

Atomic structure of Pdn (4 ≤ n ≤ 15) nanoclusters

The results of molecular dynamics simulation of the process of atom-by-atom growth of palladium nanoparticles are presented. The structures obtained for the Pd _n clusters agree well with the results of the first-principles calculations. The low-symmetry atomic configurations for the structure of the Pd₄ and Pd₁₃ clusters have been obtained using the semiempirical potentials of the interatomic interaction for the first time.     

Nin(n≤8)团簇的结构

用高斯程序的B3LYP交换相关函数和全电子基组DGDZVP、TZVP优化Ni_n、Ni_n⁺和Ni_n^-(n=2~8),得到这些体系的基态几何构型、离化能、电子亲和能及键能.结果表明:Ni₂,Ni₃,Ni₄,Ni₅和Ni₆团簇的基态分别是5,7,9,11和13重态.表明:Ni₂,Ni₃,Ni₄,Ni₅和Ni₆团簇中分别有4,6,8,10和12个平行自旋的电子,在每一个Ni_n团簇中非耦合的电子最多,这些电子占据不同的轨道,导致每一个Ni_n团簇的能量最小,说明在这些Ni_n团簇中电子平行的效应大于电子耦合的效应,这显然与d电子的离域效应有关,称为自旋极化效应,符合宏特规则.Ni_n、Ni_n⁺和Ni_n^-(n=2~8)体系的磁矩分别是Ni_n具有8μ_B(n=6~8),Ni_n⁺具有9μ_B(n=6~8),Ni_n具有7μ_B(n=4~8).     

（AgBr）n（n≤6）团簇的从头计算研究

利用遗传算法结合经验势对（AgBr）n（n≤6）的稳定蛄构进行了全面搜索，对较稳定的结构利用DFT方法进行了优化，给出了比文献报道更稳定的结构，并对其电子性质进行了研究。     

(AgBr)n(n≤6)团簇的从头计算研究

利用遗传算法结合经验势对(AgBr)n(n≤6)的稳定结构进行了全面搜索,对较稳定的结构利用DFT方法进行了优化,给出了比文献报道更稳定的结构,并对其电子性质进行了研究.     

Mg_n(2≤n≤15)的几何结构和振动频率及光谱研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法计算了Mgn(2≤n≤15)团簇的键长、能量、二阶能量差分、配位数、能隙、光谱等性质,找到了Mgn(2≤n≤15)团簇的较稳定结构并确定幻数团簇,然后对这些稳定结构进行光谱分析。采用3-21g和lanl2dz一大一小两种基组分别进行计算,结果表明,两种基组计算结果在基态结构上相差不大,只有二阶能量差分有较小的区别,lanl2dz基组计算的键长偏长;Mg4、Mg10、Mg15为较稳定结构,其中Mg4、Mg10为幻数团簇;除Mg2之外,其他团簇都有红外、拉曼活性;对稳定结构的光谱分析发现,Mg10的红外谱峰最多,Mg15的光谱强度最大。     

Energy levels of ls2n d （n ≤ 9） states for lithium-like ions

The full-core plus correlation method with multi-configuration interaction wave functions is extended to the calcu- lation of the non-relativistic energies of ls2nd （n ≤9） states for the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z = 11 to 20. Relativistic and mass-polarization effects on the energy are calculated as the first-order perturbation correction. The quantum-electrodynamics correction is also included. The fine structure splittings are determined from the expectation values of spin-orbit and spin-other-orbit interaction operators in the Pauli-Breit approximation. Combining the term energies of lowly excited states obtained with the quantum defects calculated by the single channel quantum defect theory, each of which is a smooth function of energy and approximated by a weakly varying function of energy, the ion potentials of highly excited states （n ≥ 6） are obtained with the semi-empirical iteration method. The results are compared with experimental data in the literature and found to be closely consistent with the regularity.     

Photoabsorption Spectra of Sin and SinO （n ≤5）

The photoabsorption spectra have been calculated for Si_n and Si_nO (n < 5) clusters using time-dependent density-function theory. Our studies suggest that Si_n-1O clusters are relatively stable than those of corresponding Si_n clusters. Moreover, substantial differences are observed among the absorption spectra of different molecules in the energy region (0~ 8 eV). Comparing two different exchange-correlation potentials, local-density and generalized-gradient approximations, bothcalculated optical spectra present the same spectral feature.     

Static dipole polarizabilities of Scn （n ≤15） clusters

The static dipole polarizabilities of scandium clusters with up to 15 atoms are determined by using the numerically finite field method in the framework of density functional theory. The electronic effects on the polarizabilities are investigated for the scandium clusters. We examine a large highest occupied molecular orbital --- the lowest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO--LUMO) gap of a scandium cluster usually corresponds to a large dipole moment. The static polarizability per atom decreases slowly and exhibits local minimum with increasing cluster size. The polarizability anisotropy and the ratio of mean static polarizability to the HOMO--LUMO gap can also reflect the cluster stability. The polarizability of the scandium cluster is partially related to the HOMO--LUMO gap and is also dependent on geometrical characteristics. A strong correlation between the polarizability and ionization energy is observed.     

CdnSen（1≤n≤12）团簇结构与电子性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对CdnSen（1≤n≤12）团簇的几何结构进行优化,并对其能量、频率以及电子性质进行了模拟分析. 结果表明, 当n=1～3时,团簇的最低能量结构是平面结构, Cd-Se键长是影响硒化镉团簇总能量的重要因素;当n=4～12时,团簇的最低能量结构可以看成是由Cd2Se2和Cd3Se3团簇的最低能量结构连接而成的三维结构,而Se-Cd-Se键角是影响硒化镉团簇总能量的主要因素. 随着团簇尺寸的增大,转移的电荷逐渐增加,转移的电荷量有达到块体中电荷值的趋势. 团簇的总能量二阶有限差分,平均结合能以及最高已占据轨道和最低未占据轨道的能隙都显示团簇的幻数为n=3,6和9.     

Structure,stability and magnetic properties of (NiAl)n(n≤6) clusters

In this paper, density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential has been used to calculate the energetically global-minimum geometries and electronic states of (NiAl)_n(n≤6) clusters. Full structural optimizations, analysis of energy and frequency calculation are performed. The most stable structures of (NiAl)_n clusters are all three-dimensional structures except NiAl. The average bond lengths of (NiAl)_n clusters are larger than that of Ni_2n, and are smaller than that of Al_2n. The binding energy per atom of Ni_2n and (NiAl)_n has the same change trend, and that are larger than that of Al_2n. Stability analysis shows that Ni₈, (NiAl)₂ and Al₁₀ clusters have higher relative stability than other clusters. Mulliken analysis indicates that charges always transfer from Al atoms to Ni atoms, and the average charges of transfer from Al atoms to Ni atoms have a maximum at (NiAl)₆, implying the strong interaction between Al and Ni atoms in (NiAl)₆. The average atomic magnetic moments of (NiAl)_n are smaller than that of true Ni_2n. The analysis of the static polarizability shows that the electronic structures of (NiAl)_n clusters tend to be compact with the increase of atoms.