基于切伦科夫辐射的核素治疗剂量测量可行性分析

针对现有核素治疗中内照射剂量测量缺乏简单、高效方法的问题,基于内照射剂量与切伦科夫辐射之间的关系,提出一种基于切伦科夫辐射的核素治疗内照射剂量测量的新方法。利用蒙特卡罗计算程序Geant4,模拟放射性核素131I在水体模型和甲状腺模型中产生切伦科夫辐射与剂量沉积的分布情况,并定量分析切伦科夫光子数与剂量之间的关系。计算结果表明：在水体模的半径方向上切伦科夫光子数与剂量之间有着相同的变化趋势,且两者有着相同的二维分布规律;核素131I在介质中产生的切伦科夫光子数与剂量两者之间存在一定的线性关系,且这种线性关系与核素的分布情况无关。研究结果证实,将这种放射性核素在介质中产生的切伦科夫辐射应用于内照射剂量学具有非常大的研究潜力和价值。     

基于小尺度参考辐射的便携式伽玛射线剂量(率)仪校准方法及应用

针对现有伽玛射线剂量(率)测量仪器检定方法送检距离远、周期长、效率低的不足,中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所采用基于样本仪表的机器预测方法,开展了基于小尺度参考辐射的便携式伽玛剂量(率)仪遂行校准技术研究工作。最终成功地研制了一套辐射防护用伽玛射线剂量(率)仪遂行校准装置,实现了测量标准不确定度不大于5%的良好结果。为伽玛空气比释动能量值的遂行定度提出了一条全新的技术思路,为便携式伽玛剂量(率)仪的现场和野外校准提供了一种全新的示范装备。     

空间辐射环境及人体剂量蒙特卡罗模拟

针对空间辐射环境进行了理论分析,并使用蒙特卡罗方法,对银河宇宙射线及典型太阳质子事件进行了模拟。通过分析常规屏蔽对空间辐射场及人体剂量的影响、屏蔽下的次级粒子产额等,验证了蒙特卡罗工具包Geant4应用于空间辐射防护研究的准确性。模拟发现：在常规屏蔽厚度的情况下,对于太阳质子事件,由于其能量主要分布在低能量段(100 MeV以下),屏蔽效果随屏蔽厚度的增加明显增大,1 g/cm2 Al等效厚度屏蔽皮肤剂量可降低至其初始剂量值的8%左右,10 g/cm2 Al等效厚度的屏蔽可降低至初始剂量值的048%左右;而对于银河宇宙射线,由于其平均能量较高,屏蔽层的屏蔽作用并不明显,在浅层组织剂量甚至有所增加。     

X射线辐射剂量率的模拟计算与实验测量

利用C语言对钨反射式X射线管出射的X射线光谱公式编制计算机程序,对模拟计算得到的光谱的形状与理论及实验结果进行比较,对模拟计算结果的正确性加以验证.     

Experimental measurement of radiation dose in a dedicated breast CT system

Radiation dose is an important performance indicator of a dedicated breast CT (DBCT). In this paper, the method of putting thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) into a breast shaped PMMA phantom to study the dose distribution in breasts was improved by using smaller TLDs and a new half-ellipsoid PMMA phantom. Then the weighted CT dose index (CTDI_w) was introduced to average glandular assessment in DBCT for the first time and two measurement modes were proposed for different sizes of breasts. The dose deviations caused by using cylindrical phantoms were simulated using the Monte Carlo method and a set of correction factors were calculated. The results of the confirmatory measurement with a cylindrical phantom (11 cm/8 cm) show that CTDI_w gives a relatively conservative overestimate of the average glandular dose comparing to the results of Monte Carlo simulation and TLDs measurement. But with better practicability and stability, the CTDI_w is suitable for dose evaluations in daily clinical practice. Both of the TLDs and CTDI_w measurements demonstrate that the radiation dose of our DBCT system is lower than conventional two-view mammography.     

动态测量的高光谱图像压缩感知

针对高光谱图像相邻波段之间具有强光谱相关性的特点,为了提高高光谱图像压缩感知的重构效果,本文提出一种利用边缘信息设计动态测量率的压缩感知算法。首先,通过随机投影的分块压缩感知方法对每个图像块以固定测量率采样,重构出单波段图像作为其他波段的先验信息,并对其提取出图像边缘区域;然后,根据每个图像块边缘信息的丰富程度来自适应分配测量值。在固定总测量数的前提下,对不同图像块分配不同的测量次数。最后,利用分配好的测量次数对其余波段进行采集和重构。仿真结果表明,在相同总测量数情况下,本文提出的动态测量算法重构出的高光谱图像质量（PSNR）与传统固定测量压缩感知策略相比提高了1~4 dB,相比较下的重构时间也减少,在成功重构高光谱图像的基础上更增强了细节处的图像质量。     

Optical readout method based on a narrow-strip filter for microcantilever array sensing

An effective optical readout approach based on a narrow-strip filter is presented to detect bends of a bimaterial microcantilever focal plane array, by which light intensity of the image plane (CCD image sensor plane) can be increased and its uniformity on the image plane effectively enhanced. It reduces the noise equivalent temperature difference of the microcantilever focal plane array IR imaging system and improves uniformity of the IR images. A comparative experiment is designed to verify effectiveness. The experimental results show that the proposed method has advantages of preferable effect.     

CCD测量系统的无线数据传输接口的设计

采用Nordic公司nRF2401高速无线收发芯片设计了无线数据传输的CCD测量系统,给出了技术解决方案。具有软硬件设计简捷、无需插卡等优点,可使外设工作于PC串口等多种模式下。此方案利用无线数据传输的方式,代替了传统的硬线介质,实现了线阵CCD测量系统与计算机之间的实时数据通信。当射频通信的速率为1Mb/s、250kb/s时,在实验室条件下,10m之内可以保证数据准确可靠的传输。在空旷地带,实现可靠通信的距离可达到40m。     

一种基于四象限探测器的深孔直线度测量方法的研究

介绍了以半导体激光光束为测量基准,采用四象限探测器进行深孔直线度检测的原理和方法。重点针对实际激光器近似于椭圆形状的入射光斑,推导了输出电压与椭圆光斑中心的变化规律,分析了光斑椭圆度对测量误差的影响,论证了方案的可行性与可靠性。     

光学渡越辐射测量中能量分辨精度分析

基于光学渡越辐射原理的用于高能强流电子束束流参数在线测量及诊断系统,具有时间响应快、分辨率高等特点,可以测量电子束的束剖面、发散角、能量等多个参数。分析了测量系统的结构参数（包括了透镜的焦距、成像面位置、CCD像元尺寸）对电子束能量测量精度的影响,并在理论上模拟了电子束的发散角的影响。还根据系统数据的特点,阐述了数据噪声对能量测量结果精度的影响,指出了光学渡越辐射测量中电子束能量分辨精度受到多种因素的影响,需要在数据处理时考虑修正。     

光学渡越辐射测量中能量分辨精度分析

 基于光学渡越辐射原理的用于高能强流电子束束流参数在线测量及诊断系统,具有时间响应快、分辨率高等特点,可以测量电子束的束剖面、发散角、能量等多个参数。分析了测量系统的结构参数（包括了透镜的焦距、成像面位置、CCD像元尺寸）对电子束能量测量精度的影响,并在理论上模拟了电子束的发散角的影响。还根据系统数据的特点,阐述了数据噪声对能量测量结果精度的影响,指出了光学渡越辐射测量中电子束能量分辨精度受到多种因素的影响,需要在数据处理时考虑修正。     

基于闪烁体3D剂量测量系统中光场重聚焦位置的标定方法

放疗中基于闪烁体光场成像的3D剂量测量方法是,利用光场相机对射线在闪烁体沉积能量所产生的闪烁光进行拍照,给出每一个聚焦层的光分布后进行三维重建,进而得出剂量的三维分布。光场相机所获取图像的重聚焦位置影响闪烁光三维重建的准确性,作者提出利用棋盘格标定板进行重聚焦位置标定的方法。使用Lytro Illum光场相机拍摄置于已知位置的棋盘格标定板,经光场数据处理得到焦点堆栈序列,利用刃边法得到所有重聚焦像的高斯离焦参数σ,经比较后获得最小σ对应的重聚焦参数α,最终给出若干α和重聚焦位置的对应关系,最终完成重聚焦位置标定。与常用的刻度尺标定方法相比,高斯离焦参数减小2%～10%,有利于放疗3D剂量测量精度的提高。     

A simple roll measurement method based on a rectangular-prism

A novel roll measurement method based on a rectangular-prism is presented. A collimated beam is normally incident upon a rectangular-prism with splitting film, and it is divided into two parts, the reflected and the transmitted beams. The displacements of the reflected and the transmitted beams are measured by two quadrant photoelectric detectors QD₁ and QD₂, respectively. The displacement change in the y-axis caused by roll can be measured with differential measurements from two quadrant photoelectric detectors. Theoretic analyses show that the crosstalk of straightness errors and yaw errors are avoided, and the crosstalk of the pitch α can be neglected by adopting differential measurements because the direction changes of the reflected and the transmitted beams are both double the changes of pitch. In this way, the stability for the roll measurement can be greatly enhanced. The systemic model is established and the feasibility of such a system is verified by theoretical analysis and experiments. The resolution of 0.3″ and measurement accuracy of 2″ can be obtained by the set-up measurement system.     

基于有限立体角测量的谱色测温法

辐射测温是通过测量物体表面发射的辐射来反演温度. 本文结合线性发射率模型从辐射测温方程封闭求解的角度, 解释了谱色测温通常需采用微元立体角测量或针对漫发射体的有限立体角辐射测量的原因, 并推导出了有限立体角辐射测量条件下, 具有非漫发射性质物体表面温度测量的辐射测温方程, 该方程具有测量普适性. 以此方程为基础, 推导了具有测量普适性的谱色测温方程组, 发现不同的辐射测量条件下, 发射率标尺的取值范围相同, 但物理意义发生了明显变化.     

X射线管辐射剂量分布的理论分析与实验测量

简述了反射式X射线管与透射式X射线管的结构.理论分析了透射式X射线管不具有足跟效应.实验测量表明:在所研究的范围内透射式X射线管辐射剂量分布情况明显好于反射式X射线管的辐射剂量分布.     

Study of fiber-optic current sensing based on degree of polarization measurement

A novel fiber-optic current sensing scheme is proposed by converting the Faraday rotation to the optical signal's degree of polarization (DOP) change. In this scheme, the lightwave passes through a fiber resonant cavity multiply and experiences Faraday rotation simultaneously. Its main merit is immunity from the environment disturbance to the fiber used in ordinary Faraday rotation sensor. Brief theoretical analysis and simulation are given to show its basic characteristics. Experimental results are demonstrated and the feasibility of the proposed method is also shown.     

Development of a panorama coded-aperture gamma camera for radiation detection

For radiation detection, the imaging system should have a large field of view (FOV) and high detection efficiency because it has to be used in a radiation environment where the quantity and direction of radioactive sources are unknown. A panorama coded-aperture gamma camera optimized for use in complex nuclear environment has been developed and evaluated with an angular resolution of 3.5°. Typical gamma cameras have the limited field of view ranging from 10° to 60° in both horizontal and vertical direction. The system presented in this paper extends the field of view to 360° in the horizontal direction and 60° in the vertical direction. The partial encoding of coded aperture imaging is mitigated by convolving the data of diverse adjacent modules with a partial transmission function. The experimental feasibility of measuring multiple sources in the 360° horizontal field of view was demonstrated with a panoramic image. The results showed that the system could clearly identify the direction of multiple radiation sources in an unknown extended radiation environment. The system can help to simplify the clean up and decommissioning of nuclear sites.