幂零群的若干充分条件

本文利用Ｃ－正规子群的性质，得到了若干有限群为幂零群的充分条件，推广了一些著名定理，如Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ定理及Ｉｔ＾ｏ定理。     

用公式法求二面角的平面角

１　问题的提出大家知道，当一个三面角的三个面角都固定时，则它们任意两个面的平面角的大小也就确定；它们之间一定存在着某种必然的内在联系；事实上，我们有如下的定理；图１ＢαＣ２θ１θＯＡ定理　设Ｏ－ＡＢＣ为一个三面角，∠ＡＯＢ＝φ，∠ＡＯＣ＝θ１，∠ＢＯＣ＝θ２，二面角Ａ－ＯＣ－Ｂ的平面角为α，则有ｃｏｓφ＝ｃｏｓθ１ｃｏｓθ２＋ｓｉｎθ１ｓｉｎθ２ｃｏｓα；略证：如图１，ＡＣ⊥ＯＣ，ＢＣ⊥ＯＣ，则∠ＡＣＢ＝α；令ＯＡ＝ａ，ＯＢ＝ｂ；在Ｒｔ△ＡＣＯ中，ＡＣ＝ａｓｉｎθ１，ＯＣ＝ａｃｏｓθ１；同理，Ｂ…     

两个三角不等式

定理１在任意△ＡＢＣ中，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ表示其三内角，则ｃｏｓ３Ａ＋ｃｏｓ３Ｂ＋ｃｏｓ３Ｃ≥３８．（等号当且仅当△ＡＢＣ为正三角形时成立）证明由三角恒等式ｃｏｓ３Ａ＋ｃｏｓ３Ｂ＋ｃｏｓ３Ｃ＝（２Ｒ＋ｒ）３－３ｓ２ｒ４Ｒ３－１（Ｒ、ｒ、ｓ为△ＡＢＣ的外接圆半...     

［C，H］－Hopf模与模余代数的结构定理

本文首先利用ｃｏｉｎｔｅｇｒａｌ和ｃｏｃｌｅｆｔ模余代数概念，得到Ｈ为Ｈｏｐｆ代数当且仅当Ｈ作为Ｈ－模余代数是ｃｏｃｌｅｆｔ以及模余代数的一些性质．然后，设Ｃ为Ｈ－模余代数．令Ｃ＝Ｃ／Ｃｋｅｒε则有．最后，证明了结构定理：当Ｃ为ｃｏｃｌｅｆｔＨ－模余代数时，作为余代数有同构：Ｃ≌Ｃ×Ｈ     

C^n中的界域上σ—方程局部解的Bochner—Ono公式

本文利用Ｏｎｏ的局部化方法及Ｘｅнкин的技巧，讨论Ｃ＾ｎ空间中有界域上σ－方程局部解的存在性，并得到有界域上σ－方程局部解的Ｂｏｃｈｎｅｒ－Ｏｎｏ公式，且指出在含参数的局部意义下有简单的一致估计。     

一个三角不等式猜想的证明及推广

刘健先生在文［１］中提出如下猜想：在任意△ＡＢＣ中,有ｃｏｓＢｃｏｓＣｓｉｎＡ２＋ｃｏｓＣｃｏｓＡｓｉｎＢ２＋ｃｏｓＡｃｏｓＢｓｉｎＣ２＜１①笔者通过研究,发现了这个不等式的一个指数形式：定理在△ＡＢＣ中,有ｃｏｓＢｃｏｓＣｓｉｎｋＡ２＋ｃｏｓＣｃｏ...     

cos~n(A/2) cos~n(B/2) cos~n(C/2)的上下确界

ｃｏｓｎＡ２＋ｃｏｓｎＢ２＋ｃｏｓｎＣ２的上下确界杨寅（呼和浩特交通学校０１００２３）设Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ为三角形的三个内角，题目中的问题久已悬而未决．今用分析方法彻底解决这个问题．定理设Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ为三角形的三个内角，ｎ２为自然数，则有ｍｉｎ１＋２２２ｎ，...     

关于Lagrange平均插值过程的逼近阶估计

本文以多项式（１＋ｘ）Ｖｎ（ｘ）Ｖｎ（ｘ）＝ｃｏｓ２ｎ＋１２θｃｏｓθ２，ｘ＝ｃｏｓθ的零点作为插值的节点，构造了一个Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ插值多项式算子过程Ｃｎ（ｆ，ｘ），给出了其逼近阶估计．同时证明Ｃｎ（ｆ，ｘ）亦满足Ｄｉｔｚｉａｎ－Ｔｏｔｉｋ定理．     

一类有趣的三角不等式

最近,本文作者通过研究、探索,发现了一类新颖、奇特的三角不等式．定理１在△ＡＢＣ中,有ｃｏｓ２Ａ＋ｃｏｓＢ＋ｃｏｓＣ＞３４．（１）证∵ｃｏｓＢ－Ｃ２－ｓｉｎＡ２＝２ｓｉｎＢ２ｓｉｎＣ２＞０,∴ｃｏｓＢ－Ｃ２＞ｓｉｎＡ２,∴ｃｏｓ２Ａ＋ｃｏｓＢ＋ｃｏｓ...     

Lp（T,X）内太阳集的逼近性质

设（Ｔ，Σ，ｕ）是有限测定空间，表示定义在Ｔ上取值于Ｘ的ｐ幂Ｂｏｃｈｎｅｒ可积函数空间。本文主要证明了Ｌｐ（Ｔ，Ｘ）中的一般子集Ｇ和Ｌｐ（Ｔ，Ｙ）型子集为太阳集的特征定理；对实Ｈｉｂｅｒｔ空间Ｘ，得到了子集Ｌｐ（Ｔ，Ｙ）为Ｌｐ（Ｔ，Ｘ）的半Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ太阳集的特征，同时给出了子集Ｌｐ（Ｎ，Ｙ）是Ｌｐ（Ｎ，Ｘ）的强Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ子空间的条件。     

Numerical proof of stability of roll waves in the small-amplitude limit for inclined thin film flow

We present a rigorous numerical proof based on interval arithmetic computations categorizing the linearized and nonlinear stability of periodic viscous roll waves of the KdV–KS equation modeling weakly unstable flow of a thin fluid film on an incline in the small-amplitude KdV limit. The argument proceeds by verification of a stability condition derived by Bar–Nepomnyashchy and Johnson–Noble–Rodrigues–Zumbrun involving inner products of various elliptic functions arising through the KdV equation. One key point in the analysis is a bootstrap argument balancing the extremely poor sup norm bounds for these functions against the extremely good convergence properties for analytic interpolation in order to obtain a feasible computation time. Another is the way of handling analytic interpolation in several variables by a two-step process carving up the parameter space into manageable pieces for rigorous evaluation. These and other general aspects of the analysis should serve as blueprints for more general analyses of spectral stability.     

A distance on curves modulo rigid transformations

We propose a geometric method for quantifying the difference between parametrized curves in Euclidean space by introducing a distance function on the space of parametrized curves up to rigid transformations (rotations and translations). Given two curves, the distance between them is defined as the infimum of an energy functional which, roughly speaking, measures the extent to which the jet field of the first curve needs to be rotated to match up with the jet field of the second curve. We show that this energy functional attains a global minimum on the appropriate function space, and we derive a set of first-order ODEs for the minimizer.     

Frequency–energy plots of steady-state solutions for forced and damped systems,and vibration isolation by nonlinear mode localization

We study the structure of the periodic steady-state solutions of forced and damped strongly nonlinear coupled oscillators in the frequency–energy domain by constructing forced and damped frequency – energy plots (FEPs). Specifically, we analyze the steady periodic responses of a two degree-of-freedom system consisting of a grounded forced linear damped oscillator weakly coupled to a strongly nonlinear attachment under condition of 1:1 resonance. By performing complexification/averaging analysis we develop analytical approximations for strongly nonlinear steady-state responses. As an application, we examine vibration isolation of a harmonically forced linear oscillator by transferring and confining the steady-state vibration energy to the weakly coupled strongly nonlinear attachment, thereby drastically reducing its steady-state response. By comparing the nonlinear steady-state response of the linear oscillator to its corresponding frequency response function in the absence of a nonlinear attachment we demonstrate the efficacy of drastic vibration reduction through steady-state nonlinear targeted energy transfer. Hence, our study has practical implications for the effective passive vibration isolation of forced oscillators.     

Multi-mode resource availability cost problem with recruitment and release dates for resources

This paper investigates the multi-mode resource availability cost problem with recruitment and release dates for resources. This problem is a more realistic model and extended case of the resource availability cost problem. The project contains activities interrelated by finish–start precedence relations with zero time lags, which require a set of renewable resources. First, a mixed integer programming formulation is proposed for the problem. Then, simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed to obtain a satisfying solution for this NP-hard problem. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through comprehensive experimentation based on 300 test problems. The results are analyzed and discussed.     

Lagrangian distributions and connections in multisymplectic and polysymplectic geometry

We discuss the interplay between lagrangian distributions and connections in (generalized) symplectic geometry, beginning with the traditional case of symplectic manifolds and then passing to the more general context of poly- and multisymplectic structures on fiber bundles, which is relevant for the covariant hamiltonian formulation of classical field theory. In particular, we generalize Weinstein?s tubular neighborhood theorem for symplectic manifolds carrying a (simple) lagrangian foliation to this situation. In all cases, the Bott connection, or an appropriately extended version thereof, plays a central role.