三步离子交换法用于高精度测定硝酸盐卤水样品中硼同位素

用热电离质谱法(TIMS)测定样品的硼同位素时,共存的硝酸根(NO^-₃)会产生Cs₂BO⁺₂的同质异位素Cs₂CNO⁺,使得被测样品¹¹B/¹⁰B的比值降低。针对硝酸盐型盐湖自然卤水样品(NO^-₃的含量为1384 mg/L),利用三次离子交换法,即在传统的两步离子交换法(第一步过硼特效树脂进行硼的分离和纯化,第二步阴阳离子交换法去除硼以外的其它杂质阴阳离子)的中间,再增加一步阴离子树脂处理,以减少样品溶液中NO^-₃的含量,从而消除硼同位素测定过程中NO^-₃的影响。结果表明,三步离子交换法比常规的两步离子交换法能进一步减少NO^-₃含量的影响,从而有效降低同质异位素对硼同位素测定的干扰,样品中硼的回收率大于90%。此过程未...     

高精度热电离质谱法测定铟同位素

本文系统研究了高精度热电离质谱测定铟同位素的方法,采用磷酸涂样技术,获得了强而稳定的In~+离子流,5种锢试剂中的平均~(113)In/~(115)In比值为0.044804±0.000055(2SD),由此比值计算的铟原子量为114.8185(2)比现行的114.82更为精密。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锆及锆合金中镉含量的质谱干扰分析

通过对Zr及Zr合金中各元素一定浓度单标溶液在电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)设定的扫描区间(106~116aum)进行扫描得到质谱图,并结合各元素单标溶液在Cd元素不同同位素质谱峰处的离子计数值的分析,研究了ICP-MS测定Zr及Zr合金中Cd含量时所受的质谱干扰情况,并对干扰物进行了判断。结果表明:基体元素Zr、合金元素Nb和杂质元素Mo所形成的氧化物、氢氧化物多原子离子及合金元素Sn所形成的同质异位素均会对Cd的相关同位素原子构成质谱干扰;针对不同干扰,提出了避免和消除干扰可参考的方法。     

基于Cs2Br+静态多接收正热电离质谱法高精度测定溴同位素

采用Triton热电离质谱仪,在8 kV加速电压下,建立了基于Cs2Br+为检测离子的稳定溴同位素比值静态多接收测定方法,实现了溴同位素组成的高精度正热电离质谱法测定,并对溴同位素测试过程中B和C1元素的影响、点样顺序的影响等进行了研究.结果表明,静态多接收法测定Br同位素和传统的峰跳扫法相比具有精度高(外精度在0.09‰～0.18‰之间)、涂样量小(10～ 20 μg Br)和测试时间短(采集100个数据只需8 min)的优点,不同含量的C1对Br同位素比值的影响随着C1含量的升高而增强,B的存在使溴同位素测定值偏低.涂样顺序对溴同位素测定结果没有表现出明显差异.同时,测定了4个溴化物化学试剂中的溴同位素组成,其同位素组成介于0.61‰～ 1.68‰,呈现出明显的溴同位素分馏现象.     

质谱的无机痕量分析进展

概述了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、激光电离质谱(LIMS)和共振电离质谱(RIMS)、火花源质谱(SSMS)、辉光放电质谱(GDMS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)、热电离同位素稀释质谱法(ID-TIMS)等无机质谱分析方法的基本原理、方法特点和应用进展,概括了ICE-MS和IDMS方法的优缺点;采用溶液进样的ICP-MS和TIMS稀释法,给出的测量结果不确定度要高于固体进样的质谱法。     

同位素质谱和无机质谱

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“同位素质谱和无机质谱”的第四篇评述，评述的范围是１９９４年１１月至１９９６年１０月我国气体同位素质谱，热电离同位素质谱，加速器质谱，火花源质谱，电感耦合等离子体质谱，辉光放电质谱，同位素稀释质谱，二次离子质谱，激光共振电离子飞行时间质谱，电子探针，质子探针，激光探针和它们在地学，核科学，环境科学，材料学，计理学，医学和生命科学中的应用，引用文献１４９篇。     

磁质谱在核科学领域的研究进展

对磁质谱在核科学领域的研究进展进行了综述。介绍了磁质谱的基本原理，详细论述了扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱、加速器质谱、二次离子质谱、热电离质谱、激光共振电离质谱、辉光放电质谱的电离机理、特征及应用领域。扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱分辨率高，检测限低，在元素和同位素分析中应用最为广泛。加速器质谱通常用于样品中超痕量、长寿命放射性核素的量化分析。TI-MS被认为是元素同位素比值分析最精确的仪器之一，而辉光放电质谱主要运用于高纯材料中杂质的分析。     

VG 354质谱计离子源电离带低温测量设备及其应用

设计了一种用于VG 354 型热电离质谱计电离带低温测量装置(DWZZ).它由热电偶温度计及连接件组装而成,能即时测定电离带的表面温度.测定的离子源中电离带的低温段温度与加热电流的关系可用关系式y=-ax3+bx2-cx+d表示,温度测定的误差＜±2℃.此装置已用于石墨非还原热离子发射特性和石墨存在下M2BO+2、M2X+离子的发射机理的研究.     

有孔虫中硼的分离及其正热电离质谱法测定

针对大洋钻探计划(0DP)钻孔中有孔虫数量少、硼含量低的特点，改进了硼特效树脂和阴、阳混合离子交换树脂相结合进行分离硼的方法，成功地实现了硼的分离，并且首次采用正热电离质语法测定了有孔虫中硼同位素的比值。由于硼的分离过程不产生同位素分馏，测定结果令人满意。     

我国测定的铟原子量新值首次被采用为国际标准

1991年北京大学化学系教授张青莲和青海盐湖研究所副研究员肖应凯使用一台英制VG354型固体源热电离质谱仪,并收集国内外五种铟试剂,纯制硝酸铟溶液。在钽带上涂样2μg In,加磷酸烘干。加热电流为1.5A时,得稳定的115In离子发射,其流强达3×1011A。每种样品涂样5次,每次测100个同位素丰度比R113/115数据,自动记录平均值及标准偏差。测得所有样品的平均R113/115=0.044804±0.000055（2SD）。在实验中,严格要求各项专业技术细节,包括排除同量素干扰等问题。研究报告见张青莲、肖应凯:“铟的原子量”,《中国化学快报》,卷2,407—410页,1991。     

Determination of boron isotopic variations in aquatic systems with negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry as a tracer for anthropogenic influences

A technique for precise boron isotope ratio measurements with a high detection power has been developed by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (NTIMS). Relative standard deviations in the range of 0.03-0.3% have been obtained for the determination of the (11)B/(10)B isotope ratio using nanogram amounts of boron. Ba(OH)(2) has been applied as ionization promoter for the formation of negative thermal ions. By adding MgCl(2) better reproducibilities of the measurement have been achieved. A possible interference of BO(-)(2) ions at mass number 42 by CNO(-) could be excluded by the sample preparation technique used. Contrary to other NTI techniques no dependence of the measured isotope ratio on the boron amount used has been observed. Anthropogenic and natural saline influences in ground water have been successfully identified by boron isotope ratio determinations with this NTIMS method, due to the different isotopic composition of boron in natural and anthropogenic substances. In sewage, the boron isotope ratio is substantially influenced by washing powder, which contains low (11)B/(10)B ratios (expressed in delta(11)B values normalized to the standard reference material NIST SRM 951). In contaminated ground water, low delta(11)B values are normally correlated with high boron and high chloride concentrations. On the other hand, delta(11)B shifts to higher values in less contaminated samples. For ground water with saline influences, only the delta(11)B determination, and not the boron or chloride content, allowed the correct identification of this natural source of contamination.     

A Sulfoxide‐Based Isobaric Labelling Reagent for Accurate Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

Modern proteomics requires reagents for exact quantification of peptides in complex mixtures. Peptide labelling is most typically achieved with isobaric tags that consist of a balancer and a reporter part that separate in the gas phase. An ingenious distribution of stable isotopes provides multiple reagents with identical molecular weight but a different mass of the reporter groups, allowing relative quantification of multiple samples in one measurement. Here we report a new isobaric labelling reagent, where the balancer and the reporter are linked by a sulfoxide group, which, based on the sulfoxide pyrolysis, leads to easy and asymmetric cleavage at low fragmentation energy. The fragmentation of our new design is significantly improved, yielding more intense complementary ion signals, allowing complementary ion cluster analysis as well.     

Click chemistry facilitates formation of reporter ions and simplified synthesis of amine-reactive multiplexed isobaric tags for protein quantification

We report the development of novel reagents for cell-level protein quantification, referred to as Caltech isobaric tags (CITs), which offer several advantages in comparison with other isobaric tags (e.g., iTRAQ and TMT). Click chemistry, copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), is applied to generate a gas-phase cleavable linker suitable for the formation of reporter ions. Upon collisional activation, the 1,2,3-triazole ring constructed by CuAAC participates in a nucleophilic displacement reaction forming a six-membered ring and releasing a stable cationic reporter ion. To investigate its utility in peptide mass spectrometry, the energetics of the observed fragmentation pathway are examined by density functional theory. When this functional group is covalently attached to a target peptide, it is found that the nucleophilic displacement occurs in competition with formation of b- and y-type backbone fragment ions regardless of the amino acid side chains present in the parent bioconjugate, confirming that calculated reaction energetics of reporter ion formation are similar to those of backbone fragmentations. Based on these results, we apply this selective fragmentation pathway for the development of CIT reagents. For demonstration purposes, duplex CIT reagent is prepared using a single isotope-coded precursor, allyl-d(5)-bromide, with reporter ions appearing at m/z 164 and 169. Isotope-coded allyl azides for the construction of the reporter ion group can be prepared from halogenated alkyl groups which are also employed for the mass balance group via N-alkylation, reducing the cost and effort for synthesis of isobaric pairs. Owing to their modular designs, an unlimited number of isobaric combinations of CIT reagents are, in principle, possible. The reporter ion mass can be easily tuned to avoid overlapping with common peptide MS/MS fragments as well as the low mass cutoff problems inherent in ion trap mass spectrometers. The applicability of the CIT reagent is tested with several model systems involving protein mixtures and cellular systems.     

Boron Separation by the Two—step Ion—Exchange for the Isotopic Measurement of Boron

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｒｇｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｏｒｏｎｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ .ＴｈｅｂｏｒｏｎｉｓａｕｓｅｆｕｌｔｒａｃｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓｆｌｕｉｄｓｉｎｔｈｅＥａｒｔｈ’ｓｃｒｕｓｔａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .1 6Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆａｎａ ｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ,7,8ａｒａｐｉｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｅｅｎｉｎｍａｎｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔ…     

FT-ICRMS distinguishes the mechanism of the charge state reduction for multiply charged protein cations admixed with redox reagents in ESI

Recently, we reported on a phenomenon in which multiply charged protein cations produced by electrospray ionization could be reduced to lower and narrower charge state distributions when admixed with reducing reagents 1,4-benzoquinone or quinhydrone. Circular dichroism spectra of the proteins indicated that secondary and tertiary structural changes upon addition of these reducing reagents were negligible, thus eliminating conformational effects as playing a role in the charge reduction mechanism. Furthermore, the extent of charge state reduction did not correspond with gas-phase basicities of the redox reagents, suggesting that solution-phase, and not gas-phase, behavior dominates the observed charge state reduction. The relatively low resolution of the triple quadrupole employed did not make it possible to distinguish isotopic distributions of the multiply charged cations in order to determine whether the observed phenomenon was the result of proton-transfer reactions between the multiply charged cations and the reducing reagent or because of electron transfer from the reducing reagent to the protein cations. Here, high-resolution ESI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of several peptide amides in the presence of a redox reagent show isotopic distributions that are consistent only with the proton-transfer mechanism.     

Novel and cost‐effective 6‐plex isobaric tagging reagent,DiART, is effective for identification and relative quantification of complex protein mixtures using PQD fragmentation

Deuterium isobaric Amine Reactive Tag (DiART) reagents facilitate relative quantification during proteomic analysis in a functionally similar manner to commercially available isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and tandem mass tag (TMT) reagents. In contrast to iTRAQ and TMT, DiART reagents incorporate deuterium isotopes which significantly reduce the number of required synthesis steps and hence have potential to significantly reduce reagent production cost. We examined the capability of DiART for performing quantitative proteomic experiments using a linear ion‐trap mass spectrometer with Pulsed Q Dissociation (PQD) fragmentation. Using a synthetic peptide tagged with DiART reagent, we observed a precise mass shift of 144.79 Da on the triply charged precursor ion, which shows complete derivatization of the N‐terminus and ε‐amino group of lysine. A DiART tagged tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin showed a sequence coverage of 57.99% which was very comparable to that showed by iTRAQ, 54.77%. Furthermore, a ten protein mixture tagged with DiART reagents and mixed in 1:1:1:1:1:1 exhibited < 15% error, whereas a linear trend (slope of 1.085) was observed when tagged proteins were mixed in the ratio 2:1:2:4:10:14 and plotted against theoretical ratios. Finally, when complex cell‐wall protein mixtures from the model fungus A. nidulans were tagged with DiART reagents and mixed in different ratios, they exhibited similar trends. We conclude that DiART reagents are capable of performing quantitative proteomic experiments using PQD on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土壤及蔬菜中微量汞的同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定

建立了微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释(ID/ICP-MS)测定微量汞的方法。考察了仪器参数及测量条件对汞同位素比值RHg(202Hg/200Hg)测量的影响,根据同位素比值测量误差的传递因子优化了富集同位素稀释剂(202Hg98%)的加入量,并以铊同位素比值(205Tl/203Tl)作为RHg(202Hg/200Hg)测量时发生质量歧视效应的校正因子;通过反同位素稀释法标定了富集汞同位素稀释剂的浓度。利用所建立的ID/ICP-MS方法测定了杨树叶(GBW07604)和湖积物(GBW07423)2种标准参考物中汞的含量,回收率分别为112%和100%。该方法具有准确度高、精密度好等优点,且样品前处理简便,适用于土壤及蔬菜等样品中微量及痕量汞的准确测定。     

Determination of boron isotopic variations in aquatic systems with negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry as a tracer for anthropogenic influences

A technique for precise boron isotope ratio measurements with a high detection power has been developed by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (NTIMS). Relative standard deviations in the range of 0.03–0.3% have been obtained for the determination of the ¹¹B/¹⁰B isotope ratio using nanogram amounts of boron. Ba(OH)₂ has been applied as ionization promoter for the formation of negative thermal ions. By adding MgCl₂ better reproducibilities of the measurement have been achieved. A possible interference of BO^-₂ ions at mass number 42 by CNO^- could be excluded by the sample preparation technique used. Contrary to other NTI techniques no dependence of the measured isotope ratio on the boron amount used has been observed. Anthropogenic and natural saline influences in ground water have been successfully identified by boron isotope ratio determinations with this NTIMS method, due to the different isotopic composition of boron in natural and anthropogenic substances. In sewage, the boron isotope ratio is substantially influenced by washing powder, which contains low ¹¹B/¹⁰B ratios (expressed in ¹¹B values normalized to the standard reference material NIST SRM 951). In contaminated ground water, low ¹¹B values are normally correlated with high boron and high chloride concentrations. On the other hand, ¹¹B shifts to higher values in less contaminated samples. For ground water with saline influences, only the ¹¹B determination, and not the boron or chloride content, allowed the correct identification of this natural source of contamination.     

多接收器电感耦合等离子质谱精确测定钕同位素组成

报道了本实验室近两年来Neptune MC-ICP-MS测试Nd同位素的结果。测试结果显示样品化学分离中伴随的大量铈对钕同位素组成测定没有影响;而分离后残余少量钐,在一定范围内(钐/钕<0.04)可以直接扣除,获得准确的Nd同位素组成。Neptune MC-ICP-MS和热电离质谱(TIMS)平行测定实际地质样品表明,Neptune MC-ICP-MS可以精确测定Nd同位素组成,与经典的TIMS技术相比,MC-ICP-MS可以获得与TIMS相媲美的数据精度,而且分析时间缩短,效率明显提高。