乙醇对纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜热释光的影响

以乙醇-草酸混合溶液为电解液,用二次阳极氧化法制备纳米多孔Al_2O_3∶C薄膜。在制备过程中,碳的掺杂浓度可控。实验结果表明,随着碳浓度的增加,热释光强度逐渐增大;随着退火温度的升高,320℃左右的主热释光峰的强度先升高后降低。在退火温度为500℃时,主热释光峰的强度达到最大。纯草酸溶液制备的Al_2O_3薄膜的热释光剂量响应曲线在10~50 Gy是线性的,在50~100 Gy呈超线性;而乙醇-草酸混合溶液制备的Al_2O_3∶C薄膜在10~100 Gy基本呈线性。     

乙醇对纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜光致发光特性的影响

采用二次阳极氧化法,用乙醇与草酸的混合溶液制备纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜。扫描电子微镜结果显示,乙醇与草酸混合溶液中制备的氧化铝薄膜形貌更规整,有序度更高。光致发光测试结果表明,该混合电解液制备的薄膜的光致发光强度有明显的提高,且随乙醇浓度的增加,发光强度逐渐增大。结合红外反射光谱及X光电子能谱对上述实验现象进行了分析,为多孔氧化铝薄膜掺杂和改善其发光特性提供了新的思路。     

Self-correlation function for determination of geometrical parameters in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Films

Self-correlation functions have been applied to top-view high-resolution scanning electron microscopy micrographs of anodic alumina nanoporous arrays in order to determine their ordering degree and geometrical parameters; as a result, self-correlation images were obtained. These images are formed in the real space and can be used to make quantitative and qualitative surface analysis. The developed method for surface analysis has been applied to three series of porous anodic alumina films grown using sulphuric acid based electrolytes with concentrations of 3, 10, and 20 wt% and applying voltages from 25 down to 5 V. Significant changes in ordering degree, interpore distances, and pore diameters have been observed. In addition, in this study, the existence of an anodization window for self-ordering regimes for each acid concentration used in the electrolytic solution is also revealed.     

含分枝铜纳米线多孔铝膜的偏振特性

利用二次阳极氧化法制备了具有分枝结构的多孔铝(PAA)模板,并以交流电化学沉积的方法在该模板中合成了分枝状的铜纳米线。用SEM观察样品的形貌结构,用分光光度计测量了样品的透射光谱和偏振光谱。实验结果表明,含分枝状铜纳米线结构的多孔铝膜在近红外光区具有较高的透射率,且得到了14～22 dB的消光比。这种微偏振器件制备方法简单、效率高、造价低,在光电集成领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

微粗糙基底上多层涂层光散射偏振建模与特性研究

为满足多层涂层目标的偏振探测需求,基于一阶矢量扰动理论,结合偏振传输矩阵,建立微粗糙基底上多层涂层的光散射偏振双向反射分布函数模型,研究多因素影响下两种典型涂层目标,单层减反射涂层和多层高反射涂层的光散射偏振特性,结果表明单层减反射涂层目标的偏振度受观测位置影响,峰值左侧的偏振度较之裸基底增大,右侧反之,探测不同观测角下的偏振度可区分无涂层和涂层目标。不同观测角和入射波长下,多层高反射涂层目标的偏振度与涂层层数和涂层光学厚度显著相关,层数增加,多层涂层在镜反射附近具有去偏作用。仿真结果符合测量数据,验证了多涂层目标散射偏振模型的正确性与合理性,为实现多涂层目标偏振探测和反射隐身技术提供理论依据。     

Photoluminescence of Nanoporous GaN Films Prepared by Electrochemical Etching

Nanoporous （NP） CaN is prepared by electrochemical etching on a CaN epilayer grown on a sapphire substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the average pore diameter and inter-pore spacing are approximately 25 and 45 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence （PL） spectra show that in contrast to the initial as-grown CaN epilayer, the NP CaN exhibits a high near-band-edge UV intensity, significant relaxation of compressive strain, and a lower yellow luminescence intensity. Both the line shape and line width of the PL spectra are almost the same for these two samples. The high quality of the NP CaN can be explained by the enhancement of the PL extraction efficiency and the decrease of impurity and defect density after etching.     

不同退火条件对纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜光致发光的影响

以草酸为电解液,采用二次阳极氧化法制备出了纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜,经不同退火温度和退火气氛处理氧化铝薄膜后,通过分析其光致发光光谱得出：相同的退火气氛中, 退火温度T≤600 ℃ 时,T=500 ℃具有最大的光致发光强度;退火温度T≥700 ℃时,随着退火温度的升高,样品的发光强度增大。在不同的退火气氛中,多孔氧化铝薄膜随着退火温度的升高,发光峰位改变不同,即在空气中退火处理后,随着退火温度的升高,发光峰位蓝移,而在真空中退火处理后,发光峰位并不随退火温度的升高而变化;通过对1 100 ℃高温退火处理后的氧化铝薄膜的光致发光曲线的高斯拟合,可以看出,经退火处理后的多孔氧化铝,主要存在三个发光中心,发光曲线在350～600 nm范围内对应三个发射峰, 发射波长分别为387,410,439 nm。相同的退火温度下,空气中退火得到的氧化铝薄膜的光致发光强度大于真空中退火处理后的氧化铝薄膜。基于实验结果,结合X射线色散能谱(EDS)、红外反射光谱等表征手段,探讨了多孔氧化铝薄膜的发光机制,并对经过不同退火条件得到的多孔氧化铝薄膜的光致发光特性的改变做出了合理的解释。     

多孔氧化铝膜的荧光研究

采用电化学方法在草酸溶液中制备铝基多孔阳极氧化铝膜,用原子力显微镜观察其形貌,得到平均孔径为 38 nm的有序排列.用F-4500型荧光分光光度计测量其三维荧光谱,与未经氧化的铝片作对比,发现前者的激发谱在280 nm~340 nm有一个较宽的谱带,并且在253.8 nm附近有一个肩峰,发射谱有一个以417.4 nm为峰值的较宽谱带,而后者却无任何明显的发射峰和激发峰.再分别用波长为248 nm的准分子激光器和波长355 nm的三倍频YAG激光器激发,得到明亮的蓝光光谱,在同样条件下激发未经阳极氧化的高纯铝片,将二者的光致发光谱进行对比处理.实验认为,这种发光机理可能是来源于薄膜中与氧空位有关的缺陷态,而且,在成膜过程中伴随着草酸根离子的介入,导致多孔阳极氧化铝膜中亦有与草酸根离子相关的发光中心,同时,量子限域效应也使氧化铝薄膜的光学性质发生了变化.     

Improved Polarization Retention of BiFeO_3 Thin Films Using GdScO_3 (110) Substrates

Epitaxial ferroelectric thin films on single-crystal substrates generally show a preferred domain orientation in one direction over the other in demonstration of a poor polarization retention. This behavior will affect their application in nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories where bipolar polarization states are used to store the logic 0 and 1 data. Here the retention characteristics of BiFeO_3 thin films with SrRuO_3 bottom electrodes on both GdScO_3(110) and SrTiO_3(100) substrates are studied and compared, and the results of piezoresponse force microscopy provide a long time retention property of the films on two substrates. It is found that bismuth ferrite thin films grown on GdScO_3 substrates show no preferred domain variants in comparison with the preferred downward polarization orientation toward bottom electrodes on SrTiO_3 substrates. The retention test from a positive-up domain to a negative-down domain using a signal generator and an oscilloscope coincidentally shows bistable polarization states on the GdScO_3 substrate over a measuring time of 500 s, unlike the preferred domain orientation on SrTiO_3, where more than 65% of upward domains disappear after 1 s. In addition, different sizes of domains have been written and read by using the scanning tip of piezoresponse force microscopy; where the polarization can stabilize over one month. This study paves one route to improve the polarization retention property through the optimization of the lattice-mismatched stresses between films and substrates.     

几种地物反射光的偏振特性

偏振测量具有很多普通的光强度测量不具备的优点,是研究地表、大气,探索太空的良好辅助手段。为了获得可见一红外偏振光谱,从而考察利用偏振遥感识别目标的可行性,采用求取斯托克斯参量的方法,分别对草地、黄色环氧板、沥青楼顶、绿帆布、水泥路面及铁板六个样品做了反射光偏振特性测量,并对它们的偏振光谱进行了详细比较,分析了其形成原因。结果表明偏振特性与目标的性质、测量波长、观测角度均有很大关系,偏振测量在遥感和目标识别方面具有重要的意义。     

原子激发辐射光的极化

偏振光也称极化光，同光学仪器产生的偏振光是大家熟悉的，而由离子与原子碰撞产生的激发辐射光的极化，则是新的原子物理研究领域之一，在基础理论方面，它可以促进原子能级结构，离子－原子碰撞机制的研究，在应用方面，可以用极化参数修正已有的原子物理数据，使数据更精确，可以用离子束流与金属表面碰撞过程的研究等，极化研究有着美好的前景。     

Azodye Gelatin Films for Polarization Holographic Recording

Mordant pure yellow azodye in a matrix of gelatin is proposed as a medium for stable polarization recording. Relatively high values of birefringence are measured (over #x0394;n = 0.02). Polarization diffraction gratings are recorded with two circularly polarized waves and diffraction efficiency of 67#x0025; is achieved at 633 nm. Protected from the humidity, the recording is stable. Long-term radiation by a 633 nm probe beam is harmless as well. Unusual behaviour is observed when acting on the recorded grating alternatively with one of the recording beams. The left circularly polarized beam erases the grating sharply, while the right circularly polarized beam, before erasure, initially increases the diffraction efficiency.This paper was originally presented at the 2001 International Conference (2nd Joint OSJ-SPIE Conference) on Optical Engineering for Sensing and Nanotechnology, ICOSN 2001 which was held June 6-8, 2001 at the Pacifico-Yokohama Conference Center, Yokohama, Japan.     

含纳米金属阵列阳极氧化铝膜的偏振特性

利用阳极氧化铝的纳米多孔阵列结构特性，将金属Cu电镀到氧化铝的孔中，得到含有金属纳米阵列的氧化铝膜。实验发现，这种氧化铝膜确实象金属线栅偏振器一样表现出偏振特性，是一种新型微偏振器件。它在波长大于500nm时吸收很小，在波长为1．5μm时有高达67．1％的透射率和25．6dB的消光比。该氧化铝膜的偏振特性与阳极氧化和电镀条件有关。随着电流密度的增大，金属柱增多，光学损失增大，透射率降低，而偏振度增大。但是当电流密度增加到某一数值时，偏振度降低。通过优化制备条件，可得到高效率的氧化铝微偏振器。这种微偏振器制作简单，体积小，在光电通信领域有着非常广泛的应用前景。     

自然光照下反射光的偏振特性研究

在自然光照条件下,用CCD相机获取树叶表面反射光的偏振信息,经过分析和计算,得到反映树叶表面信息的偏振度图像偏振度图像.在实验室条件下,对不同种类的树叶以及不同颜色的同种树叶样品进行了研究,结果表明PDI探测相对于传统的光度探测有一定的优越性,可以在军事目标识别和遥感探测领域发挥重要作用.     

Polarization States of Light and Their Quantum Tomography

The notion and main features of polarization states of light are discussed within the framework of classical and quantum optics. This notion is shown to be correctly defined for arbitrary light beams only within quantum optics by using the P-quasispin formalism developed earlier. Polarization states of quantum light are shown to be fully described by a polarization density operator (PDO) obtained via reducing the total field density operator. Theoretical foundations are given for quantum tomography of polarization states of light fields considered as a way of measuring PDO. Herewith, the main attention is paid to a method where proper polarization tomographic observables (PDO “measurers”) are used. The method is shown to be adequately formulated by means of quasi-spectral tomographic expansions of PDO in special operator bases (given by finite sums of partially orthogonal projectors), which determine probability distributions of tomographic observables as expansion coefficients. Matrix versions of such “tomographic” PDO representations are obtained. In particular, projections of these expansions on quasiclassical operator bases, determining polarization quasiprobability functions, are given. An example of experimental implementation of polarization tomography of unpolarized light (biphoton radiation with hidden polarization) is analyzed.     

Role of Light Polarization in the Optothermal Effect

It is shown that the highest optothermal effect in low-intensity irradiation is attained on chromophores of stationary orientation exposed to irradiation by a linearly polarized light. For chromophores with stochastization of orientation between the events of light absorption, the magnitude of the optothermal effect is independent of polarization and is three times lower than in stationary orientation. In anisotropic media, an optimally oriented linearly polarized light is more efficient.     

光的偏振性对Hanbury Brown-Twiss实验的影响

在理论和实验上研究了完全偏振光的不同偏振态和光的偏振度对Hanbury Brown-Twiss实验二阶关联函数g(2)的影响.实验中用线偏振光通过1/4波片获得椭圆偏振光,并通过旋转波片实现对完全偏振光偏振态的改变;用两柬振动方向相互垂直,传播方向相同且相位差随机的线偏振光合成部分偏振光,并通过调节一束光的光强实现对合成光偏振度的改变.结果表明:对于完全偏振光,其偏振态的改变对g(2)没有影响;对于不同偏振度P的光源,g(2)为P的二次函数.特殊地,自然光情况下P=0,g(2)的理论最大值为1.5;完全偏振光情况下P=1,g(2)的理论最大值为2.理论与实验符合得较好.     

动态光散射实验中散射光偏振状态的研究

颗粒散射光的偏振状态对提高动态光散射实验系统空间相干性和测量结果正确性有着重要影响,因此研究散射光的偏振状态具有重要现实意义的。本文利用米散射理论分析了入射光与散射光偏振状态之间的关系,在此基础上揭示了在动态光散射中使用垂直偏振光作为入射光的理论依据,并在实验中验证了上述理论的正确性。     

偏振模色散的偏振主态旋转补偿法

提出一种用以补偿一阶偏振模色散的方法通过理论分析,说明了使用偏振分离器和加入光学延迟来抑制光纤中的PMD的方法以及其存在的由于延迟偏差造成的过补偿或欠补偿由理论分析可知,通过调整输入信号偏振态的方向,可以有效改善补偿效果模拟实验证明了该方法的可行性.     

多孔氧化铝薄膜的纳米结构和光谱特性研究

利用阳极氧化的方法制备出几种表面结构和尺度不同的多孔氧化铝薄膜,用原子力显微镜扫描获得了这些薄膜表面的纳米结构图像,并采用光谱仪测定了它们的反射光谱。实验表明,平均孔径为26和39 nm的多孔氧化铝薄膜表面具有独特的反射光谱,在500至1 000 nm波长范围内呈周期性地密集峰—谷分布,峰—谷的密集度或数量取决于薄膜表面纳米结构的尺度。讨论了纳米结构尺度与反射光谱之间的相互关系,并给出了适当的解释。