天然水体中痕量汞的形态分析方法研究

天然水体中汞的含量仅为ng/L级，不仅难以测出，而且在测定过程中极易受到干扰；利用两次金汞齐的预富集方法与原子荧光法结合的技术，作者建立了天然水体超痕量不同形态汞的准确分析方法；该方法的检出限达到了0．02ng／L，实验平均回收率为101%；该方法也适用于其它低汞含量水样(包括稀释后的污水及化工废水)中汞的形态分析。     

二步萃取-缝式石墨管原子捕集原子吸收法测定水样中的汞(Ⅱ)

1引言本文研究了水样中的汞（Ⅱ）在DDTC－MIBK体系中的选择性萃取和反萃取；首次采用萃取-缝式石墨管原子捕集火焰原子吸收法测定水样中的汞（Ⅱ），方法富集倍数高、精密度好，干扰少。笔者研制的缝式石墨管火焰原子吸收光谱（FAAS）法测定汞，其灵敏度比相同条件下常规FAAS法和Watting的缝式石英管FAAS法分别高5．5倍和1．1倍。与缝式石英管相比，维式石墨管价廉，导热等性能优良，寿命略长。2实验部分2．1仪器日立180－50型原子吸收分光光度计；汞空心阴极灯，灯电流6mA，波长253．7urn，狭缝2．6urn，空气／乙炔火焰；自制维…     

简便快速的硫化氢测定法

本文提出了有一种简易快速测定剂来测定水样中的硫化氢的方法。该法的检出限为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，对１．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｈ２Ｓ样品７次测定的相对标准偏差＜４．１％，１ｈ能测定１２个样品。用本测定了几种水样中的Ｈ２Ｓ含量，回收率为８４％－１０５％。应用它可上标准法的４ｈ左右缩短到５ｍｉｎ；使分析成本降低９／１０；不需配制一系列分析试剂和仪器，只需一支小型塑料管和几片药片，便于渔业水质和环境水质的野外现场监测。     

流动注射石英管原子吸收法测定微量总汞

建立了一套流动注射石英管原子吸收光谱法测定土壤、植物和药品等样品中微量Hg的方法，研究了酸度、载液和还原液流速及其浓度、氩气流量等条件对测定结果的影响。采用五氧化二钒、硝酸、硫酸进行消解，可获得可靠的分析结果。方法特征量为59pg，检出限为0.028μg/L；相对标准偏差为1.60%-3.86%；回收率为94％－102％。     

共价氢化物与汞离子反应的研究：痕量锗高灵敏度分析方法

报道了一种氢化物发生－冷原子荧光法间接测定痕量锗的新方法。找出最佳实验条件并将此法用于植物及水样中痕量锗测定，结果令人满意。方法简便、快速、灵敏。对水中痕量锗检出限０．１μＬｇ／Ｌ，回收率９２％以上。     

利用巯基棉富集分离和鲁米诺-过氧化氢-铬(Ⅲ)化学发光体系测定水样中痕量砷

本文提出了用鲁米诺－过氧化氢－铬（Ⅲ）化学发光体系结合巯基棉时As（Ⅲ）的分离．建立了快速简单的测定水样中痕量砷的新方法。检测范围宽（0．10～1．0×104μg／L）、检测下限为3．4×102μg／L，且选择性好。直接用于环境水样的分析，5次测定的相对标准偏差为4．2％～10．6％；回收率为95％～103％。     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中的汞

报道了氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中汞的方法。方法操作简便、线性好、灵敏度高(特征浓度为0．25mg／L／1％),精密度和准确度好,直接测定信号值,提高了分析速度,各项技术指标均能满足环境监测规范要求。     

水中微量汞的快速测定

本文提出了一种快速测定水中微量汞的新方法。采用KBrO_3-HCl-HNO_3体系在室温下破坏水样中的有机汞,产生的无机汞用自制的KBH_4片剂还原,用测汞仪测定。此法具有简便、快速、精密度和灵敏度较好等优点,适合大批量水样的分析。     

固相萃取预富集—液相色谱分离测定痕量钴,铜,汞的研究

本文报道了固相萃取预富集处理样品继以液相色谱分离测定痕量Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的方法。用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠作络合剂及乙醇作洗脱液的预富集系统能在线富集Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｈｇ（Ⅱ），富集倍数与富集时间成正比。对实验的最佳条件进行了探讨。用于测定合成水样中Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和Ｈｇ（Ⅱ），回收率分别为９７．１％、９７．７％和９６．９％。相对标准偏差为３．５％、２．７％和２．６％     

氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定虾中砷和汞

建立了氢化物原子荧光法同时测定虾中砷和汞的方法。研究了样品前处理及实验条件对测定砷、汞的原子荧光强度的影响，并探讨了共存离子对测定砷、汞的干扰和消除的方法。本方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点，砷和汞的检出限分别为0．026μg/L和0．020μg／L；相对标准偏差分别为1．7％～9．4％和1．2％～9．4％；回收率为98％～106％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).