Optical design for a laser flow meter

For studying reversing velocities, a laser Doppler system has been developed at Southampton University that gives an instantaneous velocity record. This article describes the optical principles needed for efficient design of the instrument.     

扫描式线宽测量仪

本文所研究的扫描式线宽测量仪是一种带光度测量的非接触式测量精密线宽的显微镜,可以对微小尺寸上反映出来的光度变化通过光电转换变成电信号经A/D输入计算机进行数据处理,并且将处理结果以距离——强度形式显示出来,测量精度可达1.3μm。     

多段电容式锅炉液位测量系统设计

由于传统的锅炉汽包水位测量多采用差压式水位计、云母水位计等方法,测量过程中存在汽水分界面不明显,需要温度、压力补偿及投入麻烦等缺陷,为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于电容数字转换技术专用芯片Pcap01的智能多段式液位测量系统,并且应用HART通讯单元访问传感器的测量过程参数、设备组态、校准等信息。对多段电容式液位测量系统的总体方案、传感器设计、电容测量电路、HART通讯电路的设计进行了详细论述,同时设计了HART通讯软件和液位测量采集软件。对所设计的多段电容式锅炉液位测量系统经过试验表明,该液位计精度高、操作简单方便,解决了传统液位测量的缺陷,可以满足实际现场要求。     

推进剂用超声液位仪

一类发射体的推进剂具有剧毒,强腐蚀,易挥发,易燃易等特点,一般贮存在密封容器中,如运用通常的接触式仪器对其储罐中的液位进行检测,则仪器使用寿命很短,本文介绍了运输,贮存容器中的液位,能进行非接触式精确测量超声液位仪。     

Weak measurements with a qubit meter

We derive schemes to measure the so-called weak values of quantum system observables by coupling of the system to a qubit meter system. We highlight, in particular, the meaning of the imaginary part of the weak values, and show how it can be measured directly on equal footing with the real part of the weak value. We present compact expressions for the weak value of single qubit observables and of product observables on qubit pairs. Experimental studies of the results are suggested with cold trapped ions.     

Resonant speed meter for gravitational-wave detection

Gravitational-wave detectors have been well developed and operated with a high sensitivity. However, they still suffer from mirror displacement noise. In this Letter, we propose a resonant speed meter as a displacement noise-canceled configuration based on a ring-shaped synchronous recycling interferometer. The remarkable feature of this interferometer is that, at certain frequencies, gravitational-wave signals are amplified, while displacement noises are not.     

Tilt meter as a tilt-independent accelerometer

The working principles of a new kind of accelerometer that allows tilt angle to be measured separately from linear acceleration are presented here. This device could have relevant applications for creating inertial platforms and where an inertial suspension for test masses is needed, as it is the case of interferometric gravitational wave detectors.     

超声波盐酸浓度计的研制

本文介绍了一种根据盐酸浓度、温度和声速三者之间的相互关系来进行在线检测的超声波盐酸浓度计。通过实验,作者精确地测定了不同浓度和温度的盐酸溶液中的超声波声速,给出了盐酸的声速浓度系数和声速温度系数。     

A particle timing laser velocity meter

A fluid velocity meter is described; this operates by measuring the time taken for individual dust particles carried in the flow to travel between two points in space. A laser is used to produce two light beams parallel to one another and approximately normal to the flow direction. These beams are focused to two point or line foci in the region of interest: these foci are separated by a distance of the order of 1 mm in the flow direction. A particle crossing both foci in succession gives two scattered light pulses, and the time interval between these is measured by an oscilloscope or digital chronometer. The particles are natural dust particles occurring in the laboratory air or tap water. As in Doppler and fringe anemometers, the advantage of the laser is its spatial coherence: it enables extreme intensity to be obtained in small, well-defined regions. The instrument might be described as a fringe anemometer in which all the light is concentrated into the two end fringes, the others being eliminated.     

A digital frequency meter for MM waves

This is a brief account of a design of the digital frequency meter applied to mm wave techniques. In measurement of frequency by the method of oscillatory absorption, it has two harmonic mixing systems instead of the usual single harmonic mixing system.     

High precision wavelength meter with Fabry-Perot optics

A high precision wavelength meter in the visible is described, which is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer with several etalons of different resolution. The interference fringe pattern projected on a photo-diode array detector is computationally processed to give a stepwise refinement of the wavelength value to any adjusted accuracy. The present model intends to provide digital and real-time values of high precision wavelength for dye-laser spectroscopy, and to serve as a monitor or as a pilot for wavelength control of a dye-laser source of nanosecond pulses. The model is, therefore, designed with particular emphasis on its short-pulse capability and on-line mode of operation as well as on its high sensitivity and resolution. Some arrangements of essential necessity are involved therein, such as to avoid an errorneous wavelength readout for a noisy incidence of pulsed field. The ultimate accuracy of wavelength measurement is prescribed by the resolving power of the thickest etalon employed. As applied to the pulsed source, the model determines the wavelength to the accuracy of ±one part in 10⁷ for even a single shot nanosecond incidence of a fraction of μJ energy. The design and performance are described in connection to pulsed dye-laser incidence.     

A dose meter for pulsed neutron fields

Many active radiation detectors exhibit severe limitations in pulsed radiation fields, which cannot be easily overcome without the design of new technology. Therefore a new area dose monitor for the measurement of pulsed and continuous neutron and gamma radiation fields was developed. The measurement of pulsed radiation is based on activation of short-lived nuclides in the detector materials or in the surroundings. The instrument comprises a thermal neutron detector in a moderator for neutron detection and a plastic scintillator for beta and gamma detection. These detectors are measuring direct radiation and also decay particles from the instable activated nuclei. The data are time-resolved acquired by a fast FADC module and the delayed decay products are identified by analyzing their timing characteristics. Measurements with pulsed and with continuous radiation are reported.     

智能化超声波NaOH溶液浓度在线检测仪

本文简要介绍了用超声方法测定NaOH溶液浓度的原理,浓度、温度及声时关系的测量结果,以及智能化超声波NaOH溶液浓度在线检测仪的结构、提高精度方法。研制的在线式NaOH溶液浓度检测仪经现场使用证明其精度优于±0.1％。     

Quantum speed meter in laser gravitational antennas

A method of enhancing the sensitivity of laser gravitational antennas based on tracking of the velocity of the antenna reflectors instead of conventional tracking of their displacement is considered. This method allows one to overcome the standard quantum detection limit for a weak force. An optical scheme of a gravitational wave detector on the basis of a speed meter is considered. The formulas for the limiting sensitivity of the given scheme taking optical losses into account are obtained. The possibility of realizing the considered measurement method in presently existing laser gravitational antennas is analyzed.