MATLAB在数项级数敛散性分析中的应用

本文基于MATLAB符号计算和图形可视化功能,从多个角度对数项级数的计算及敛散性分析进行了实现和验证,旨在激发学生学习兴趣和提升课堂教学质量.     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地葡萄树生长模拟模型研究

建立了葡萄树生长水分数学模型、葡萄树生长碳氮数学模型、葡萄树生长根和叶数学模型,为了检验和应用此数学模型计算吐鲁番-哈密盆地葡萄树需水量,采用数值模拟的方法求了数学模型的近似解,用MATLAB软件得出精度较高的数值解,并用图形的方式将解的形态显示出来.     

土壤重金属复合污染整体模型研究

在重金属迁移建模研究成果的基础上,考虑土壤对重金属的吸附特性,推导出土壤重金属复合污染物迁移转化整体模型.为求解该模型,分别引进Langmuir等温竞争吸附模型与土壤水分迁移模型.最后,以重金属Zn和Cd为例,数值模拟其在土壤中的垂向迁移过程,并利用MATLAB画出相关图形.     

基于MATLAB打造高中数学灵动课堂

随着互联网、人工智能技术的快速发展,MATLAB的应用越来越广泛.本文分析了传统高中数学教学中的不足,并提出使用MATLAB打造高中数学灵动课堂.在使用MATLAB对高中数学做计算分析时发现,MATLAB不仅能生动形象的绘制各种复杂函数,而且对模拟逼近计算有着非常出色的表现,能在一定程度上使得课堂变得更加灵动、更有趣味.     

利用几何基本图形 提高学生解题能力

文章对相似三角形一章的基本图形及其衍生出的基本图形和教材分布等情况进行了研究,并阐述了如何引导学生认识基本图形以及如何培养学生运用基本图形的能力,从而提高解题能力.     

在一般观念引领下探索空间几何图形的性质——“立体几何初步”内容分析与教学思考

在义务教育阶段,学生学习的“图形与几何”内容主要有:空间和平面基本图形的认识,图形的概念、性质和度量;图形的平移、旋转、轴对称、相似和投影;平面图形基本性质的证明;运用坐标描述图形的位置和运动;等等.学生在掌握“图形与几何”的基础知识、基本技能的同时,空间观念得到了一定发展,在借助图形思考问题的过程中,初步建立了几何直观.因为初中几何课程主要以平面图形为研究对象,所以在高中几何课程中,首先需要建立基本立体图形的概念,认识点、直线和平面的位置关系,在此基础上再用适当的工具和方法展开空间图形性质与关系的研究.     

有关对称图形的中考题

中学的对称图形包括轴对称图形和中心对称图形.近年来,各地的中考题不再局限于考查课本上学过的对称图形,而是联系生活实际,考查身边的漂亮图形,既体现了数学的对称美,又培养了应用意识,提高了数学兴趣.下面就2003     

与圆有关的定性变换

按一定的方法把一个图形变成另一个图形叫做图形变换.经过变换,图形的一些性质改变了,而另一些性质仍然保留下来.本文介绍一种常见的图形变换——与圆有关的定性变换,这种图形变换一般以课本例习题为原型,只改变图形的内部结构,而不改变其基本性     

相似模型在平面直角坐标系中的应用

1问题提出 在学习三角形相似时,我们常常喜欢把一些类似的图形进行归类,形成相似三角形的一些“基本图形”,大家比较熟悉的有A型相似图形和X型相似图形．这些“基本图形”反应了一对相似三角形的基本“框架结构”,若能将这些“框架结构”牢记于心,当遇到较为复杂数学问题或图形时,就可以很快从中分离出某个“基本图形”,从而有效地解决问题．笔者在研究了近几年的中考试题时发现,很多试题都会用到形如图1的“基本图形”,部分中考压轴题也常常以函数图像为载体来设计问题,需要用到形如图1的“基本图形”来解决．     

平面对称图形与空间对称图形的关系

在高中新教材《对称与群》这一专题中,介绍了对称变换与对称图形,并给出了平面对称图形与空间对称图形如下的定义:平面对称图形设Γ是平面α上的一个图形,如果存在一个平面α上的非恒等的保距变换σ,使得σ(Γ)=Γ,即Γ在σ下的象与Γ重合,那么Γ叫做平面对称图形;空间对称图形     

Creep of polymer concrete in the nonlinear region

Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.     

Peridynamics via finite element analysis

Peridynamics is a recently developed theory of solid mechanics that replaces the partial differential equations of the classical continuum theory with integral equations. Since the integral equations remain valid in the presence of discontinuities such as cracks, the method has the potential to model fracture and damage with great generality and without the complications of mathematical singularities that plague conventional continuum approaches. Although a discretized form of the peridynamic integral equations has been implemented in a meshless code called EMU, the objective of the present paper is to describe how the peridynamic model can also be implemented in a conventional finite element analysis (FEA) code using truss elements. Since FEA is arguably the most widely used tool for structural analysis, this implementation may hasten the verification of peridynamics and significantly broaden the range of problems that the practicing analyst might attempt. Also, the present work demonstrates that different subregions of a model can be solved with either the classical partial differential equations or the peridynamic equations in the same calculation thus combining the efficiency of FEA with the generality of peridynamics. Several example problems show the equivalency of the FEA and the meshless peridynamic approach as well as demonstrate the utility and robustness of the method for problems involving fracture, damage and penetration.     

Variation of the structure and permeability of tensioned fiber layers during impregnation with a thermoplastic polymer melt

The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.     

Price Expectations and Cobwebs Under Uncertainty

Classical approaches to location problems are based on the minimization of the average distance (the median concept) or the minimization of the maximum distance (the center concept) to the service facilities. The median solution concept is primarily concerned with the spatial efficiency while the center concept is focused on the spatial equity. The k-centrum model unifies both the concepts by minimization of the sum of the k largest distances. In this paper we investigate a solution concept of the conditional median which is a generalization of the k-centrum concept taking into account the portion of demand related to the largest distances. Namely, for a specified portion (quantile) of demand we take into account the entire group of the corresponding largest distances and we minimize their average. It is shown that such an objective, similar to the standard minimax, may be modeled with a number of simple linear inequalities. Equitable properties of the solution concept are examined.     

The Cauchy problem for ut=Δu+|∇u|

With q a positive real number, the nonlinear partial differential equation in the title of the paper arises in the study of the growth of surfaces. In that context it is known as the generalized deterministic KPZ equation. The paper is concerned with the initial-value problem for the equation under the assumption that the initial-data function is bounded and continuous. Results on the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions are obtained.     

含有批处理机的三机流水作业加工总长问题在某些情形下的强NP困难性

本文研究含有批处理机的三台机器流水作业加工总长问题在某些情形下的计算复杂性。在批处理机上同时加工的工件组成一个工件批，一个工件批的所有工件同时开始、同时结束。当批处理机的容量有限时，我们证明了下列情形为强NP困难的：第一台机器是批处理机、其余两台机器是单机；第二台机器是单机、其余两台机器是批处理机；第三台机器是批处理机、其余两台机器是单机。     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

A model for predicting the shear bearing capacity of FRP-strengthened beams

The shear failure of reinforced concrete beams needs more attention than the bending failure since no or only small warning precedes the failure. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to understand the shear bearing capacity and also to be able to undertake significant rehabilitation work if necessary. In this paper, a design model for the shear strengthening of concrete beams by using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) is presented, and the limitations of the truss model analogy are highlighted. The fracture mechanics approach is used in analyzing the bond behavior between the FRP composites and concrete. The fracture energy of concrete and the axial rigidity of the FRP are considered to be the most important parameters. The effective strain in the FRP when the debonding occurs is determined. The limitations of the anchorage length over the cross section are analyzed. A simple iterative design method for the shear debonding is finally proposed. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 357–372, May–June, 2008.     

Dynamical Spin Susceptibility in the t–J Model in the Superconducting Phase

Dynamical spin susceptibility is calculated for the t–J model in the superconducting phase using the memory function method in terms of the Hubbard operators. The self-consistent system of equations for the memory function is obtained within the mode-coupling approximation. Both itinerant hole excitations and localized spin fluctuations contribute to the memory function. Moreover, the itinerant contribution itself consists of two parts, i.e., the contribution of Bogoliubov quasiparticles and that of Cooper pairs. The spin dynamics is diffusive in the hydrodynamic limit, but the itinerant part does not contribute to the spin diffusion. In the high frequency region, spin–wave-like excitations continue to exist. We discuss our analytic results in the light of neutron scattering experiments performed on the cuprate superconductors.     

Gaussian Versus Optimal Integration of Analytic Functions

We consider error estimates for optimal and Gaussian quadrature formulas if the integrand is analytic and bounded in a certain complex region. First, a simple technique for the derivation of lower bounds for the optimal error constants is presented. This method is applied to Szeg?-type weight functions and ellipses as regions of analyticity. In this situation, the error constants for the Gaussian formulas are close to the obtained lower bounds, which proves the quality of the Gaussian formulas and also of the lower bounds. In the sequel, different regions of analyticity are investigated. It turns out that almost exclusively for ellipses, the Gaussian formulas are near-optimal. For classes of simply connected regions of analyticity, which are additionally symmetric to the real axis, the asymptotic of the worst ratio between the error constants of the Gaussian formulas and the optimal error constants is calculated. As a by-product, we prove explicit lower bounds for the Christoffel-function for the constant weight function and arguments outside the interval of integration. September 7, 1995. Date revised: October 25, 1996.