Spin coupling in the supramolecular structure of a new tetra(quinoline-TEMPO)yttrium(III) complex

The newly synthesized tetra(quinoline-TEMPO)yttrium(III) potassium salt shows interesting structural features at the molecular and supramolecular levels, revealed by the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. The magnetic susceptibility and EPR data corroborated with structural considerations showed that the exchange and dipolar spin coupling interactions are taking place at the nodes assembling the supramolecular 2D structure. The Y(III) center shows antiprismatic octacoordination, close to the idealized D2 symmetry. The diamagnetic transition metal plays no role in mediating the radical interactions since the TEMPO-type fragments are remote from the chelating moieties of the ligand. In turn, significant interaction occurs on the nodes consisting in the quasi-rectangular coordination of potassium counterions by the spin-bearing TEMPO groups coming from four distinct complex units. The antiferromagnetic susceptibility was consistently modeled by a spin Hamiltonian based on the rectangle topology of four spins S = 1/2. The fitted exchange parameters are Ja = -5.1 cm-1 and Jb = -3.4 cm-1 for the edges, imposing Jd = 0 for the diagonal. These values are in excellent agreement with the ab initio results Ja = -4.83 cm-1, Jb = -3.44 cm-1, Jd = -0.07 cm-1 obtained in a CASSCF(12,8) calculation. Based on the reliability of the ab initio results we were able to select the presented J parameters among several versions of multiple solutions with acceptable goodness of the fit. A methodological caveat about the artifacts of the automatic use of best fit parameters, in the absence of supplementary criteria, in the context of relative blindness of magnetic susceptibility modeling, is raised. The details of the EPR spectrum at 10 K are also consistent, in the frame of dipolar approximation, with the model of four interacting spins at the nodes of the supramolecular assembling.     

A theoretical study of the structure and spectrum of 1,3,5-hexatriene,Part II

The results of ab initio STO-3G and STO-4G calculations are reported on tTt- and tCt-1,3,5-hexatriene, including a STO-3G partial geometry optimization of all C/C bond lengths in both isomers. Results are also reported from a partial INDO geometry optimization on.the tTt-isomer, and complete optimizations on both isomers using empirical consistent force Meld programs. Significant discrepancies are found to exist between these calculated structures and those based on the electron diffraction analysis of Traetteberg. In addition, further results of a CNDO/S spectral analysis are presented and compared with experiment.     

Rotationally invariant ab initio evaluation of Coulomb and exchange parameters for DFT+U calculations

Conventional density functional theory (DFT) fails for strongly correlated electron systems due to large intra-atomic self-interaction errors. The DFT+U method provides a means of overcoming these errors through the use of a parametrized potential that employs an exact treatment of quantum mechanical exchange interactions. The parameters that enter into this potential correspond to the spherically averaged intra-atomic Coulomb (U) and exchange (J) interactions. Recently, we developed an ab initio approach for evaluating these parameters on the basis of unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) theory, which has the advantage of being free of self-interaction errors and does not require experimental input [Mosey and Carter, Phys. Rev. B 76, 155123 (2007)]. In this work, we build on that method to develop a more robust and convenient ab initio approach for evaluating U and J. The new technique employs a relationship between U and J and the Coulomb and exchange integrals evaluated using the entire set of UHF molecular orbitals (MOs) for the system. Employing the entire set of UHF MOs renders the method rotationally invariant and eliminates the difficulty in selecting unambiguously the MOs that correspond to localized states. These aspects overcome two significant deficiencies of our earlier method. The new technique is used to evaluate U and J for Cr(2)O(3), FeO, and Fe(2)O(3). The resulting values of U-J are close to empirical estimates of this quantity for each of these materials and are also similar to results of constrained DFT calculations. DFT+U calculations using the ab initio parameters yield results that are in good agreement with experiment. As such, this method offers a means of performing accurate and fully predictive DFT+U calculations of strongly correlated electron materials.     

Crystallographic studies of intra- and intermolecular interactions. Part 4. A comparative study of the effect of through-resonance on the geometry of p-nitro- and p-nitrosophenolate anions

The VB- and the HOSE-model calculations carried out on the basis of an experimental geometry of p-nitro- and p-nitrosophenolate anions revealed that the NO₂ group is a much weaker-electron acceptor than the NO group. The STO-3G ab initio calculation with optimization of the geometry supported this view. Electrochemical study in an aprotic solvent (DMF) yielded estimates of electron affinity for nitro- and nitrosobenzene and indicated a much lower value for the latter, supporting stronger electron accepting properties of the NO group in p-X-Ph-NO systems with X-electron donating substitutents. -electron distribution in p-nitrosophenolate anions depends strongly on H-bonding interactions in a crystal lattice as deduced directly from the HOSE-model and the VB calculations for the experimental geometry.     

CX3NO(X=F、Cl)分子结构和稳定性的ab initio研究

本文用STO-3G基组对分子CF_3NO(1)、CF_2ClNO(2)、CFCI_2NO(3)和CCl_3NO(4)的各种可能存在的稳定构型进行了研究. 结果表明:(1) 卤素与氧在同侧的构型比其它构型稳定; (2) 在同一分子中, Cl与O同侧比F与O同侧更为稳定; (3) 分子从1至4稳定性下降. 本文计算结果与实验符合较好。     

Theoretical study of the changes in the electronic structure of benzonitrile accompanying its conversion into a radical anion

The electronic structure of benzonitrile and its radical anion have been investigated at different levels of ab initio MO theory: STO-3G, 6-31G and 6-31G^**. The changes in the electronic structure of the neutral molecule accompanying its conversion into the corresponding radical anion have been estimated. It was established that the radicalization leads to significant changes in the bond lengths with double and triple bond character expressed in the conjugated system. The distribution of the total atomic charges on transition from the neutral molecule to the corresponding radical anion have been investigated using the Mulliken population analysis. The distribution of the odd electron density in the radical anion was estimated at the different basis sets: STO-3G, 6-31G and 6-31G^**. The ab initio calculations suggest that the quinoid structure is preferred for the radical anion.     

A theoretical study of the SiCl3 and GeCl3 radicals

Ab initio UHF and SW xα calculations have been performed on the SiCl₃ and GeCl₃ radicals. Geometrical structures and inversion barriers were predicted from ab initio calculations, and ionization potentials, electron affinities and electronegativities were obtained via the SW Xα method. Changes in geometrical and electronic properties along the series (XCl₃; X = C, Si, Ge) are discussed.     

Ab initio prediction of the vibrational spectrum of the hydrogen bonded complex O2N...HONO2

The changes in the structural parameters and vibrational characteristics (vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities) arising from the hydrogen bonding between NO(2) and HONO(2) have been studied employing ab initio 6-31G(d, p)/UHF and 6-31+G(d, p)/UHF, and B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) calculations. The charge rearrangement upon hydrogen bonding have been, estimated using the Mulliken population analyses. It was established that the complexation between NO(2) and HONO(2) leads to changes in the structural parameters and the vibrational characteristics of the monomers. The most sensitive to the hydrogen bond formation are the vibrational characteristics of the normal modes of the monomer bonds participating in the hydrogen bonding. The predicted shifts in the vibrational frequencies by ab initio and B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) calculations are in very good agreement with the experimentally observed, which is an evidence for the reliance of the studied structure.     

Mo2(CN)11]:5- A detailed description of ligand-field spectra and magnetic properties by first-principles calculations

An ab initio multiconfigurational approach has been used to calculate the ligand-field spectrum and magnetic properties of the title cyano-bridged dinuclear molybdenum complex. The rather large magnetic coupling parameter J for a single cyano bridge, as derived experimentally for this complex by susceptibility measurements, is confirmed to a high degree of accuracy by our CASPT2 calculations. Its electronic structure is rationalized in terms of spin-spin coupling between the two constituent hexacyano-monomolybdate complexes. An in-depth analysis on the basis of Anderson's kinetic exchange theory provides a qualitative picture of the calculated CASSCF antiferromagnetic ground-state eigenvector in the Mo dimer. Dynamic electron correlations as incorporated into our first-principles calculations by means of the CASPT2 method are essential to obtain quantitative agreement between theory and experiment.     

Non-empirical molecular orbital studies of the possibility of ferromagnetic ordering in isoelectron-substituted ferrocarbon modifications

The vertical singlet-triplet (ST) splitting in the C₃H₆ molecule and C₂BH⁻₆ and C₂NH⁺₆ ions has been investigated by means of ab initio calculations. The molecular geometry was either taken as that corresponding to the UHF/6-31G^* or UHF/6-31+G^* energy minimum of the triplet configuration (for C₃H₆, C₂BH⁻₆, C₂NH⁺₆), or was extracted from the ferrocarbon crystal (for C₃H₆). Polarized split-valence basis sets (6-31G^*, 6-31+G^* and 6-311G^**) and fourth-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at the MP4SDTQ level of approximation provides more reliable ST splitting values, than the MP4SDQ level, the latter being the most accurate method used in our previous work. These calculations prove the presence of ferromagnetic ordering within the same quasi-graphite plane of ferrocarbon crystal. The presence of such ordering has been shown within the same quasi-graphite plane upon substitution of sp³ carbon atoms by ions B⁻, N⁺ and so on.     

自由基CH2CO+的平衡构型和超精细耦合常数的从头计算

本文用UHF从头计算法处理π自由基CH_2CO~+, 确定基态并研究其平衡构型, 电子结构和自旋性质。在自旋性质的计算中, 本文使用了由Amos和Snyder~(1)提出的方法。通过从UHF波函数中投影去掉最主要的污染自旋成分, 得到近似的自旋纯态波函数。由这种波函数得到的关于自旋性质的计算结果比UHF结果大为改善, 计算的hfc常数与ESR实验结果符合得相当好。     

Determination of the orientation of azathioprine adsorbed on a silver electrode by SERS and ab initio calculations

We report the SERS spectrum of azthioprine (AZA) on a silver electrode surface and the results of normal mode calculations using empirical and ab initio calculations of the 6-mercaptopurione (6-MP) component of AZA. The empirical calculations were done with a Urey-Bradley force field (UBFF) and the ab initio calculations with the STO-3G basis set using the UHF, MP2 and BLYP methods. From the difference between the SERS and solid spectra, we determined that AZA attaches edge-on to the surface through the N3 site on the 6-MP component of the molecule. The UBFF calculation on an Ag adatom-molecule model reproduced most of the main observed frequency shifts in the SERS spectrum. With a similar model, the ab initio calculations yielded frequency shifts in the same direction as the one observed for the in-plane normal modes, but they yielded opposite shifts for the out-of-plane normal modes. This phenomenon may be attributed to a face-on interaction of the 6-MP component with a neighboring adatom made possible by an inclination of the molecule on the surface.     

有机双自由基体系的磁性偶合规律

采用量子化学从头算UHF方法对系列有机双自由基体系的基态自旋耦合规律进行研究, 进一步证实了自由基之间在共轭体系中出现铁磁性耦合的拓扑规则,统一了关于自由基耦合规律的几种解释, 为有机磁性材料的实验合成提供了理论指导。     

Spin-orbit coupled potential energy surfaces and properties using effective relativistic coupling by asymptotic representation

A new method has been reported recently [H. Ndome, R. Welsch, and W. Eisfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 034103 (2012)] that allows the efficient generation of fully coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs) including derivative and spin-orbit (SO) coupling. The method is based on the diabatic asymptotic representation of the molecular fine structure states and an effective relativistic coupling operator and therefore is called effective relativistic coupling by asymptotic representation (ERCAR). The resulting diabatic spin-orbit coupling matrix is constant and the geometry dependence of the coupling between the eigenstates is accounted for by the diabatization. This approach allows to generate an analytical model for the fully coupled PESs without performing any ab initio SO calculations (except perhaps for the atoms) and thus is very efficient. In the present work, we study the performance of this new method for the example of hydrogen iodide as a well-established test case. Details of the diabatization and the accuracy of the results are investigated in comparison to reference ab initio calculations. The energies of the adiabatic fine structure states are reproduced in excellent agreement with reference ab initio data. It is shown that the accuracy of the ERCAR approach mainly depends on the quality of the underlying ab initio data. This is also the case for dissociation and vibrational level energies, which are influenced by the SO coupling. A method is presented how one-electron operators and the corresponding properties can be evaluated in the framework of the ERCAR approach. This allows the computation of dipole and transition moments of the fine structure states in good agreement with ab initio data. The new method is shown to be very promising for the construction of fully coupled PESs for more complex polyatomic systems to be used in quantum dynamics studies.     

An ab initio reinvestigation of the geometric and electronic structure of boron trioxide

In an attempt to resolve the controversy over the structure of the boron trioxide (B₂O₃) molecule an ab initio molecular orbital study employing a minimal STO-3G basis set with complete geometry optimization is reported. Our results indicate that B₂O₃ is a planar “w” shaped molecule with a rather small inversion barrier around the central atom and a quite important coupling between BOB and OBO angles. The computed bond distances are consistent with previous electron diffraction results, whereas the apex angle is in better agreement with the most recent IR study. The results obtained by the MNDO method are in good agreement with the ab initio ones. The electronic structure of B₂O₃ is discussed by means of Walsh diagrams and Mulliken population analysis.     

Electronic structures of the free radicals derived from ascorbic acid and α-hydroxytetronic acid

Calculations on several free radicals derived from ascorbic acid, and α-hydroxytetronic acid are reported. The calculations have been carried out both with the INDO method and the ab initio UHF method. The calculated spin densities are only consistent with the assignment of the structure of the predominant radical derived from these molecules to the anion radical.     

Treatment of collinear and noncollinear electron spin within an approximate density functional based method

We report benchmark calculations of the density functional based tight-binding method concerning the magnetic properties of small iron clusters (Fe2 to Fe5) and the Fe13 icosahedron. Energetics and stability with respect to changes of cluster geometry of collinear and noncollinear spin configurations are in good agreement with ab initio results. The inclusion of spin-orbit coupling has been tested for the iron dimer.     

Ab initio STUDIES ON NITROXYL RADICAL MODELS OF ORGANIC FERROMAGNETS

The magnetic coupling between the unpaired spin of nitroxyl group (>N--O) and itsneighbor sp~2 carbon atom has been studied in detail by UHF/6--31G and MP4/6-31G methods.and a number of conjugate nitroxyl diradicals have also been studied by ab initio UHFmethod. A simple topological rule about the ferromagnetic coupling between two nitroxylgroups has been revealed by our calculation. Based on this rule as well as ab initio cal-culation, some nitroxyl radical models of organic ferromagnets (OFM) have been proposed,and the possible way of synthesis has also been suggested. Moreover, the ab initio UHF-crystal orbital (UHF--CO) method has been used to characterize the electronic band struc-ture of one of the models. The ab initio UHF--CO results show that this model is a verypromising candidate of OFM,