高超声速低温喷管副喷管参数化设计

 通过对DF化学激光器高超声速低温(HYLTE)喷管副喷管流动与几何参数进行制约关系和敏感性分析,确定了能够对副喷管进行参数化设计的4个基本几何控制参数和2个调节参数,初步建立了HYLTE喷管副喷管的参数化设计方法。引入了相对未混合度作为衡量喷管混合效果的性能参数,建立了较完备的3维反应流数值模拟计算程序。结果表明：该方法选择的基本参数能够敏感地反映HYLTE喷管副喷管的尺寸特征和关键性能。     

环形HYLTE喷管耦合段及光腔区流场的数值模拟

参考传热学相关理论,估算燃烧室的传热损耗分数及相应的平衡温度,确定了主喷管的入口参数设置。在此基础上,对环形HYLTE喷管的耦合段及光腔区流场进行3维的数值模拟,给出了F原子质量分数、静温、静压的空间分布,得到了光腔区各支谱线的小信号增益系数变化曲线。将计算结果与实验结果进行比对,光谱测量结果及移动光轴实验证实了计算模型的合理性。     

基于响应面模型的高超声速低温喷管优化

 建立了高超声速低温(HYLTE)喷管的响应面模型,样本点设计矩阵采用正交试验设计法构造,样本数据通过3维粘性NS方程计算喷管光腔耦合段的多组分混合流场获得。基于HYLTE喷管响应面模型,对喷管进行了多目标优化,定义了综合性能参数,优化后喷管混合性能显著改善,综合性能明显提高。计算表明,基于响应面模型的优化策略,能够满足喷管优化对计算精度和计算量的要求。运用多学科设计优化软件框架iSIGHT作为建模和优化的辅助工具,提高了优化设计的实现效率。     

DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量系数

 对DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量进行了数值和理论计算，得出入口滞止压力在0.01~0.4MPa之间、喉道半高度在0.1~0.9mm之间的喷管的氘气，氢气和氦气质量流量系数，总结出质量流量系数随入口滞止压力和喉道高度的变化规律，并给出拟合公式，为副喷管的设计提供依据。     

无加热氧碘化学激光器超音速喷管

针对氧碘化学激光器的金属喷管在使用过程中需加热保温且存在结构复杂、故障率高等问题,初步选择了几种可用于加工无加热喷管的非金属材料,并以kW级氧碘化学激光器为原型,以聚酰亚胺为例,对激光器运行条件下的喷管温度场进行数值模拟,以验证此种非金属无加热喷管的可行性。结果表明:与金属喷管相比,非金属喷管在不加热保温的情况下能够有效阻止热量传递,防止碘蒸气冷却凝结,满足激光器喷管的使用要求。     

任意长度喷管型面设计方法在气动激光器喷管设计中的应用

 将一种新的任意长度喷管型面设计（ALN）方法应用于气动激光器喷管型面设计,在相同的喷管出口设计马赫数、喷管喉部高度及喷管扩张段长度条件下,设计了4条ALN方法喷管型面,并和一条最短长度（MLN）喷管型面作对比,采用2维气动激光器增益场仿真方法对5个喷管的小信号增益场进行仿真。计算结果表明:ALN方法可以有效地实现增益场分布的控制,选择合理的设计参数得到的喷管长度比MLN喷管更短,小信号增益更大。     

激光推力器喷管热防护实验研究

基于激光推力器喷管热烧蚀因素分析，初步提出了反射式和吸收式两种喷管热防护方法，并相应设计了两种喷管。以10 kW级脉冲式CO2激光器为光源，三次反射激光推力器为对象，进行了两种方式下两种喷管的热防护初步实验研究。结果表明:两种喷管均发生不同程度烧蚀，与相对聚焦位置和激光作用时间有关；反射式热防护通过喷管光学表面对透射激光能量进行二次聚焦，以及良好的循环冷却，可能成为将来激光推力器喷管热防护的备选方案之一。     

一种重复脉冲同轴馈电型陶瓷真空界面

真空界面是脉冲功率装置的薄弱环节,对于重频运行的系统,该问题更为突出。介绍了一种应用于重频脉冲驱动源的陶瓷绝缘子真空界面。首先依据真空沿面闪络设计原则给出了一种改进型同轴馈电陶瓷真空界面绝缘结构,该结构采用陶瓷-金属钎焊连接形式;通过采取均压、屏蔽措施,静电场模拟结果显示,陶瓷沿面电场分布均匀,总场强小于100 kV/cm,沿面分量小于70 kV/cm,阴、阳极三结合点场强均小于40 kV/cm;在输出幅值600 kV、脉宽80 ns、重复频率1~5 Hz可调的脉冲功率驱动源上进行了实验测试,陶瓷真空界面平均绝缘场强达到44 kV/cm,运行稳定;采取(0-1)分布对实验结果进行了统计分析,置信度取为0.9时,陶瓷真空界面的可靠度大于97%。最后,还探讨了表面处理工艺对闪络电压的影响,实验发现,增加表面粗糙度可有效提高陶瓷绝缘子的闪络电压。     

银铜钛膏状钎料钎焊石墨和铜合金接头的微观组织及性能

利用银铜钛(Ag-Cu-Ti)膏状钎料采用真空钎焊的方法对两种不同石墨和铜合金进行钎焊连接实验,研究了钎焊温度、中间缓冲层、母材尺寸等工艺参数对接头性能的影响。采用自行设计模具对接头的剪切强度进行了测试,利用扫描电镜和配带的X射线能谱分析仪分析了接头界面组织形貌及元素物相成分。研究结果表明:当钎焊温度为910℃,保温时间10min时,Ag-Cu-Ti膏状钎料能够与石墨和无氧铜两侧母材形成良好的结合界面;与GA石墨相比,阿泰克石墨与无氧铜接头强度更高;采用1mm无氧铜做中间缓冲层钎焊石墨和铬锆铜时,能有效缓解钎焊热应力,接头强度有明显提高。     

激光推力器喷管热防护实验研究

 基于激光推力器喷管热烧蚀因素分析，初步提出了反射式和吸收式两种喷管热防护方法，并相应设计了两种喷管。以10 kW级脉冲式CO₂激光器为光源，三次反射激光推力器为对象，进行了两种方式下两种喷管的热防护初步实验研究。结果表明：两种喷管均发生不同程度烧蚀，与相对聚焦位置和激光作用时间有关；反射式热防护通过喷管光学表面对透射激光能量进行二次聚焦，以及良好的循环冷却，可能成为将来激光推力器喷管热防护的备选方案之一。     

HYLTE喷管流场混合性能的实验和数值模拟研究

 用激光诱导碘荧光的方法对高超音速低温喷管的混合性能进行了测量，并用CFD软件FLUENT模拟了喷管的流场。两种方法所得的结果吻合得较好，在所给的参数条件下，燃料穿过氧化剂流，后者先被前者压缩，然后稍有膨胀。两股气流充分混合的地方距喷管出口平面10mm左右。实验与模拟的主要差别在于两股气流相遇后，实验结果中气流方向变化不大，而在模拟结果中，气流方向改变为基本上与x轴平行。     

行波管电子枪阴极组件的热计算

 使用ANSYS软件对行波管电子枪阴极组件进行了热分析和结构分析，计算了阴极组件的简化模型的温度和热形变。同时将热分析结果引入行波管设计软件TWTCAD中计算热形变前后电子束的射程、注腰半径、导流系数和面积压缩比的变化，使TWTCAD的计算结果与实验值更为接近。热形变导致电子束各项指标的变化对实际行波管的设计有参考价值。     

Flow-induced noise in a suction nozzle with a centrifugal fan of a vacuum cleaner and its reduction

Noise reduction in a vacuum cleaner with a brush nozzle for cleaning a bed blanket is investigated numerically in fluid dynamic aspects. Governing equations describing nonlinear flow fields in a suction nozzle are solved simultaneously. The components of a rotary fan, a brush drum, and a separation block are installed in the nozzle. First, flow patterns in the nozzle are analyzed and based on them, flow resistance is evaluated to find a primary noise source. Flow resistance induces the loss of a suction performance as well as noise generation. In the brush nozzle, the separation block and the rotary fan obstruct smooth air flow and result in high level of noise emission. The rotation of the fan itself affects little noise generation. From the numerical results, a method to reduce noise and maintain the suction performance is suggested. In this method, the suction performance is increased through the optimization of the separation block, which is attained by the modification of its shape. And then, the height of a fan blade is shortened, leading to the performance loss. At the cost of it, the sound power level of noise is reduced by 4-5 dB(A) and at the same time, the tonal noise and the sound quality are improved appreciably. The method has been verified by experimental tests. It is found that in the brush nozzle, flow resistance is critical in noise emission and accordingly, fluid dynamic approach to noise reduction is effective.     

Fabrication of size-controlled three-dimensional structures consisting of electrohydrodynamically produced polycaprolactone micro/nanofibers

In this paper, we report a facile method of fabricating size-controlled three-dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone (PCL) micro/nanofiber structure using a modified electrospinning supplemented with a specially designed solvent bath in which the flow rate of the solvent (EtOH) was controlled. By varying the flow rate of the EtOH into the grounded bath and the electrospinning parameters including a distance between the nozzle and target, the height, diameter, porosity, and micro/nanofiber size of the 3D structures were controlled. To show stable micro/nanofibrous structures under the fabricating conditions, we characterized a process diagram for various flow rates of EtOH and weight percents of PCL. We believe that this modified electrospinning process may be a new means of fabricating micro/nanofibrous 3D structures.     

A large-size SiO2 waveguide resonator used in integration optical gyroscope

We report on the resonance characteristics of a Si-based ring resonator model with the theory of multiple-beam interference. The resonator consists of a track pattern ring channel waveguides with radius of 2 cm, two input/output directional couplers and one ring resonator coupler. Using the wide angle finite-difference beam propagation method (WA-FDBPM), we presented optimal design of ring resonator and succeed in fabricating the ring resonator by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) method. Observed from the resonance curve, finesse of 16.7 is measured. And a rate detection limit of 1.7°/h can be evaluated.