Geldart‘sA,B和D类粒子振动流化床空气动力学的研究

主要研究Φ１４８ｍｍ的振动圆柱形流化床的空气动力学，研究了振动强度为１－５ｇ，静止床层高度为１００ｍｍ－２００ｍｍ和属于Ｇｅｌｄａｒｔ‘ｓＡ，Ｂ和Ｄ物料等条件下床层压降，最小流化气速和床层空隙率变化，考察振动条件下振动参数，颗粒物性和床层高度等操作参数对空气动力学的影响，得出固定床段的床层压降的升高和最小流化速度的降低是由于床层空隙率的降低所造成的，并由实验结果关联出床层夺降和最小流化气计算式，同     

振动流化床双组分颗粒的轴向浓度分布的研究

在内径为１４８ｍｍ的振动圆柱形流化床中研究焦或渣与介质混合物的轴向浓度与分离／混合程度，考察了振动参数、床层高度和流化气速对分离效率的影响，得出床层高度比较高时，有利于焦或渣在介质中分离的结果和较佳的分离操作范围，为获得细粒焦渣混合物的充分分离奠定了基础。     

不同常压流化床煤气化方案的模型预测 Ⅰ. 模型建立及验证

为评价不同气化方案对常压流化床气化的影响，从化学动力学角度并结合化学平衡建立了流化床气化模型，该模型考虑了煤热解和气化所经历的各反应过程。模型预测结果与文献报道的试验数据吻合较好，气化组分的平方误差和在10%左右，表明该模型可以用来预测各种气化方案对常压流化床气化的气化过程、生成煤气组分和气化效率等方面的影响。     

Taguchi试验方法在CO氧化整体催化剂制备中的应用

采用Taguchi试验方法考察了CO燃烧整体催化剂制备过程中不同涂层、活性组分及其负载方法对催化性能的影响。结果表明，活性组分种类的影响最显著，活性组分负载方法的影响次之，而涂层种类无显著影响；CoOx活性组分及其磁力搅拌沉积沉淀负载法以及酸性硅溶胶涂层是所考察因素的最优条件。实验结果验证了Taguchi方法的有效性。     

电沉积铜箔的微观组织结构——三维电结晶模式中的电结晶机理探讨

电沉积铜箔随着印刷线路板和锂离子电池的大量应用而越来越受到重视,产业规模仍在发展中。相对于电镀设备的制造和电沉积工艺的开发,但有关电沉积的机理方面的研究较少。本文总结了电沉积铜箔的制造过程并分析了不同电沉积铜技术中各电镀参数的差异,指出电沉积电流密度在铜箔形成过程中的重要作用。通过展示和比较不同电沉积铜箔的微观组织结构,讨论了电沉积中各影响因素对铜箔微观组织结构以及对其宏观机械性能的影响。从前人研究结果中发现电沉积条件和镀液组分对铜箔微观组织形貌及其宏观机械性能有重大影响,但电解铜箔的晶粒大小、织构等微观组织结构参数与其宏观机械性能间无法建立起有效的关联,这对以镀层的微观组织结构为桥梁来建立电沉积条件对铜箔宏观机械性能的理论框架带来极大的困扰。前人试图通过研究铜箔电沉积机理来解决这一难题。经典金属电沉积理论认为提高过电位能够增加瞬时成核数量并降低晶粒平均尺寸,但无法解释结晶中择优取向等问题。渡边辙发现电沉积与冶金的相似性,认为电沉积金属的微观组织结构与金属熔点相关,但其“微观结构控制”理论还存在一些缺陷,例如无法解释添加剂对晶粒的细化作用等。笔者建议可从价键及能带理论角度重塑电沉积机理...     

腐蚀法制备工艺对SiC量子点光学性质的影响

通过可控的化学腐蚀法制备碳化硅量子点,以氢氟酸和硝酸的混合液为腐蚀剂腐蚀自蔓延燃烧合成的原始碳化硅粉体,而后经超声空化作用及高速离心层析裁剪获得水相的碳化硅量子点,研究了制备工艺参数对量子点光致发光强度、发射波长等光谱特性及粒子尺寸的影响,结果表明,腐蚀剂组分及其配比是影响量子点光致发光强度的主要因素,而超声振动时间和...     

气固射流床射流深度的研究

在３００×５１×２６００ｍｍ的二维射流床中，采用多路毕托管测试系统，对包括三种双组份混合物在内的五种物料的射流深度进行了考察。结果表明，射流管径、射流气速对射流深度都有影响，本文尤其考察了环隙气量与射流深度的关系，发现在同样的射流气速下，环隙气速增大则射流深度降低，得出了综合各种影响因素的关联式。     

孔结构对铜基甲醇合成催化剂宏观反应速率的影响：II.表面中毒…

建立了表面中毒铜基催化剂上进行ＣＯ和ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇复合反应宏观反应速率的关键组分扩散模型，研究了不同中毒分率下孔结构参数对铜基催化剂的宏观反应速率的影响。结果表明，随着中毒分率增加，失活层的扩散阻力更趋严重，而孔结构参数的影响趋于减小。     

孔结构对铜基甲醇合成催化剂宏观反应速率的影响Ⅱ．表面中毒颗粒催化剂

建立了表面中毒铜基催化剂上进行ＣＯ和ＣＯ＿２加氢合成甲醇复合反应宏观反应速率的关键组分扩散模型，研究了不同中毒分率下孔结构参数对铜基催化剂的定观反应速率的影响。结果表明，随着中毒分率增加，失活层的扩散阻力更趋严重，而孔结构参数的影响趋于减小。     

任意组分两出口体系串级萃取静态优化设计研究

提出了任意组分体系溶剂萃取串级分离工艺的精确算法。并推导了溶剂萃取串级分离萃取平衡和物料平衡关系,给出了两端出口组分组成的最简通用计算公式,解决了静态算法设计的关键问题。利用萃取平衡和物料平衡关系进行静态递推,实现了任意组分体系静态精确设计。这一方法可以解决目前任意组分体系两出口串级分离的理论优化设计问题。     

Effect and optimization of bed properties on water-in-oil emulsion separation

Water-in-oil emulsion separation through a fibrous media bed is a complex process in industries. In this article, in order to select the optimal fibrous material for the separation of water-oil emulsion, three types of commercial fibers as fibrous beds were used to separate water from diesel oil. Based on the principle of orthogonal experimental design, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of such parameters as bed porosity (0.77-0.89), bed length (100-400?mm) and settlement length (120-480?mm) on the separation efficiency and the superficial velocity, and then three parameters were optimized to achieve good separation performance. The experiment showed that the separation efficiency could reach 77% and the flow velocity could reach 30?m/h under the optimal bed structure and stable working conditions. The results of this paper could provide basic designing reference for the industrial application of fibrous bed coalescer.     

煤在热载体流化床中的热解模型

煤粒在热载体流化床中的热解规律对于设计煤气、热、电三联产的关键装置－热载体流化床干馏炉是十分重要的。本文建立了煤粒在热载体流化床中的传热和热解反应的微分方程，并对其进行了数值求解，得到了煤粒度、热载体流化床操作速度、热载体流化床床层温度、热载体颗粒粒径等对煤气产率的影响规律，为热载体流化床干馏炉的设计提供了计算方法和理论依据。     

Diffusiophoresis and electrophoresis of a charged sphere parallel to one or two plane walls

The diffusiophoretic and electrophoretic motions of a dielectric spherical particle in an electrolyte solution located between two infinite parallel plane walls are studied theoretically. The imposed electrolyte concentration gradient or electric field is constant and parallel to the two plates, which may be either impermeable to the ions/charges or prescribed with the far-field concentration/potential distribution. The electrical double layer at the particle surface is assumed to be thin relative to the particle radius and to the particle-wall gap widths, but the polarization effect of the mobile ions in the diffuse layer is incorporated. The presence of the neighboring walls causes two basic effects on the particle velocity: first, the local electrolyte concentration gradient or electric field on the particle surface is enhanced or reduced by the walls, thereby speeding up or slowing down the particle; second, the walls increase the viscous retardation of the moving particle. To solve the conservative equations, the general solution is constructed from the fundamental solutions in both rectangular and spherical coordinates. The boundary conditions are enforced first at the plane walls by the Fourier transforms and then on the particle surface by a collocation technique. Numerical results for the diffusiophoretic and electrophoretic velocities of the particle relative to those of a particle under identical conditions in an unbounded solution are presented for various values of the relevant parameters including the relative separation distances between the particle and the two plates. For the special case of motions of a spherical particle parallel to a single plate and in the central plane of a slit, the collocation results agree well with the approximate analytical solutions obtained by using a method of reflections. The presence of the lateral walls can reduce or enhance the particle velocity, depending on the properties of the particle-solution system, the relative particle-wall separation distances, and the electrochemical boundary condition at the walls. In general, the boundary effects on diffusiophoresis and electrophoresis are quite significant and complicated, and they no longer vary monotonically with the separation distances for some situations.     

Sediment transport investigation near Sagar Island in Hooghly Estuary,Kolkata Port,Kolkata

A radiotracer investigation was carried out in Hooghly Estuary at Kolkata Port Trust, Kolkata to examine the suitability of a dumping site for dredged sediment located at south of shipping channel. Scandium-46 (300 GBq) as scandium glass powder having the particle size distribution ranging from 40 to 100 μm was used as a radiotracer. The tracer was injected onto the seabed at the site using a remotely operated injection system and its movement was tracked using waterproof scintillation detector. The tracer concentration curves were plotted for different trackings. From the tracer concentration curves iso-activity contours were plotted and parameters such as general direction of movement on seabed, transport velocity, transport thickness and bed load movement rate were determined. The analysis of data indicated that the sediment predominantly moves towards north-east direction during the period of the study and coming in the shipping channel. Based on the investigations, it was found that the proposed site is not suitable for dumping the dredged material, as the movement of sediment is towards the shipping channel.     

Microfluidic device based on a micro-hydrocyclone for particle-liquid separation

This paper presents theoretical analysis, design, simulation, fabrication and test of a microfluidic device ('Micro-hydrocyclone') for separation of micron and submicron size solid particles from liquid in a particle liquid mixture. A theoretical analysis of the micro-hydrocyclone is performed to understand the physics and develop suitable design models. The structure of the proposed device is designed based on the Bradley model, as it offers lower cut-size thus making it suitable for microfluidics applications. The operational parameters are derived from the dimensional group model. The particle separation process inside the micro-hydrocyclone is simulated by solving fluid flows using Navier-Stokes equations and particle dynamics using a Lagrangian approach in a Eulerian fluid. The influence of inlet velocity and density on separation efficiency is investigated. The device is fabricated with SU-8 photoresist on a PMMA substrate using a combination of photolithography and micro-milling. Experiments are performed to demonstrate particle-liquid separation using polystyrene microbeads suspended in PBS as the feed sample. The influence of inlet velocity and particle size on particle separation efficiency is measured and compared with that obtained from simulations and a good match was found. The proposed device can be easily integrated with micro-environments thus it is suitable for lab-on-chip and microsystems development. The device may have applications in chemical analysis, materials research, point-of-care, blood sample preparation and other biomedical applications.     

灰熔聚流化床气化炉分布分离结构的模拟研究

通过CFD双欧拉模型模拟了灰熔聚流化床气化炉内气体、固体颗粒于不同气体分布器、灰分离器结构下的流动行为，阐明了不同中心射流气速下的气体、固体流动循环状况；环管内气流分布与扩管张角的关系以及对颗粒运动的影响。研究结果为认识和改善气化炉煤灰的结渣、团聚、分离等过程提供了一定的理论基础。     

Effects of nebulizing and drying gas flow on capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

This study was focused on examining the influence of gas flow parameters on capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE /MS) performance using sheath-liquid CE /MS interfaces. The effects of nebulizing and drying gas velocity and drying gas temperature on CE separation and MS detection sensitivity were systematically determined. Nebulizing gas velocity was observed to be a critical parameter in the optimization of CE /MS method, since it affected both MS detection sensitivity, and also CE separation efficiency for one interface design tested. Better detection sensitivity was obtained when the nebulizing gas velocity was increased. However, high velocity of the nebulizing gas flow can cause a hydrodynamic bulk flow inside the CE capillary, thus clearly increasing the apparent mobility and decreasing the resolution obtained for the compounds studied. Increasing the drying gas velocity or temperature did not affect the apparent mobility or the separation efficiency and the temperature could be increased to achieve the optimal detection sensitivity in the CE /MS analysis. For comparison, the effects of nebulizing gas flow were studied using a different design of the coaxial sheath-liquid CE /MS interface, and in this case better detection sensitivity but no effect on CE separation efficiency was observed with increased nebulizing gas velocity. These different effects of nebulizing gas flow on the CE bulk flow were concluded to result from pressure differences at the tip of the CE capillaries for the different CE /MS interface arrangements. It is therefore recommended that the cross-sectional dimensions of the fused-silica and steel capillaries, and the gas streamlines, should be optimized when CE /MS interfaces are built. Moreover, the effect of gas flow on CE separation should be studied when optimizing the CE /MS operation parameters.     

An Experimental Study on Fluidization of Binary Mixture in Particulate Flows

In this article, we studied experimentally the fluidization of binary mixture in particulate flows. A laboratory fluidized bed is built with water being used as carrying fluid. Three types of solid particles, nylon, glass, and aluminum of the same size and different densities, were used in the experiments. We investigated the wall effect to the fluidization of a single particle, the fluidization of binary mixture of nylon and aluminum with a density ratio of 0.42, and the fluidization of binary mixture of glass and aluminum with a density ratio of 0.91. Our results show that the presence of narrow walls reduces the minimum fluidization velocity for a single particle up to 40%. We also found that in the case of binary mixture of glass and aluminum particles, uniform mixing can be easily achieved with no segregation observed; on the other hand, in the case of binary mixture of nylon and aluminum particles, significant segregation and separation are observed. Based on experimental results, correlation relationships between fluidization velocity and bed height are also reported.     

多组分气固射流床流动特性 Ⅱ流型的划分

在３００×５０×２６００ｍｍ的二维射流流化床中,使用压力波动的功率谱分析方法,考察了９种单一、双组分混合物物性因素（粒径、密度）、操作因素（射流气速、喷口直径、静床高度、环隙气量）对射流流化床的三种流型：气泡串、射流、喷流相互转变的影响。结果表明,在较低静床高时,随着射流气速的增大,射流床内流型由气泡串、射流过渡到喷流;而静床高较高时,射流气速增大仅由气泡串过渡到射流。环隙气量增大、粒径增大、密度增大,喷流流型出现较困难,最后得出了流型转变图及转变的定量关系式     

铈离子改性Y型分子筛吸附剂对苯中噻吩动态吸附及其主要影响因素的研究

通过固定床吸附实验考察了吸附剂的粒径、空速与浓度及床层温度等操作参数对苯中噻吩吸附的影响。结果表明,上述因素分别通过改变内、外扩散过程的传质阻力以及其物理吸附行为来影响噻吩的脱除。最佳的参数是,吸附剂粒径为0.2~0.3 mm,空速为0.85 h^-1,床层温度为室温。在此条件下,CeY吸附剂能将噻吩浓度为500 mg/L苯溶液中的噻吩完全脱除,其噻吩的穿透时间和吸附量可达400 min和4.61 mg/g以上。