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1.
C. Praveen 《Tetrahedron》2009,65(45):9244-4173
An efficient synthesis of 3-substituted indoles by a sequential approach involving gold(I) chloride catalyzed cycloisomerization/bis-addition and conjugate addition of 2-(alkynyl)anilines has been accomplished. A variety of 2-(alkynyl)anilines, aldehydes, isatins and nitroolefins undergo this overall process in good to excellent yields. This methodology represents an effective alternative to the classical C3-functionalization of indoles. 相似文献
2.
Young PC Hadfield MS Arrowsmith L Macleod KM Mudd RJ Jordan-Hore JA Lee AL 《Organic letters》2012,14(3):898-901
Depending on the conditions employed, gold(I)-catalyzed addition of indoles to 3,3-disubstituted cyclopropenes can be controlled to yield either 3-(E)-vinylindoles (3) or bis-indolylalkanes (4). If the cyclopropene substituents are sterically bulky, unprecedented gold-catalyzed oxidation under air occurs to yield bis-indolylalkene (5) and epoxide (6) at room temperature. 相似文献
3.
Functionalized spiro-tetrahydro-β-carbolines were formed by an efficient gold(I)-catalyzed rearrangement reaction of alkynylaziridine indoles. The reaction involved a Friedel–Crafts type intramolecular reaction of alkynylaziridine indoles, following by hydroamination of aminoallene intermediate. 相似文献
4.
With the IPr ligand (IPr=1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) on gold(I) excellent yields in the benzanellation of 2-substituted thiophenes, benzothiophenes, pyrroles, benzofurans, and indoles were achieved. The 1-siloxybut-3-ynyl side chains, incorporated in the anellation, are easily accessible by the addition of a propargyl metal reagent to a formyl group and silylation of the alcohol. This conveniently allows an anellation at the position of the formyl group under mild conditions. All reactions involve a 2,3-shift of the side chain in the anellation step and thus, provide an easy access to specific substitution patterns. Only in the case of 2-substituted indoles with their highly nucleophilic 3-position a direct hydroarylation without shift is observed. On the other hand, 3-substituted indoles give the same products as 2-substituted indoles. Then, a 3,2-shift in the indole ring system has to be involved. 相似文献
5.
Prof. Dr. A. Stephen K. Hashmi Weibo Yang Dr. Frank Rominger 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(21):6576-6580
With the IPr ligand (IPr=1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) on gold(I) excellent yields in the benzanellation of 2‐substituted thiophenes, benzothiophenes, pyrroles, benzofurans, and indoles were achieved. The 1‐siloxybut‐3‐ynyl side chains, incorporated in the anellation, are easily accessible by the addition of a propargyl metal reagent to a formyl group and silylation of the alcohol. This conveniently allows an anellation at the position of the formyl group under mild conditions. All reactions involve a 2,3‐shift of the side chain in the anellation step and thus, provide an easy access to specific substitution patterns. Only in the case of 2‐substituted indoles with their highly nucleophilic 3‐position a direct hydroarylation without shift is observed. On the other hand, 3‐substituted indoles give the same products as 2‐substituted indoles. Then, a 3,2‐shift in the indole ring system has to be involved. 相似文献
6.
An efficient method for intermolecular hydroarylation of aryl and aliphatic alkenes with indoles using a combination of [(PR(3))AuCl]/AgOTf as catalyst under thermal and microwave-assisted conditions has been developed. The gold(I)-catalyzed reactions of indoles with aryl alkenes were achieved in toluene at 85 degrees C over a reaction time of 1-3 h with 2 mol% of [(PR(3))AuCl]/AgOTf as catalyst. This method works for a variety of styrenes bearing electron-deficient, electron-rich, and sterically bulky substituents to give the corresponding products in good to high yields (60-95%). Under microwave irradiation, coupling of unactivated aliphatic alkenes with indoles gave the corresponding adducts in up to 90% yield. Selective hydroarylation of terminal C=C bond of conjugated dienes with indoles gave good product yields (62-81%). On the basis of deuterium-labeling experiments, a reaction mechanism involving nucleophilic attack of Au(I)-coordinated alkenes by indoles is proposed. 相似文献
7.
Formal [4+2] Reaction between 1,3‐Diynes and Pyrroles: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Indole Synthesis by Double Hydroarylation
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Yuka Matsuda Saori Naoe Dr. Shinya Oishi Prof. Dr. Nobutaka Fujii Prof. Dr. Hiroaki Ohno 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(4):1463-1467
Indole synthesis by a gold(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular formal [4+2] reaction between 1,3‐diynes and pyrroles has been developed. This reaction involves the hydroarylation of 1,3‐diynes with pyrroles followed by an intramolecular hydroarylation to give the 4,7‐disubstituted indoles. This reaction can also be applied to the synthesis of carbazoles when indoles are used as the nucleophiles instead of pyrroles. 相似文献
8.
Nitin T. Patil Vipender Singh Ashok Konala Anil Kumar Mutyala 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(11):1493-224
A process involving gold(I)-catalyzed formal carboamination of alkynes for the synthesis of C-3-substituted indoles has been developed. The procedure utilizes easily accessible starting materials such as 2-alkynylanilines and alkynols. A series of C-3-functionalized indoles are accessible by using this one-pot strategy. Mechanistically, the reaction involves three catalytic cycles and each of them is essentially catalyzed by a single metal catalyst, that is, Ph3PAuOTf. 相似文献
9.
Kristina L. Toups Gordon T. Liu Ross A. Widenhoefer 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2009,694(4):571-575
Reaction of a monosubstituted, 1,3-disubstituted, or tetrasubstituted allene with various indoles catalyzed by a 1:1 mixture of a gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex and AgOTf at room temperature leads to hydroarylation with formation of 3-allyl-indoles in modest to good yield. 相似文献
10.
Brand JP Chevalley C Scopelliti R Waser J 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(18):5655-5666
This report describes a full study of the gold-catalyzed direct alkynylation of indoles, pyrroles, and thiophenes using alkynyl hypervalent iodine reagents, especially the study of the structural requirements of alkynyl benziodoxolones for an efficient acetylene transfer to heterocycles. An improved procedure for the alkynylation of pyrroles using pyridine as additive is also reported. Nineteen alkynyl benziodoxol(on)es were synthesized and evaluated in the direct alkynylation of indoles and/or thiophenes. Bulky silyl groups as acetylene substituents were optimal. Nevertheless, transfer of aromatic acetylenes to thiophene was achieved for the first time. An accelerating effect of a methyl substituent in both the 3- and 6-position of triisopropylsilylethynyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (TIPS-EBX) on the reaction rate was observed. Competitive experiments between substrates of different nucleophilicity, deuterium labeling experiments, as well as the regioselectivity observed are all in agreement with electrophilic aromatic substitution. Gold(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate dichloride was also an efficient catalyst for the reaction. Investigations indicated that gold(III) could be eventually reduced to gold(I) during the process. As a result of these investigations, a π activation or an oxidative mechanism are most probable for the alkynylation reaction. 相似文献
11.
12.
Fluorescence, absorption spectra have been produced by the interaction of platinum(IV), silver(I) and gold(III) ions with the berberine–DNA system (berberine, Scheme 1). Platinum(IV) and gold(III) ions show different effects from that of silver(I) ion on the spectral characteristics of the berberine–DNA system. Quenching fluorescence is seen with platinum(IV) and gold(III) ions addition, whereas increasing fluorescence is observed for silver(I) ions. The addition of gold(III) and silver(I) ions cause an increase in absorption of the berberine–DNA system. The above results suggest that different metal ions exhibit different affinities when binding to DNA correlates well with the ions’ charge, structure and the coordination ability. 相似文献
13.
José Barluenga Amadeo Fernández Félix Rodríguez Francisco J. Fañanás 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2009,694(4):546-901
A new site-selective hydroarylation reaction of alkynes catalyzed by gold complexes and directed by an internal hydroxyl group has been developed. Thus, the treatment of 3-butyn-1-ol derivatives with indoles and a catalytic amount of an in situ formed cationic gold complex leads to the formation of bis(indolyl)alkane derivatives. Particularly interesting is the reaction with terminal alkynes as the double addition of the indol occurs at the terminal carbon of the triple bond. The reaction conditions are very mild and the final bis(indolyl)alkanes are obtained in high yields. 相似文献
14.
Ming‐Zhong Wang Dr. Cong‐Ying Zhou Dr. Zhen Guo Dr. Ella Lai‐Ming Wong Dr. Man‐Kin Wong Prof. Chi‐Ming Che 《化学:亚洲杂志》2011,6(3):812-824
Chiral binuclear gold(I) phosphine complexes catalyze enantioselective intermolecular hydroarylation of allenes with indoles in high product yields (up to 90 %) and with moderate enantioselectivities (up to 63 % ee). Among the gold(I) complexes examined, better ee values were obtained with binuclear gold(I) complexes, which displayed intramolecular AuI AuI interactions. The binuclear gold(I) complex 4c [(AuCl)2( L3 )] with chiral biaryl phosphine ligand (S)‐(−)‐MeO‐biphep ( L3 ) is the most efficient catalyst and gives the best ee value of up to 63 %. Substituents on the allene reactants have a slight effect on the enantioselectivity of the reaction. Electron‐withdrawing groups on the indole substrates decrease the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The relative reaction rates of the hydroarylation of 4‐X‐substituted 1,3‐diarylallenes with N‐methylindole in the presence of catalyst 4c [(AuCl)2( L3 )] / AgOTf [ L3 =(S)‐(−)‐MeO‐biphep], determined through competition experiments, correlate (r2=0.996) with the substituent constants σ. The slope value is −2.30, revealing both the build‐up of positive charge at the allene and electrophilic nature of the reactive AuI species. Two plausible reaction pathways were investigated by density functional theory calculations, one pathway involving intermolecular nucleophilic addition of free indole to aurated allene intermediate and another pathway involving intramolecular nucleophilic addition of aurated indole to allene via diaurated intermediate E2 . Calculated results revealed that the reaction likely proceeds via the first pathway with a lower activation energy. The role of AuI AuI interactions in affecting the enantioselectivity is discussed. 相似文献
15.
A Cyclization–Rearrangement Cascade for the Synthesis of Structurally Complex Chiral Gold(I)–Aminocarbene Complexes
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Dr. Filip Kolundžić Dr. Annamalai Murali Dr. Patricia Pérez‐Galán Dipl.‐Chem. Jonathan O. Bauer Prof. Dr. Carsten Strohmann Dr. Kamal Kumar Prof. Dr. Herbert Waldmann 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(31):8122-8126
A facile synthesis of chiral cyclic alkyl aminocarbene–gold(I) complexes from gold‐free 1,7‐enyne substrates was developed. The novel cyclization–rearrangement reaction sequence is triggered by the addition of (Me2S)AuCl to different 1,7‐enynes and leads to structurally unique carbene–gold(I) complexes in high yields. These novel complexes are catalytically active and inhibit the proliferation of different human cancer cell lines. 相似文献
16.
Azocinoindole Synthesis by a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of 2‐Propargyl‐β‐Tetrahydrocarboline
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Lei Zhang Lina Chang Prof. Hongwen Hu Huaqin Wang Prof. Dr. Zhu‐Jun Yao Prof. Dr. Shaozhong Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(10):2925-2932
A new methodology taking advantage of gold(I)‐catalyzed ring expansion has been developed to assemble tricyclic 1H‐azocino[5,4‐b]indoles from 2‐propargyl‐β‐tetrahydrocarbolines. The azocinoindoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields; the structure of which was established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. A mechanism involving regioselective intramolecular hydroarylation, [1,2]‐alkenyl migration and carbon–carbon bond‐fragmentation was proposed. 相似文献
17.
Altamirano MS Bohorquez Mdel V Previtali CM Chesta CA 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2008,112(4):589-593
The fluorescence quenching of pyrene (Py) by a series of N-methyl and N-H substituted indoles was studied in isooctane at 298 K. The fluorescence quenching rate constants were evaluated by mean of steady-state and time-resolved measurements. In all cases, the quenching process involves a charge-transfer (CT) mechanism. The I(o)/I and tau(o)/tau Stern-Volmer plots obtained for the N-H indoles show a very unusual upward deviation with increasing concentration of the quenchers. This behavior is attributed to the self-quenching of the CT intermediates by the free indoles in solution. The efficiency of quenching of the polyaromatic by the N-H indoles increases abruptly in the presence of small amount of added pyridine (or propanol). A detailed analysis of the experimental data obtained in the presence of pyridine provides unambiguous evidence that the self-quenching process involves proton transfer from the CT states to indoles. 相似文献
18.
Jairo Gonzlez Javier Santamaría Alfredo Ballesteros 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,127(46):13882-13885
A gold(I)‐catalyzed synthesis of indanones from trimethylsilylacetylenes and acylsilanes is presented. The reaction is initiated through a synergistic acylsilane activation–gold acetylide formation and involves consecutive alkyne σ‐gold(I) addition, π‐activation, and 1,2‐migration of a silyl group. Studies performed on the reaction mechanism allowed to establish the nature of the silyl migrating group and invoke the participation of a gold(I) carbenoid intermediate. The reaction is completed by a gold(I) C H functionalization step. 相似文献
19.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Silylacetylenes to Acylsilanes: Synthesis of Indanones by CH Functionalization through a Gold(I) Carbenoid
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Jairo González Dr. Javier Santamaría Prof. Dr. Alfredo Ballesteros 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(46):13678-13681
A gold(I)‐catalyzed synthesis of indanones from trimethylsilylacetylenes and acylsilanes is presented. The reaction is initiated through a synergistic acylsilane activation–gold acetylide formation and involves consecutive alkyne σ‐gold(I) addition, π‐activation, and 1,2‐migration of a silyl group. Studies performed on the reaction mechanism allowed to establish the nature of the silyl migrating group and invoke the participation of a gold(I) carbenoid intermediate. The reaction is completed by a gold(I) C? H functionalization step. 相似文献
20.
Israel Fernández Lando P. Wolters F. Matthias Bickelhaupt 《Journal of computational chemistry》2014,35(29):2140-2145
By means of density functional theory calculations, we computationally analyze the physical factors governing the oxidative addition of aryl halides to gold(I) complexes. Using the activation strain model of chemical reactivity, it is found that the strain energy associated with the bending of the gold(I) complex plays a key role in controlling the activation barrier of the process. A systematic study on how the reaction barrier depends on the nature of the aryl halide, ligand, and counteranion allows us to identify the best combination of gold(I) complex and aryl halide to achieve a feasible (i.e., low barrier) oxidative addition to gold(I), a process considered as kinetically sluggish so far. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献