Excellent polarization-independent reflector based on guided mode resonance effect

A broad band polarization-independent reflector working in the telecommunication C+L band is proposed using the guided mode resonance effect of a periodic surface relief element deposited by a layer of silicon medium. It is shown that this structure can provide high reflection (R>99.5%) and wide angular bandwidth (θ≈20°, R>98%) for both TE and TM polarizations over a wide spectrum band 1.5 μm～1.6 μm. Furthermore, it is found by rigorous coupled wave analysis that the polarization-independent reflector proposed here is tolerant of a deviation of grating thickness, which makes it very easy to fabricate in experiments.     

基于导模共振效应的宽带宽透射型滤波器的设计与优化

基于导模共振理论,设计了一种工作中心波长位于632.8 nm的宽带宽透射型滤波器.根据瑞利异常理论公式,计算得到瑞利波长所在的光谱位置,从而证明异常现象对滤波器的带宽产生了拓宽作用.为了优化宽带宽滤波器的结构参数,利用严格耦合波理论通过计算不同参数条件下的光谱,分析了结构参数和材料对于透射光谱在带宽和峰值效率方面的影响,选取其中最佳的结构参数数值和材料,得到峰值效率为90％、带宽为95 nm的透射光谱.该宽带宽透射型导模共振器件在显示和成像领域有潜在的应用价值.     

介质光栅导模共振耦合波分析

导模共振是由于光栅介质内高级次子波耦合进光栅所支持的泄漏模中,导致传播波能量重新分布的结果.采用严格的耦合波方法,通过分析波导的导波模式,正确估计出弱调制介质光栅导模共振的位置.并对导模共振与光栅厚度、基底厚度以及入射角的关系作了讨论.通过采用抗反射设计,获得了具有对称、低旁带特点的窄带共振峰 关键词： 导模共振 耦合波     

Optical characteristics of subwavelength metallic grating coupled porous film surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity

A high performance sub-wavelength metallic grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (SWMGCSPR) sensor with metal and porous composite layer is proposed. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is conducted to prove the design feasibility, characterize the sensor's performance and determine geometric parameters of the structure, which is also employed to compute the electromagnetic (EM) field distributions at the resonant wavelengths. Parameters of sensing platform are optimized to achieve the best performance of the SPR sensor. Obtained results reveal that the proposed structure can excite SPR with negative diffraction order of SWMG. Both wavelength and angular sensitivities are greatly enhanced because surface plasmon wave (SPW) exhibits a large penetration depth which will enlarge the distance of interactions between SP and analytes. The detection sensitivities and quality parameters are estimated to be 700 nm/RIU and 509°/RIU with full width at half maximum (FWHM) less than 2.5 nm using the same optimized structure.     

基于导模共振效应的自支撑超灵敏生物探测器

基于多层平面波导理论,采用自支撑共振光栅,提出了一种应用于生物探测领域的超高准确度传感器.理论计算表明,本文提出的生物传感器,其探测准确度于共振光栅的周期成正比,接近基于共振效应传感器的理论极限.采用单层共振光栅的归一化色散方程,计算了色散曲线随探测介质折射率的变化关系,从而证明了其探测准确度.此外,基于此共振光栅结构,设计了工作在近红外和中红外波段的生物探测器,分别应用于液体(1.3～1.7)和气体探测,折射率的分辨能力在近红外波段可以达到1×10^-5,在红外波段优于1×10^-6,能满足绝大多数生物材料的探测.相比于传统的基于导模共振效应的共振传感器,本文提出的生物传感器,其探测准确度有一至两个数量级的提高.     

Broadband non-polarizing beam splitter based on guided mode resonance effect

A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) operating in the telecommunication C+L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ～50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4 μm～1.7 μm and 1% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.     

低偏振相关损耗全息光栅波分复用器的设计

对基于掺杂铌酸锂材料的体光栅波分复用器主要结构和光栅记录参量提出了一种优化设计方法.采用严格耦合波理论,对两种偏振不同入射角和不同记录晶体厚度下的器件关键性能参量,如插入损耗和偏振相关损耗等进行了优化.数值结果证明采用优化设计的晶体厚度和光栅记录时的入射角,在获得相当低的偏振相关损耗的同时,也能够获得较低的插入损耗,实现了综合性能优化的波分复用器设计.实验结果证明用优化设计的参量能有效降低波分复用器件的插入损耗和偏振相关损耗.     

高功率毫米波圆波导半径微扰模式变换器的优化设计

从半径渐变波导的耦合波方程出发,利用龙格-库塔法进行优化数值迭代,得到在3 mm波段,TE03-TE02, TE02-TE01高效率模式变换器的设计参数。通过优化程序,设计出了6周期TE03-TE02和3周期TE02-TE01模式变换器优化尺寸。利用CST微波工作室电磁仿真软件对结构尺寸进行优化仿真,仿真结果与优化程序计算结果基本一致。以此数据设计中心频率94 GHz的TE03-TE02,TE02-TE01模式变换器功率转换效率可以达到98.5%以上,90%功率转换的绝对带宽分别达到3.5和7.0 GHz以上,优于设计要求。     

非对称条形纳磁体的铁磁共振频率和自旋波模式

通过建立微波激励下的非对称条形多铁纳磁体的微磁模型,研究了倾斜角和缺陷角对该形纳磁体的铁磁共振谱和自旋波模式的影响.通过对微磁仿真得到的动态磁化数据进行分析发现,非对称条形纳磁体倾斜角度增加,铁磁共振频率随之增加,而这一现象与纳磁体的缺陷角度无关.倾斜角不变,非对称条形纳磁体的铁磁共振频率与缺陷角度呈单调递增关系,并且不同缺陷角度纳磁体的自旋波模式显示出极大的差异.非对称条形纳磁体与矩形纳磁体相比,它的自旋波模式局部化,具体为非对称条形纳磁体的自旋波模式不对称且高进动区域存在于边缘,表现为非对称边缘模式.倾斜角改变导致纳磁体内部退磁场变化,引起纳磁体边缘模式的移动,而中心模式对倾斜角的变化并不敏感.最后,对建立的模型在高频微波磁场激励下的磁损耗进行了分析,验证了模型的可靠性.这些结论说明缺陷角和倾斜角可用于纳磁体自旋波模式和铁磁共振频率的调谐,所得结果为可调纳磁微波器件的设计提供了重要的理论依据和思路.     

An improved design for quasi-optical mode conversion of whispering gallery mode gyrotron radiation

Results are reported of a theoretical and experimental investigation of a quasi-optical mode converter for the transformation of whispering gallery mode gyrotron output into a linearly polarized Gaussian like beam. The mode converter consists of a helically cut waveguide launcher, similar to that originally proposed by Vlasovet al, followed by a focusing mirror. Theoretical results using aperture field methods indicate that the length of the waveguide launcher is of critical importance in providing a confined radiation pattern. Experimental results on the radiation pattern were obtained for several launcher lengths using a 0.6 MW, 149 GHz pulsed gyrotron operating in the TE_16,2 mode. Radiation pattern results for the optimum launcher length agree well with theoretical calculations using the Stratton-Chu aperture radiation theory for unperturbed waveguide modes. A mirror focusing in the azimuthal direction was designed by a geometrical optics approach to focus the radiation coming from the launcher. Good focusing with 91.4% efficiency (power in the focused beam divided by gyrotron power) was found experimentally using the combined launcher and mirror with the pulsed gyrotron. These results indicate that quasi-optical antennas are useful for transforming high order, high frequency gyrotron modes into directed beams in free space.     

140 GHz回旋管准光模式变换器的设计（英）

针对一种由Denisov型辐射器和第一面镜为准抛物镜的四级反射镜面系统组成的准光模式变换器开展了详细的研究和设计。利用耦合模理论和矢量绕射理论设计了波纹波导准光模式变化器,通过编写仿真程序进行数值优化完成了140 GHz,TE28,8回旋管准光模式变换器的设计。仿真结果表明,抛物面反射镜的焦距对矢量高斯效率影响较大,输出窗口处得到了较好的高斯波束,标量高斯效率达到98%,矢量高斯效率达到90%。     

异向介质谐振响应的Floquet模分析

将开口谐振环单元的场分布利用Floquet模展开,从电磁波传播角度揭示了凋落模引起异向介质谐振响应的事实.数值计算了任意平面电磁波照射下异向介质的传输特性.研究表明,对于来自主平面上的垂直或平行极化的入射波,具有相同极化方式的Floquet透射模将发生谐振,并且磁谐振和电谐振将随着入射角的不同而改变.而对于来自其他入射平面的电磁波,两种极化的Floquet透射模将共同发生谐振. 关键词： 开口谐振环 异向介质 Floquet模 谐振     

基于波导模式变换的圆波导TE62模式激励器的研究

基于不规则波导模式匹配法以及缓变波导中电磁波模式耦合理论,研究了一种W波段圆波导TE₆₂模式激励器. 该波导模式激励器采用矩形波导TE₁₀模式通过侧壁耦合馈入同轴波导,利用同轴波导的选模特性激励TE₆₁模式;随后利用轴向半径周期微扰的圆波导实现TE₆₁–TE₆₂模式变换. 文中推导了矩形-同轴波导模式匹配理论,系统研究了波导结构缓变参数对模式变换效率的影响,完成了模式变换器的优化仿真设计,数值计算结果表明：中心频率处TE₆₂模式的转换效率为94.5%,纯度为98.16%,效率85%以上带宽达到1 GHz,能够满足回旋管冷测的要求. 关键词： 同轴波导 模式变换 耦合模理论 半径微扰     

Guided mode resonance in planar metamaterials consisting of two ring resonators with different sizes

We proposed and experimentally investigated a two-ring-resonator composed planar hybrid metamaterial(MM), in which the spectra of guided mode resonance(GMR) and Fano resonance or EIT-like response induced by coherent interaction between MM resonance and GMR can be easily controlled by the size of the two rings in the terahertz regime.Furthermore, a four-ring-resonator composed MM for polarization-insensitive GMRs was demonstrated, where GMRs of both TE and TM modes are physically attributed to the diffraction coupling by two ±45° tilting gratings. Such kind of device has great potential in ultra-sensitive label-free sensors, filters, or slow light based devices.     

Study of the behaviour of the fibre Bragg grating fabricated with cladding mode suppression fibre

One effective method for suppression of coupling from guided optical modes into cladding modes in an optical fibre Bragg grating is to use cladding mode suppression fibre. In this specially engineered fibre, the grating is written into the core and the inner cladding, both of which are photosensitive. A theory is presented in this paper to analyse the spectral characteristics of this kind of gratings. A fibre Bragg grating was experimentally fabricated with this kind of photosensitive fibre (PS-RMS-50 from StockerYale). It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that such gratings exhibit strong suppression of the coupling between core mode and cladding mode. The experimental result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

Fano resonance and wave transmission through a chain structure with an isolated ring composed of defects

We consider a discrete model that describes a linear chain of particles coupled to an isolated ring composed of N defects.This simple system can be regarded as a generalization of the familiar Fano-Anderson model.It can be used to model discrete networks of coupled defect modes in photonic crystals and simple waveguide arrays in two-dimensional lattices.The analytical result of the transmission coefficient is obtained,along with the conditions for perfect reflections and transmissions due to either destructive or constructive interferences.Using a simple example,we further investigate the relationship between the resonant frequencies and the number of defects N,and study how to affect the numbers of perfect reflections and transmissions.In addition,we demonstrate how these resonance transmissions and refections can be tuned by one nonlinear defect of the network that possesses a nonlinear Kerr-like response.     

Fano resonance and wave transmission through a chain structure with an isolated ring composed of defects

We consider a discrete model that describes a linear chain of particles coupled to an isolated ring composed of N defects. This simple system can be regarded as a generalization of the familiar Fano-Anderson model. It can be used to model discrete networks of coupled defect modes in photonic crystals and simple waveguide arrays in two-dimensional lattices. The analytical result of the transmission coefficient is obtained, along with the conditions for perfect reflections and transmissions due to either destructive or constructive interferences. Using a simple example, we further investigate the relationship between the resonant frequencies and the number of defects N, and study how to affect the numbers of perfect reflections and transmissions. In addition, we demonstrate how these resonance transmissions and refections can be tuned by one nonlinear defect of the network that possesses a nonlinear Kerr-like response.     

1.5 T关节磁共振成像超导磁体的设计、制作与测试

磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)是当今世界上最先进的医学影像技术之一,现阶段MRI技术正朝着成像质量更清晰、功能更强大、效率更高、个体化更强的趋势发展.与全身MRI设备相比,专科型MRI设备具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、病人舒适度高、成像质量高、功能更强等优点.但是关节专用超导MRI系统需要长度方向上被严格限制的超导磁体在160 mm直径球域(diameter sphere volume,DSV)内产生高均匀度的磁场.本文综合考虑了超导线用量、中心磁感应强度和成像区磁场不均匀度等因素,使用0-1规划和遗传算法相结合的方法设计了一种非屏蔽型1.5 T关节MRI超导磁体,该磁体的室温孔径为280 mm,总长度为520 mm,液氦量为30 L,载流区最大磁场为5.48 T,5高斯线范围为径向3.2 m、轴向2.6 m,160 mm DSV的磁场不均匀度设计值为22 ppm,考虑加工误差及冷缩因素,磁体加工完成并经过被动匀场后的预估值为60 ppm.经过绕制、固化、组装、焊接等工序,该磁体已制作完成.经过3次锻炼后成功励磁到1.5 T,经过被动匀场后160 mm DSV的磁场不均匀度达到50 ppm,各项指标均达到设计目标.     

Improvement of fabrication and characterization methods for micromechanical disk resonators

In this paper we present a novel method to fabricate reliable micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) disk resonators with high yield and good performance.The key breakthrough in the fabrication process is a novel approach to effectively restraining electro-chemical corrosion of polycrystalline silicon(polysilicon) electrically coupled with noble metals of MEMS devices by hydrofluoric acid(HF)-based solutions.In addition,a measurement architecture based on a differential readout topology is demonstrated.The differential circuit proposed here can effectively suppress noise and feed-through current by common-mode rejection of the differential amplifier.This differential amplifier circuit configuration is also used to build up a notch filter.The preliminary result about the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency is discussed,and the device failure is analysed.