Improved approach for target detection and recognition on optoelectronic hybrid joint transform correlator

A conventional joint transform correlator (JTC) often generates large correlation sidelobes as well as a large correlation peak width, strong zero-order peak, and low diffraction efficiency in target detection and recognition, which make the detection ability of JTC lower. To conquer these difficulties, firstly, a joint power spectrum (JPS) subtraction technique was proposed in Fourier plane, where power spectrum of reference image and power spectrum of object image are subtracted from the JPS before inverse Fourier-transform operation, it is evident that the improved JPS removes the zero-order term. Secondly, a fringe-adjusted filter (FAF) was presented to restrain sidelobes and noises. The revised JPS is multiplied by a FAF before the inverse Fourier-transform operation to obtain the cross-correlation peak. Computer simulations showed the improved method can markedly eliminate zero-order diffraction and effectively control the sidelobes and noises compared to traditional JTC, and then enhance the detection ability for JTC. Experimental results presented the sharp correlation peak and also demonstrated this approach effectiveness.     

基于输入面形态学预处理的条纹调制滤波联合变换相关器

为改善联合变换相关器的相关输出结果,提高图像识别能力,提出了一种将输入面形态学处理与功率谱面FAF处理相结合的方法。首先,介绍了经典联合变换相关器的基本原理;其次,针对联合变换相关器的缺点和不足,提出将输入面形态学预处理和功率谱FAF处理相结合,以改进经典联合变换相关器的相关输出性能;最后,详细分析了上述改进型联合变换相关器的参数选取问题。实验结果表明：当参数选择为 、 时,相关峰很尖锐,峰值为 ,比传统的联合变换相关器互相关峰值提高了 。将输入面形态学处理与功率谱面FAF处理相结合效果好于单独使用其中一种方法,极大地改善了传统联合变换相关器的目标识别能力。     

Noisy face recognition using compression-based joint wavelet-transform correlator

A new method for noisy face recognition by incorporating wavelet filter into compression-based joint transform correlator (JTC) is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method has advantages over the conventional compression-based JTC in that regardless of the contrast and the noise level of the target, the wavelet filter can optimize the recognition performance to be higher than the classical JTC, provided compressed references have high contrast.     

Color pattern recognition based on the joint fractional Fourier transform correlator

A new system of multi-channel single-output joint fractional Fourier transform correlator (JFRTC) for color pattern recognition is proposed based on the conventional system of multi-channel single-output joint transform correlator (JTC). The theoretical analysis and optical experiments are performed. With this method, one can obtain three correlation peaks at the output plane which show a pair of desired cross-correlation peaks and one auto-correlation peak. In comparison, the conventional system leads to more correlation peaks playing a noise role in color pattern recognition.     

基于输入面形态学处理的联合变换相关器研究

为增强联合变换相关器输入面图像去噪和边缘检测的可调节性,改善相关器的识别效果,将形态学算法引入输入面图像去噪和边缘检测,提出利用形态学边缘检测的宽度可调节性来改善联合变换相关器的识别效果。计算机模拟表明,改进后的算法是有效的。     

改进的对数联合变换相关器在噪声条件下的模式识别

对联合变换相关器的功率谱进行对数变换可强化其高频分量,锐化相关峰,但同时也会增强其噪声成分,影响抗噪性能。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的对数联合变换相关器模型。通过改变对数函数形式来提高对数联合变换相关器的抗噪能力。计算机仿真结果表明,在附加高斯白噪声、非重叠低频和高频有色噪声的条件下,改进的对数联合变换相关器的抗噪能力均优于传统的对数联合变换相关器。     

抗噪型最小平均相关能量滤波器

最小平均相关能量(MACE)滤波器进行图像识别的主要特点是相关峰尖锐,易于判别。但它对畸变非常敏感,几乎没有抗噪能力,所以应用受到限制。针对不同的噪声类型,首先进行图像空域滤波,达到抑制噪声、突出目标的目的,然后再进行识别,提高了最小平均相关能量滤波器的抗噪能力和识别的准确性。     

Wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator

In this paper, we implement a wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (JTC) for real-time target recognition applications. In real-time situation the input scene is captured using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The obtained joint power spectrum is multiplied by a pre-synthesized fringe-adjusted filter and the resultant function is processed with an appropriately scaled wavelet filter. Three performance measure parameters: correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, and signal-to-clutter ratio have been calculated for fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (FJTC) and wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator (WFJTC). The WFJTC has been found to yield better results in comparison to conventional FJTC. To suppress the undesired strong dc, the resultant function is differentiated. Differential processing wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint power spectrum removes the zero-order spectra and hence improves the detection efficiency. To focus the correlation terms in different planes in order to capture one of the desired autocorrelation peaks and discard the strong dc and another autocorrelation peak, chirp-encoding technique has also been applied. Targets with Gaussian and speckle noise have also been used to check the correlation outputs. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented.     

Performance of joint transform correlation under varying illumination and noise

The effect of varying the input scene illumination and noise on the performance of binary and fringe-adjusted joint transform correlators (JTCs) has been investigated in this paper. Simulation results show that the fringe-adjusted JTC yields superior correlation output when compared with the binary JTC for all types of input scenes affected by both illumination and noise. Furthermore, the binary JTC has been found to yield a good correlation output when zero mean, unity variance Gaussian white noise is added to input scenes affected by poor illumination.     

Use of a joint transform correlator architecture for study of speckle displacements

The optical speckle–displacement correlation technique (OSDCT) is proposed for study of in-plane speckle displacements. The joint transform correlator architecture is used to evaluate the displacements of speckle subimages of strained surfaces. The procedure of the correlation response producing as a result of cross-correlation of strainless and strained surfaces in a conventional joint transform correlator (JTC) is considered. The convenient techniques for a joint power spectrum transformation are selected. The systematic and random errors of a mean speckle pattern displacement of a rigid body motion calculated by using the OSDCT and the digital speckle–displacement measurement technique are compared. The robustness of some JTC versions (a conventional JTC, a JTC with median thresholding, a JTC with subset median thresholding, and a fringe adjusted filter JTC) to input noise of speckle patterns and output noise of a correlation response is studied.     

基于小波边缘提取的灰度图象联合相关识别预处理

本文将小波变换方法用于灰度图象的联合变换相关识别中,采用不同的尺度因子对输入图象进行边缘提取预处理,使相关识别结果得到不同程度的改善.通过计算机模拟对比了一阶、二阶微商的边缘提取方法和小波变换边缘提取方法的预处理结果和对识别的影响,在同时衡量相关识别能力及其对噪音的敏感性前提下,小波变换边缘提取预处理明显优于各种微商边缘提取方法.调节小波变换尺度因子还能使识别能力与噪音敏感性这两方面得到更好地均衡,使小波变换边缘提取预处理能够适应不同的图象输入条件和相关输出要求.结果表明,在联合变换相关识别中采用小波变换对输入图象进行预处理是一种更理想的方法。     

傅里叶-梅林变换(FMT)在畸变-不变图像识别中的应用

针对尺度缩放和角度旋转变化目标相关识别率低的问题,在联合相关识别中加入傅里叶-梅林变换方法.采用傅里叶-梅林变换(FMT)中的对数极坐标变换、梅林变换、傅里叶变换具有的旋转、尺度、平移(RST)不变性,可以提高JTC图像识别的性能,实现畸变-不变图像的识别.利用联合变换相关器对角度旋转0°～40°、尺度变化0～20%的目标进行计算机仿真实验.实验结果表明:在JTC中采用FMT可以实现畸变-不变图像的识别.     

Simultaneous use of amplitude and phase to improve the validation process in a joint transform correlator

We present an alternative technique to enhance the discrimination performance in a JTC architecture, employed as a validation procedure. We define as complex objects those amplitude objects bonded to random phase masks. When using complex objects as reference inputs in a JTC optical validation system, correlation peak intensity and correlation peak shape become simultaneous key parameters to increase the discrimination ability of the system. Simulation results, comparing amplitude-only objects versus complex objects as inputs to the system, reveal the validity of our approach and show the sensitivity of the JTC architecture to the additional phase structures.     

联合变换相关器形态学处理可调节性研究

为改善联合变换相关器的实际识别效果,将形态学算法引入输入面图象边缘检测,提出利用形态学边缘检测的宽度可调节性来改善联合变换相关器的实际识别效果,实验表明,改进后的算法使相关器既有足够的光强,又有较高的鉴别率.     

最大平均相关高度滤波算法在畸变目标识别中的应用

为了解决在联合变换相关器上无法识别复杂背景下畸变目标(目标的平面内旋转或尺寸改变)的问题,对其应用最大平均相关高度滤波算法进行畸变目标识别.首先在频域内优化最大平均相关高度滤波器的三个性能控制参量|然后将优化好的最大平均相关高度频域滤波器映射到物空间,得到最大平均相关高度参考模板.作为实例,本文对复杂背景下的军舰和汽车目标进行了光学识别实验,结果表明,当滤波器的控制参量为γ=1,α=0,β=0.1时,得到的MACH参考模板最为清晰,目标产生的相关峰最为尖锐明亮.通过这种方法,在联合变换相关器上能够得到的比例畸变容差为28%,旋转畸变容差为20°,对于超出上述畸变容差范围的目标,相关峰强度逐步减弱,但部分仍然可以识别.改进后的MACH滤波器在畸变目标的探测领域具有很强的优势和良好的应用前景.     

小波变换软阈值去噪在粗晶材料超声检测中的应用

本研究多尺度小波分析方法在粗晶材料超声检测信号增强中的应用。在分析结构噪声，电噪声和缺陷信号的小波变换特性的基础上，提出一种用一个尺度间变化的门限闭值来抑制噪声的小波变换系数，并以各尺度缺陷信号的能量关系形成权值，加权重构信号来提高信噪比。实验结果表明，该方法具有很好的去噪效果，增强了粗晶材料缺陷的检出率。     

一种新的相位编码幅值调节联合变换相关器

给出了一种对经典联合变换相关器进行相位编码和幅值调节的新方法,使联合变换相关器具有优化的相关输出信号和很强的抗干扰能力.在相位编码幅值调节联合变换相关器中,输入的待识别信号首先通过相位模板进行相位编码,然后对联合功率谱进行幅值调节滤波.在进行幅值调节滤波时采用了增强型幅值调节滤波器,其调节因子可根据输信号的噪音干扰情况进行调节变化.相位编码幅值调节有效地祛除了多目标识别联合变换相关器的冗余信号,可广泛的应用于多目标识别.     

复杂背景下运动目标的光学相关识别

在应用光电混合联合变换相关器实现运动目标相关识别的过程中,针对目标与模板由于运动所产生的差异和复杂背景影响相关器识别率的问题,采用了一种以高斯函数的一阶导数做小波多尺度边缘提取和形态学膨胀进行边缘加粗处理相结合的方法。这种方法可充分利用小波多尺度的特点,使得提取后的边缘在抑制噪声的同时,能保留更多的细节信息,明显改善复杂背景下运动目标的相关识别问题。对以低对比度和小目标为特点的动态序列进行光学相关实验,结果表明,这种方法能有效增强探测目标的相关峰亮度,验证了算法对复杂背景下运动目标识别的可行性。     

联合分数变换相关器的分数相关特性分析

从分数傅里叶变换（FRFT）的定义出发，理论分析了联合分数变换相关器（JFRTC）的分数相关特性.从所得JFRTC的数学表达式中可以看出，将FRFT应用到联合变换相关器（JTC）中得到的JFRTC具有与传统JTC不同的性质.对于传统JTC，一旦输入平面上参考图像与目标图像之间的距离给定，相关输出峰的位置即确定，而JFRTC的相关输出峰的位置则可以由分数级次p₁和p₂来自由调节，这个特性在实际模式识别中非常有用.另一方面，JFRTC的相关输出峰值在大多数情况下低于传统JTC的相关峰值，却是JFRTC的一大缺点.最后，从FRFT的比例性质出发，给出了FRFT谱畸变不变的实现条件，并由此预言了JFRTC畸变不变模式识别的功能.