Optical characteristics of subwavelength metallic grating coupled porous film surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity

A high performance sub-wavelength metallic grating coupled surface plasmon resonance (SWMGCSPR) sensor with metal and porous composite layer is proposed. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is conducted to prove the design feasibility, characterize the sensor's performance and determine geometric parameters of the structure, which is also employed to compute the electromagnetic (EM) field distributions at the resonant wavelengths. Parameters of sensing platform are optimized to achieve the best performance of the SPR sensor. Obtained results reveal that the proposed structure can excite SPR with negative diffraction order of SWMG. Both wavelength and angular sensitivities are greatly enhanced because surface plasmon wave (SPW) exhibits a large penetration depth which will enlarge the distance of interactions between SP and analytes. The detection sensitivities and quality parameters are estimated to be 700 nm/RIU and 509°/RIU with full width at half maximum (FWHM) less than 2.5 nm using the same optimized structure.     

Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of metallic cylindrical focusing micromirrors with high diffraction efficiency, achromatic aberration and long focal depth

In this paper, we propose a kind of metallic cylindrical focusing micromirrors (MCFMs) with parabolic profiles, and the focal performance is investigated based on rigorous electromagnetic theory and the boundary element method (BEM). Numerical results by the BEM show that the proposed MCFM possesses a high diffraction efficiency and axially achromatic aberration. In addition, through designing a modulating phase function, the MCFM holds long focal depth and high transverse resolution simultaneously. It is believed that the MCFM should have wide application prospects in micro-optical systems, such as micro solar concentrators.     

取样光栅镀膜减反技术研究

 根据惯性约束聚变系统技术要求,提出了镀膜减反方案,以解决现有光栅由于元件表面反射影响零级透过率的问题。使用严格耦合波理论分析了镀sol-gel减反膜的取样光栅特性,详细地分析了仿形膜和平面膜的减反情况和取样效率的变化。结果发现,镀平面膜是一种可行的技术方案,光栅表面反射几乎完全消除,表明可以通过取样光栅镀膜减反来达到提高透射率的目的;裸光栅的深度为12 nm时,平面减反膜厚为60 nm,即光学厚度为等效1/4波长：72 nm。此时的透射率为99.8%,取样效率为0.241‰。     

Microstructured design of metallic diffraction gratings for light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells

In thin-film silicon solar cells, a flexible optical design for light collection is developed that can enhance the optical path length in absorber layer. In this paper, we demonstrate the rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular metallic diffraction gratings as back reflectors. The potential of the structures in the solar cells is investigated by means of numerical simulations, i.e., the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis enhanced by the Modal Transmission Line theory. The results show that the 0-order reflection can be suppressed and the energy can be transferred to high diffraction orders by metallic diffraction gratings, especially the triangular metallic diffraction gratings.     

New reformulation of the Fourier modal method with spatial adaptive resolution for multilayered metallic strip grating

The parametric formulation of the combined boundary conditions method (CBCM) with spatial adaptive resolution is extended to multilayered structures of strip gratings. Furthermore, it is shown that it is not necessary to solve the eigenvalue problem in all the layers of these structures; leading to drastic reduction of the computational load.     

表面具有光栅结构的sol-gel薄膜制备及衍射效率的研究

介绍了一种在 sol- gel薄膜表面形成光栅结构的方法。用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)表征了薄膜的表面形貌 ,用原子力显微镜 (AFM)测量了光栅结构的深度。测试了这种结构表面的衍射特性 ,并对结果进行了分析     

光导板中新型衍射元件的数值模拟研究

基于严格耦合波理论,数值计算了一种在闪耀斜面镀膜的亚波长光栅结构,并首次提出将该光栅应用于光导板的设计中,使光导板衍射的RGB光束无需经过滤色片,直接透射相应的像素点。在数值计算中,设定入射光为TE偏振态、入射角为60°、波长为RGB三基色。光栅以有机玻璃为基底,二氧化钛为膜层,并随波长改变周期、闪耀角等参数。计算结果表明,该光栅的一级衍射光可垂直于表面出射,一级衍射效率随膜厚渐变,最高达37%,其余非零级次的衍射效率低于2%。将该特性的光栅应用于新型光导板的数值建模中,并对光栅的制作进行了工艺容差分析,计算得归一化能量的标准差小于1%,总衍射效率接近80%。     

Accuracy analysis of simplified and rigorous numerical methods applied to binary nanopatterning gratings in non-paraxial domain

A set of simplified and rigorous electromagnetic vector theories is used for analyzing the transmittance characteristics of diffraction phase gratings. The scalar diffraction theory and the effective medium theory are validated with the exact results obtained via the rigorous coupled-wave theory and the finite-difference time-domain method. The effects of surface profile parameters and also the angle of incidence is demonstrated to be a limiting factor in the accuracy of these theories. Therefore, the error of both simplified theories is also analyzed in non-paraxial domain with the intention of establishing a specific range of validity for both simplified theories.     

A reflective surface-relief two-layer grating for splitting beams with the polarization-selective property

A polarization-selective beam splitter is presented based on a reflective surface-relief two-layer grating with a metal slab. The grating is composed of two dielectric layers and a metal slab on the substrate. For TE polarization, efficiencies of 97.58% can be diffracted into the reflective −1st order. For TM polarization, two-port output of 47.55% and 47.11% can be split into the 0th order and the −1st order, respectively. Such a polarization-selective beam splitter can be fulfilled by one grating in reflection. The grating depths of two layers are optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis with the given duty cycle of 0.6 and period of 1100 nm. The performance for different incident conditions is investigated when the incident wavelength and angle deviate from the central wavelength and the Bragg angle, respectively. For TM polarization, good uniformity can still be achieved within the given incident wavelength and angle regions. For TE polarization, the reflective polarization-selective beam splitter can have merits of wideband for different incident wavelengths.     

凹面光栅衍射效率测量值的影响因素及补偿方法研究

通过仪器获得的凹面光栅的衍射效率是相对值,其测量值的精度受测量过程和补偿方法的影响。为使效率测量值的测量精度得到进一步提高,有必要对测量值产生影响的主要因素进行深入研究。该文进一步考察了影响衍射效率测量精度的主要因素,针对待测凹面光栅根据待测波长的测试要求进行旋转造成光束截面变化而产生的问题,适当补充原理性方案,并在此基础上推导出了适用于凹面光栅的光束截面变化因子k(θ)的解析表达式。基于影响测量精度因素与理论值之间的非线性关系,提出采用二次非线性回归分析的方法对测量结果进行补偿,给出了提高衍射效率测量精度的补偿公式。实验结果表明,对光栅衍射效率的测量值进行进一步补偿后,使得补偿值与理论值之间的整体误差范围由±2.5%缩小为±0.3%以内,与线性回归分析方法相比,显著缩小了补偿值与理论值之间的差距,进一步保证了衍射效率的准确测量。将补偿过程嵌入测量程序,该方法能够实时补偿测量结果,满足仪器准确测量的要求。     

A transmission line model for subwavelength metallic grating with single cut

A transmission line model for subwavelength metallic grating with single cut is presented. The model is based on analogy between the subwavelength metallic structure and the microwave transmission line theory. The analytical expression for the transmission is derived by the transfer matrix method. To confirm our model, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method simulations are carried out. The influences of the position of the cuts on the higher modes of slit are presented. It is found that the transmission line model gives analytical prediction about the evolution of the transmission spectra.     

Design and characterization of guided mode resonance filters with the improved structure for facile fabrication

In this study, a guided mode resonance filter with the improved structure for facile fabrication is designed; the properties of the designed filters are simulated by rigorous coupled wave analysis. It is found that the resonance wavelength and spectral linewidth are slightly increased with the increasing of the grating thickness, and seldom changed with the thickness of the grating filling factor, as the parameter error of the grating thickness and the grating filling factor are deviated from the designed value by ±10%, respectively, which are very favorable for simplifying preparation process of the GMR filter.     

布儒斯特角附近的透射光栅传输特性

 减小光栅表面的反射率以得到更高的衍射效率是目前光栅设计与制造中需要解决的重要问题之一。提出利用偏振光沿布儒斯特角入射时具有的特性来实现降低光栅表面反射率的方案,介绍了这种方案的物理模型,并利用严格耦合波分析法进行了模拟计算。计算结果显示,对入射光为TM偏振,波长0.35 μm,当光栅周期较长为2.80 μm时,以布儒斯特角入射的光波,它的表面反射被大大抑制;当光栅周期较短为0.21 μm时也有类似的结论,并且透射光的一级衍射效率极大值出现在刻槽深度为3.50 μm处附近,衍射效率大于95%。     

基于体布拉格光栅的光谱合成的数值分析

 建立了分别用一个和两个反射式体布拉格光栅实现两路和三路光束合成的物理模型,模型中考虑了体布拉格光栅的吸收,并假设入射光束的光谱具有高斯线型。通过对两路和三路光谱合成的数值分析可知:当光谱宽度为0.1 nm时,两路和三路光谱合成的效率分别为98.76%和97.69%;当光谱宽度为0.3 nm的时候,对应的效率分别为97.34%和95.78%。随着光谱宽度的增加,合成的效率明显降低。当光谱宽度较窄时,实现多路光束较高的合成效率是可行的,这为高能激光的获得提供了一种确实可行的方法。     

Study of the behaviour of the fibre Bragg grating fabricated with cladding mode suppression fibre

One effective method for suppression of coupling from guided optical modes into cladding modes in an optical fibre Bragg grating is to use cladding mode suppression fibre. In this specially engineered fibre, the grating is written into the core and the inner cladding, both of which are photosensitive. A theory is presented in this paper to analyse the spectral characteristics of this kind of gratings. A fibre Bragg grating was experimentally fabricated with this kind of photosensitive fibre (PS-RMS-50 from StockerYale). It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that such gratings exhibit strong suppression of the coupling between core mode and cladding mode. The experimental result is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

Influence of slit width on the electromagnetic transmission of a periodic metallic grating

The light transmittance of a periodic metallic grating with varied slit widths has been investigated. The transmission peaks move to the shorter wavelength direction with an increase in the width of slits while keeping the other parameters unchanged. It was demonstrated that the slit width affects the spectral transmittance of the metal grating significantly. It was also found that the effective refractive index and cavity modes in slits are responsible for this phenomenon. Cavity modes play an important role in extraordinary transmission of the sub-wavelength aperture grating. When a complete resonant mode forms in the slits, a high transmission will appear. A wider slit results in a smaller efficient refractive index and thus affects the cavity mode in the slits. These two elements cause the transmission peaks to move to the shorter wavelength direction with widening of slits. The results obtained here may provide a useful guide to design metallic slit grating devices.     

嵌入式镀膜光栅的数值模拟研究

嵌入式镀膜光栅是将平行四边形的介质膜层,以亚波长量级的周期嵌入波导中.针对该光栅在不同偏振态、不同角度入射下的各级衍射效率问题,本文基于严格耦合波分析理论,对该光栅进行建模与数值分析.结果表明,在TE模入射时,该光栅的一级衍射效率可随膜厚在[0, 37%]内变化,其余非零级次的衍射效率低于2%.衍射特性可以满足平视器成像的效率递增要求,同时可以减少能量的损失与杂散成像光线.当入射光束的角度在纵向[45 °,70 °]、横向[-15 °,15 °]内变化时,一级衍射效率的变化平稳,可以保持平视器不同视场的成像能量均匀.针对入射光偏振态、光栅材料、嵌入膜层倾角、光栅周期对衍射特性的影响,给出了相应的数值分析,可为波导全息平视器中衍射元件的制作提供理论指导.     

High resolution instrumentation system for fibre-Bragg grating aerospace sensors

A passive technique for high-resolution detection of the wavelength of peak reflection from fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is presented. The approach, based on a de-convolution of the FBG spectrum and the spectrometer resolution, essentially overcomes the low spectral resolution (≈0.1 nm) associated with commercial spectrometers employing CCD detection. The performance of two algorithms, the Centroid Detection algorithm (CDA) and the least squares method (LSQ), are compared. The LSQ algorithm offers resolution enhancement of at least two orders of magnitude and is shown to be independent of the FBG intensity and bandwidth over a broad range.     

亚波长介质偏振分束光栅的衍射特性

 采用严格耦合波理论并结合矩阵LU分解法,分析了亚波长介质光栅的刻槽深度、占空比、入射角、入射波长等参数对TE偏振和TM偏振0级衍射效率的影响。结果表明:在1 550 nm波长处,出现瑞利反常现象。由此提出利用瑞利反常现象设计工作波长为1 550 nm的偏振分束光栅,通过优化设计确定了最佳设计参数,即光栅周期为l0/2,瑞利入射角为30°,刻槽深为0.9l0,占空比为0.5。结果表明,参数优化后的偏振分束光栅可以使TE偏振0级反射波和TM偏振0级透射波同时达到近100%的衍射效率。