Br2/Br-缓冲溶液流动注射电势检测法分析苯酚

１　引　言 缓冲溶液流动注射滴定－分光光度计检测法在应用中不易找到合适的金属－配位体缓冲溶液和相应的指示剂。应用电势检测法可以拓展缓冲溶液流动注射滴定分析的应用范围。本文以Ｂｒ２／Ｂｒ体系作为缓冲溶液,应用ＦＩＡ电势检测法进行了苯酚的测定研究。将苯酚样品注射于缓冲溶液试剂流,苯酚与Ｂｒ２反应引起的氧化还原电对的电势变化以流通型电势检测电极检测。在选定条件下,苯酚的检出限为１．３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性范围为６．０×１０－５～６．０×１０－４,相对标准偏差为０．４％。方法用于工业苯酚样品纯度测定…     

用Zn—NTA金属—配位体缓冲溶液和TAR流动注射络合滴定锌

研究了用Ｚｎ－ＮＴＡ金属－配位体缓冲溶液和ＴＡＲ流动注射缩合滴定锌的条件，最低检测浓度为１．０×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，采样频率为１２０次／ｈ。试验了共存离子的影响。尝试用苦存仁酸，氟化钾和硫脲掩蔽某些干扰离子。     

2—（2—苯骈噻唑偶氮）—5—二乙氨基苯甲酸作为络合滴定铜的指示剂的研究

本文研究了ＢＴＡＥＢ作为络合滴定铜的指示剂的分析性能，结果表明，在ｐＨ４．０～６．５范围内，目视滴定０．３～５０ｍｇ铜，终点由蓝色变为紫红色，变色敏锐，准确度高，应用于锡磷青铜和深井泵叶合金中铜的分析，结果令人满意。     

催化库仑法测定天然水中硫化物

催化库仑法测定天然水中的硫化物表明，在０．０２ｇ／ｍＬＮａＮ＿３、０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＩ、０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＣＨ＿３ＣＯＯ）＿２Ｚｎ、０．０７５ｍｏｌ／ＬＣＨ＿３ＣＯＯＮａ及适量ＨＡｃ的库仑滴定体系中，利用碘－叠氮化钠诱导反应，可测定水中的痕量、超痕量硫化物。当滴定溶液ｐＨ＝６．０，温度控制在２０±０．２℃，在铂电极上以微小恒电流电解产生碘为库仑滴定剂，双铂电极安培法指示终点测定硫化物的灵敏度可达１０￣（－９）或更低的数量级。此法用于测定天然水中痕量硫化物，结果满意。     

三点滴定法研究

本文就三点滴定法的原理、方法和应用进行了讨论。导出三点滴定法计算公式,讨论了滴定剂加入量与三点法测定结果准确度、精密度的关系。用本法对标准溶液、标样和样品进行了多次测定,结果相对误差和相对标准偏差为０．２％。本法是一种简便、快速、准确的滴定分析方法,它适用于各种滴定类型。     

微型滴定在定量化学分析中的应用

本文在讨论微型滴定装置和滴定误差的基础上，探索了微型滴定在酸碱、络合、氧化还原和沉淀滴定中应用的可能性。结果表明，效果良好     

微型滴定分析装置的研究

微型滴定分析装置的研究朱兵吴倩（华东师范大学化学系上海２０００６２）一、微型滴定装置的设计制作和特点在设计制作微型试剂滴瓶、电解装置、焰色反应器、固液分离器和定量加液管等多种微型器件的基础上［１，２］，设计制作能规范操作的微型滴定分析装置，其主要部件...     

二点滴定法研究

就二点滴定法的原理，方法和应用进行了讨论，导出了二点滴定法计算公式。讨论了滴定剂加入量与测定结果准确度的关系。已用本法对标样样液及试样进行了多次测定，测定结果相对误差及相对标准偏差约０．２％。本法简便，快速，准确，且昨达于任何滴定类型的通用方法。     

络合滴定法测定低压流体输送用镀锌焊接钢管镀锌层重量

介绍了利用络合滴定法测定低压流体输送用镀锌焊风管镀锌层重量的方法，试样用稀硫酸溶解，在ＰＨ１．５￣２．０的弱酸性介质中，以磺基水杨酸钠为指标剂，用ＥＤＴＡ滴定铁，调ＰＨ为５．５，以ＰＡＮ为指示剂，用ＥＤＴＡ滴定锌，由ＥＤＴＡ用量求出锌的重量，用ＧＢ／Ｔ３０９１－９３方法比较，试验结果满意。     

示波电位滴定法测定僵蚕中草酸铵

以高锰酸钾为滴定剂，用示波器指示终点，提出了在酸性介质中直接测定僵蚕中活性草酸铵的示范波电位滴定方法，该法灵敏度高（可指示８×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＫＭｎＯ４的浓度变化），精密度好（ＲＳＤ＝０．０６％），简便快速，且不受颜色及混浊等干扰，用于中，日，欧等多国僵蚕品种中草酸铵的直接测定，结果与氯化钙沉淀重量法相差－０．２２～０．７８％。     

多元校正流动注射电位滴定法同时测定苯甲酸和山梨酸

将流动注射应用于酸碱电位滴定分析,建立了一种可同时测定混合有机酸的电位滴定新方法。在该方法中,用氢氧化钠与氯化钾的混合溶液作为滴定剂,在流通池中同时插入pH指示电极和氯离子指示电极,在滴定过程中的任一滴定点,流出液的pH值和酸碱的混合比例可由两个电极的电位测定值同时获得,从而可应用多元校正法由相应的滴定曲线求得混合酸中每一种组分的含量。该方法不仅免去了体积和时间读数,而且减少了试剂和样品的消耗量,分析速度快。应用该方法对混合样品中的苯甲酸和水杨酸进行同时测定,其相对标准偏差分别为0．19％～0．37％,回收率分别为97．3％～102．6％。     

平头pH电极-流动注射联用技术快速滴定食醋中醋酸的方法研究

采用一种具有平头结构的pH电极作为流动注射分析(FIA)的检测器,构建了流动注射自动化酸度滴定系统.优化了样品进样量、流速、载液浓度和反应管长度等参数.用NaOH溶液作为载液,在4.639×10-4～0.212 mol·L-1范围内醋酸浓度的对数与FIA峰的峰面积成正比,该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.5%.采用...     

A new flow injection titration analysis

Summary A new type of flow injection titration method where a well-stirred mixing chamber is placed in the middle of the injection loop of a 6-way valve has been developed. With this method expensive or unstable reagents can be used for the titration. Moreover, it is potentially available for slow titration reactions. Its fundamental characteristics have been investigated using acid-base titration reaction with phenolphthaleine as the indicator. The sampling rate was 60–120 samples per hour and its reproducibility was also high (3%).

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Neues Verfahren zur Fließinjektions-Volumetrie

     

An automatic system for acidity determination based on sequential injection titration and the monosegmented flow approach

An automatic sequential injection system, combining monosegmented flow analysis, sequential injection analysis and sequential injection titration is proposed for acidity determination. The system enables controllable sample dilution and generation of standards of required concentration in a monosegmented sequential injection manner, sequential injection titration of the prepared solutions, data collecting, and handling. It has been tested on spectrophotometric determination of acetic, citric and phosphoric acids with sodium hydroxide used as a titrant and phenolphthalein or thymolphthalein (in the case of phosphoric acid determination) as indicators. Accuracy better than |4.4|% (RE) and repeatability better than 2.9% (RSD) have been obtained. It has been applied to the determination of total acidity in vinegars and various soft drinks. The system provides low sample (less than 0.3 mL) consumption. On average, analysis of a sample takes several minutes.     

流动注射多元校正-络合滴定法同时测定混合金属离子

将流动注射应用于电位络合滴定分析法,建立了一种可同时测定混合金属离子的电位滴定方法。在该方法中,用EDTA与氟化钠的混合溶液作为滴定剂,在流通池中同时插入汞膜电极和氟离子指示电极,在滴定过程中的任一滴定点,流出液的汞电位和反应物的混合比例可由两个电极的电位测定值同时获得,从而可应用多元校正法由相应的滴定曲线求得混合金属离子中每一种组分的含量。应用该方法对混合样品中的Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+进行了同时测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差均在0.14%~0.48%(n=5)之间,回收率均在97.3%~103.9%之间。     

A multisyringe flow injection Winkler-based spectrophotometric analyzer for in-line monitoring of dissolved oxygen in seawater

An integrated analyzer based on the multisyringe flow injection analysis approach is proposed for the automated determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. The entire Winkler method including precipitation of manganese(II) hydroxide, fixation of dissolved oxygen, dissolution of the oxidized manganese hydroxide precipitate, and generation of iodine and tri-iodide ion are in-line effected within the flow network. Spectrophotometric quantification of iodine and tri-iodide at the isosbestic wavelength of 466 nm renders enhanced method reliability. The calibration function is linear up to 19 mg L⁻¹ dissolved oxygen and an injection frequency of 17 per hour is achieved. The multisyringe system features a highly satisfying signal stability with repeatabilities of 2.2% RSD that make it suitable for continuous determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. Compared to the manual starch-end-point titrimetric Winkler method and early reported automated systems, concentrations and consumption of reagents and sample are reduced up to hundredfold. The versatility of the multisyringe assembly was exploited in the implementation of an ancillary automatic batch-wise Winkler titrator using a single syringe of the module for accurate titration of the released iodine/tri-iodide with thiosulfate.     

New method for simultaneous determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in water using flow injection technique

The method exploits the possibilities of flow injection gradient titration in a system of reversed flow with spectrophotometric detection. In the developed approach a small amount of titrant (EDTA) is injected into a stream of sample containing a mixture of indicators (sulfosalicylic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline). In acid environment sulfosalicylic acid forms a complex with Fe(III), whereas 1,10-phenanthroline forms a complex with Fe(II). Measurements are performed at wavelength λ = 530 nm when radiation is absorbed by both complexes. After injection EDTA replaces sulfosalicylic acid and forms with Fe(III) more stable colourless complex. As a result, a characteristic “cut off” peak is registered with a width corresponding to the Fe(III) concentration and with a height corresponding to the Fe(II) concentration. Calibration was performed by titration of four two-component standard solutions of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) concentrations established in accordance with 2² factorial plan. The method was tested with the use of synthetic samples and then it was applied to the analysis of water samples taken from artesian wells. Under optimized experimental conditions Fe(II) and Fe(III) were determined with precision less than 0.8 and 2.5% (RSD) and accuracy less than 3.2 and 5.1% (relative error) within the concentration ranges of 0.1-3.0 and 0.9-3.5 mg L⁻¹ of both analytes, respectively.     

An environmental friendly method for the automatic determination of hypochlorite in commercial products using multisyringe flow injection analysis

A multisyringe flow injection analysis system was used for the determination of hypochlorite in cleaning agents, by measurement of the native absorbance of hypochlorite at 292 nm. The methodology was based on the selective decomposition of hypochlorite by a cobalt oxide catalyst giving chloride and oxygen. The difference of the absorbance of the sample before and after its pass through a cobalt oxide column was selected as analytical signal. As no further reagent was required this work can be considered as a contribution to environmental friendly analytical chemistry. The entire analytical procedure, including in-line sample dilution in three steps was automated by first, dilution in a stirred miniature vessel, second by dispersion and third by in-line addition of water using multisyringe flow injection technique. The dynamic concentration range was 0.04-0.78 g L⁻¹ (relative standard deviation lower than 3%), where the extension of the hypochlorite decomposition was of 90 ± 4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial cleaning products. The accuracy of the method was established by iodometric titration.     

Flow injection titration basing on the merging-zone technique

The proposed approach relies on titration of a sample that is gradually diluted in strictly controlled way in the flow injection system developed. On each step of sample dilution equal volumes of the sample and titrant solutions are simultaneously injected into two carrier streams and the zones are merged with each other. Then, they are mixed completely in the mixing chamber, merged with a stream of indicator and directed to a detector. It has been revealed that the method provides the results with accuracy better than ±3.3% (RE) and with mean repeatability lower than 1.0% (RSD). When the analyte concentration in a sample is too low to be determined directly, the procedure of titration with standard addition is exploited. The proposed approach has been successfully applied to the determination of total acidity in vinegars and magnesium and calcium in pharmaceutical products. The results obtained were comparable with those provided by the reference methods. The proposed procedure is characterized by low consumption of sample (usually less than 2 mL), titrant (about 3 mL) and indicator (about 0.6 mL). Average time of a single analysis is similar to time of traditional batch analysis.     

FIA titrations of phenothiazine derivatives in aqueous micellar and non-aqueous media

New methods of flow injection analysis (FIA) neutralization titrations of phenothiazine derivatives in aqueous micellar medium of a cationic surfactant using potentiometric and spectrophotometric detection were proposed; titrations with a mixing gradient chamber and high-speed titrations were compared. The FIA titration method in non-aqueous media based on an official method of determination (titration with perchloric acid in anhydrous acetic acid) was also developed. Under optimized reaction conditions and flow-through parameters, the calibration range and equations, the sensitivity, and the repeatability of all methods were found and discussed. All titrations were assayed for medicinal forms.