Saturated absorption by HF gas within a HF laser cavity

The power of a HF laser versus cavity frequency is measured in the presence of saturable HF gas. A resonant power maximum is observed which is relevant to laser frequency stabilization and molecular line broadening measurement.     

HF/DF激光传输的大气衰减特性

 大气中的水汽对DF激光主要强线的吸收相对较小，而HF激光的大多数谱线受水汽和CO₂分子等的吸收较大。利用较新的HITRAN96数据库和我国不同地区的气象资料，采用逐线积分法计算了HF/DF 激光的大气衰减情况。所选的谱线中，在合肥地区（年平均）， HF的水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10km^-1的数量级，二氧化碳吸收系数最大可达10^-4~10^-3km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱；DF激光水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10^-1km^-1,比HF低2个量级，且随高度衰减很快，10km处就到10^-5~10^-4km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱。在我国，由南向北，由夏季到冬季，水汽浓度减少，大气对HF/DF激光的吸收率也相应地递减。     

非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展

HF/DF激光器是中红外波段能提供最高能量输出的激光光源,也是中红外波段应用非常广泛的相干光源。本文介绍了近几年国内外关于非链式HF/DF激光器的研究进展及其成果应用,分析了非链式HF/DF激光器在应用方面的优缺点,总结了实现非链式HF/DF激光输出的关键技术和存在的问题,指出了该技术的未来发展方向。     

闭合循环HF激光器流场特性

闭合循环运行是实现高功率重复频率HF激光器小型化、实用化的重要技术途径。为了实现闭合循环电激励重复频率HF激光器激光能量的稳定性输出,研究闭合循环HF激光器的流场特性,建立了激光器管道的数学仿真模型,利用流体分析计算软件ANSYS,分析了激光器内增益区气体介质流场分布。根据流场分布均匀性要求,提出了增益区的注入段和传输段的不同的结构假设,对不同结构条件下流场进行了模拟计算及分析。最终设计了均匀性更佳的通流管道,并实验测量了激光器内增益区气体介质的流速分布,实验结果与理论仿真一致。     

FTIR spectra of the HF complexes with alkyl cyanides in solid argon

Ethyl-, i-propyl, and t-butyl cyanide were separately condensed at 9–12K with HF in excess argon producing complexes of the form RCNHF. Diffusion of HF was accomplished by warming the matrix above 18K which produced 1:2 and 1:3 complexes RCN(HF)₂ and RCN(HF)₃. The HF submolecule stretching frequencies for the 1:1 complexes were very similar, giving absorptions at 3515, 3530 and 3520 cm^?1, respectively, while the HF librational modes were observed centered around 650 cm^?1. The CN symmetric stretch in the complexes was perturbed to higher energy in each case implying a strengthening of the CN bond, with the C-C₃ symmetric stretch in t-butyl cyanide also shifted to higher energy.     

Development of the model of HF radiowave propagation in the ionosphere

The model of HF radiowave propagation, based on a geometrical optics approximation, has been extended for the case of a complex geometrical optics. The radiowave propagation in the illuminated region without going to the caustic shadow region is considered. The radiowave propagation model has been generalized for the case of wideband HF signals in the ionosphere. A dynamic representation of LFM signals in the form of a wave packet sequence was used for this purpose. The radiowave propagation model was also adapted to a global self-consistent dynamic model of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere, which made it possible to study specific features in the formation of HF radiowave ray paths during geomagnetic storms in a 3D inhomogeneous anisotropic medium.     

氟化氢泛频化学激光器的数值模拟

 考虑气体动力学过程、化学反应动力学过程和光腔内受激发射过程之间的相互作用, 建立了氟化氢泛频激光器喷管和光腔流场的二维数值计算模型, 对其进行了全面的模拟, 重点研究了腔内的各种性能参数。     

熔石英元件HF刻蚀的实验研究

为深入了解熔石英元件化学刻蚀过程,研究了HF刻蚀反应机理、HF刻蚀工艺参数以及刻蚀对表面质量的影响规律。通过控制变量法,获得刻蚀速率随HF浓度、刻蚀温度以及NH4F浓度的变化规律。对刻蚀不同深度后的元件表面粗糙度、形貌、杂质含量以及激光损伤阈值进行了检测,实验结果表明:刻蚀速率受多种因素共同影响,其中HF浓度的促进作用最为显著;刻蚀后的熔石英表面形貌复杂,有横向、纵向、拖尾等形式的划痕,以及坑点、杂质等缺陷,其中横向划痕和纵向划痕占据了缺陷部分的主体,主要杂质铈元素随刻蚀时间的增长不断减少;激光损伤阈值测量实验表明,通过HF刻蚀将元件损伤阈值提高了59.6%。     

First-principles studies of HF molecule adsorption on intrinsic graphene and Al-doped graphene

In the search for a high-sensitivity sensor for HF gas, the adsorption of HF molecules on both intrinsic and Al-doped graphene sheets is studied by first-principles calculations. We find that the adsorption mechanisms of HF molecules are different for intrinsic graphene and Al-doped graphene. Al-doped graphene has higher adsorption energy and shorter connecting distance to the HF molecule than intrinsic graphene. The calculated net electron transfers, electronic density difference images and densities of states give evidence that the adsorption of HF molecules on Al-doped graphene is by chemisorption, while there is weak physisorption on intrinsic graphene. Therefore, Al-doped graphene can be expected to have applications as a novel sensor for the detection of HF gas. The HF molecules adsorbed on Al-doped graphene material can be reactivated by applying an external electric field of 0.013 a.u.     

Comparative calculations on ferroelectric HCl and HF

The properties of linear chains of HF and HCl molecules were studied through a series of ab initio and CNDO/2 calculations. They indicate solid HF to be ordered at all temperatures and cannot rule out that it behaves ferroelectrically.     

N2对HF泛频激光振转能级粒子数分布的影响

基于多体展式方法所导出的N2HF的分析势能函数,用准经典的Monte Carlo轨迹法研究了N2HF(v′,J′)→N2+HF(v″,J″)振转非弹性碰撞过程.结果指出:N2对HF的振动能级的粒子分布影响较大,在较低相对平动能下,对HF转动能级有弛豫作用.     

Molecular orbital calculation of some vibrational properties of the complex between HCN and HF

Ab initio LCAO-SCF calculations with an extended basis set are used to predict the geometry and various vibrational properties of the hydrogen bonded complex between HCN and HF. The complex is predicted to be completely linear, HF being the proton donor. The frequencies of the intermolecular vibrations are in good agreement with experiment. The intramolecular frequency shifts and absorption intensity changes are also determined. The large increase in the intensity of the HF stretching frequency in the complex is found to be due to both charge transfer and polarization forces.     

N2HF体系的结构与势能函数

用QCISD/6-311++G方法对N2HF体系进行优化得到其基态的平衡几何结构,属于C∞v构型,(1∑)态.计算表明N2HF分子是一特殊的van der Waals分子.应用多体项展式方法,导出了N2HF分子的解析势能函数,该函数正确的复现了N2HF体系的平衡结构及能量变化.势能面的静态特征表明:N2+HF→N2-HF反应是一个有阈能的反应,即是需活化能的反应,反应过程需克服144.21 kJ/mol的势垒.然后,就N2HF→N2+HF反应机理进行了讨论.     

Regularities of the photoluminescence of porous silicon after chemical etching in HF

The effect of chemical treatment of porous silicon samples by HF on its photoluminescence and its evolution with time in sample aging in air is investigated. It is shown that the effect of HF on the luminescence parameters depends on the duration of the treatment and the initial photoluminescence intensity of the sample. It is found that chemical etching in HF accelerates the growth of the total luminescence intensity in aging of the sample in air. The evolution of the photoluminescence spectrum in aging of the sample in air after chemical etching can be explained within the framework of the quantum-size model of the luminescence of porous silicon. Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Material Research Society, December 1–5, 1997, Boston, USA Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 423–427, May–June, 1999.     

HF酸腐蚀提高K9基板损伤阈值

针对K9玻璃基板的HF酸化学腐蚀工艺开展研究,标定了40%和2%高低两种体积分数的HF酸的腐蚀速率;分析了基板表面形貌随腐蚀深度的变化规律;研究了腐蚀时间、HF酸体积分数、超声波工艺对激光损伤阈值的影响,提出了能够有效减少损伤敏感的氟硅盐沉淀、提高损伤阈值的优化腐蚀清洗工艺流程。采用优化的腐蚀清洗工艺流程进行了实验验证,结果表明用体积分数为2%的HF酸在高温和超声波条件下腐蚀90s后,测得1064nm波长激光作用下K9基板抗激光损伤阈值提高了75%。     

Theoretical performance of an HF chemical CW laser

A quantitative analysis of an HF cw chemical laser is presented that includes the influence of stimulated emission on the reacting medium. The numerically determined solutions encompass one-dimensional fluid mechanics, chemical kinetics, radiative de-excitation, and their mutual interaction. A comprehensive parametric study examines the effects due to changed plenum conditions, mixture ratios and cavity parameters. Best efficiency is obtained when the pumping is by the F + H₂ reaction. Pumping by the chain reaction sequence F + H₂ → HF(υ ≤ 3) + H and H + F₂ → HF(υ ≤ 6) + F results in substantially lower efficiencies due to increased HF-HF vibration-translation deactivation. Detailed discussions are presented of (1) vibration-vibration and vibration-translation energy exchange, (2) chemical efficiency, (3) mechanisms that cause lasing termination, and (4) cavity operation with a selective grating.     

Kinetics analysis of chemiluminescence in discharge-driven HF chemical lasers

The chemiluminescence spectrum in the optical cavity of discharge-driven hydrogen ?uoride(HF) chemical laser is measured.The result reveals that the spectra of the helium and fluorine(F) atoms are the major components.Moreover,the green chemiluminescence in the downstream of the optical axis is mostly composed of the 60P20 spectral line of the HF molecule.The analysis shows that,except for the cold pumping reaction,the recombination of the F atoms and the hot pumping reaction also occur in the optical cavity.Due to the hot pumping reaction and the optical cavity temperature in a specific range,the 60P20 line becomes the strongest HF molecule in the downstream region of the optical axis.After the hot pumping reaction,the green chemiluminescence always appears in the downstream region of the optical axis when the optical cavity temperature varies in a greater range.     

HF spectrum activity prediction model based on HMM for cognitive radio applications

Although most of the research on Cognitive Radio is focused on communication bands above the HF upper limit (30 MHz), Cognitive Radio principles can also be applied to HF communications to make use of the extremely scarce spectrum more efficiently. In this work we consider legacy users as primary users since these users transmit without resorting to any smart procedure, and our stations using the HFDVL (HF Data+Voice Link) architecture as secondary users. Our goal is to enhance an efficient use of the HF band by detecting the presence of uncoordinated primary users and avoiding collisions with them while transmitting in different HF channels using our broad-band HF transceiver.A model of the primary user activity dynamics in the HF band is developed in this work to make short-term predictions of the sojourn time of a primary user in the band and avoid collisions. It is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) which are a powerful tool for modelling stochastic random processes and are trained with real measurements of the 14 MHz band.By using the proposed HMM based model, the prediction model achieves an average 10.3% prediction error rate with one minute-long channel knowledge but it can be reduced when this knowledge is extended: with the previous 8 min knowledge, an average 5.8% prediction error rate is achieved.These results suggest that the resulting activity model for the HF band could actually be used to predict primary users activity and included in a future HF cognitive radio based station.     

非链式重复频率HF激光器激光介质净化技术

开展了分子筛对非链式电激励重频HF激光器中基态HF分子吸附技术研究,设计了新型的分子筛吸附装置,进行了大量的吸附实验,结果表明: 3A分子筛为有效的吸附剂,实现了HF激光器在50 Hz/20 s条件下运行时平均激光能量下降率小于5%,大大提高了激光能量的稳定性,延长了激光介质的使用寿命。开展了激光器工作于不同频率条件下使用3A型分子筛吸附装置时的激光能量情况研究,并通过实验方法获得了3A型分子筛的再生活化方法。     

In-situ current-voltage characteristics of the n-type GaAs substrate in HF:Et-OH electrolyte

In-situ characterisation of the n⁺-GaAs/HF:Et-OH interface is studied by current-voltage, J(V). The experimental current-potential exhibits the presence of three potential regions, which are attributed to different reaction mechanisms between HF and n⁺-type GaAs surface. Depending on HF concentration a current peak appears in the J(V) characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of samples at different point of the J(V) characteristic exhibits different surface morphologies which depend strongly on the electrochemical anodization conditions.