小玫角下轴对称细长体的充气肩空泡试验研究

在减压水洞中进行控泡试验研究受到各种条件因素的制约,充气空泡的研究是对减压水洞试验的一个很好补偿,本文在小型重力式水洞中对轴我体的充气空泡的特征、形态、底压力和水动力等作了尝试性研究。部分结果和自然空泡的测量结果及有关计算结果作了比较,得到了有益的结论。     

细长体水下运动空化流场及弹道特性实验

为了研究细长体水下高速运动时空泡的产生、闭合及脱落特性,及影响细长体空泡形态及弹道特性的复杂因素等,初步开展了细长体模型水下高速运动的实验研究,分析了不同初始空化数下细长体模型在水中高速运动的一系列流动现象,重点研究了空泡的发展、闭合、尾部回射流和尾部脱落特性,以及轴对称细长体模型弹道特性与空泡形态变化之间的关系和转动特性随时间的变化历程等。结果表明:细长体水下高速运动时形成超空泡,空泡头部光滑透明,尾部凝结有汽水混合物且有交替脱落的含气漩涡;初始空化数对细长体的速度衰减有所影响;受初始扰动影响,细长体水下运动伴随有绕头部的转动且初始扰动影响细长体俯仰角随时间的变化历程。     

小攻角下轴对称细长体的充气肩空泡试验研究

在减压水洞中进行的空泡试验研究受到各种条件因素的制约,充气空泡的研究是对减压水洞试验的一个很好补充。本文在小型重力式水洞中对轴对称细长体的充气空泡的特征、形态、底压力和水动力等作了尝试性研究。部分结果和自然空泡的测量结果及有关计算结果作了比较,得到了有益的结论。     

细长体后部非定常超空泡研究

采用积分方程方法,研究了轴对称细长体后部非定常超空泡问题.应用时间有限差分离散化方法,对积分方程进行了求解.以细长锥体空化器为例,文中分别给出了当锥角和空化数改变(简称扰动)时,空泡长度和形状的变化规律.当流场周期扰动时,分析计算了超空泡的尺度变化.分别采用本文方法和理论公式,对空泡长度与空化数的关系曲线进行了对比.数值结果表明,扰动周期越短,空泡长度的变化越小;在相同的扰动频率下,空泡越长,时间滞后越长;空泡长度相同时,扰动频率越高,时间滞后越长.在高频脉冲扰动下,有脉冲波形沿着空泡表面传播,其传播速度为来流速度.在周期小扰动情况下,扰动波形沿着空泡表面传播,传播速度也是来流速度.本文得到的数值结果为水下航行体空化器的分析和设计提供参考作用.     

水下亚声速细长锥型射弹超空泡流的数值计算方法

采用理想可压缩流体无旋定常流动及超空泡尾部Riabushinsky闭合方式假定,基于水动力学势流理论及细长体理论,建立了描述水下亚声速条件下细长锥型射弹超空泡流动的积分微分方程。发展了求解该方程的数值离散方法,提出多种超空泡外形初始解,分析了它们对超空泡形态计算结果的影响,优化了计算过程,简化了初始迭代条件。分析了流体压缩性对超空泡流动参数的影响,当马赫数大于0.3时,超空泡外形、射弹表面压力系数及射弹运动压差阻力系数均明显增大。计算得到的超空泡流动参数与相关文献的理论和实验结果吻合良好。     

不同网格拓扑对细长体绕流计算的影响研究

分别运用扇形(Fan)、阶梯形(Ladder)、交界面形(Interface)网格对细长体小攻角对称、大攻角对称、大攻角非对称绕流流场进行了数值研究．通过涡核位置、涡簇显示、物面压力分布、轴向力分布等的计算结果比较了三种网格的计算精度．数值实验表明：细长体分离涡流场对边界层网格非常敏感,应严格控制边界层网格的正交性;随着攻角增大,流场对网格特性的敏感性有增高的趋势;阶梯形网格可能会对流场带入非物理性扰动,交界面网格对流场捕捉有不连续现象;将三种网格得到的物面压力、侧向力、流动分离位置与实验值进行对比,发现扇形网格误差最小、交界面网格误差最大;大攻角非对称流动时,扇形网格计算的侧向力有整体向细长体头部压缩的趋势,涡脱落位置靠前,第二个及第三个极值更大,说明非对称现象有向尾部发展的趋势．     

空化器出水非定常垂直空泡的研究

对空化器朝水面高速运动产生的非定常垂直空泡进行了理论研究. 建立了受水面和重力影响下的水下垂直空泡长度变化数学方程, 从方程中导出了非定常垂直空泡长度计算公式, 利用公式计算了空化器出水后空泡从脱落、收缩到溃灭的时间. 对带空化器的航行体, 公式还可以计算脱落空泡溃灭高压作用在航行体上的位置, 最后给出了避免溃灭高压作用在航行体上的条件和判据.     

冰孔约束条件下的弹丸倾斜入水实验研究

基于高速摄影技术,开展了冰孔约束条件下的弹丸倾斜入水实验;通过对比分析无冰环境与冰孔约束条件下的弹丸入水运动过程,并将入水运动过程分为空泡扩张、空泡闭合以及空泡溃灭三个阶段进行了研究,得到了冰孔约束条件下弹丸入水的空泡演化特性;通过对比同一直径冰孔约束条件不同入水初速下弹丸的空泡演化过程及速度变化规律,总结得出了入水初速对于冰孔约束条件下弹丸空泡演化特性以及入水运动特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：空泡扩张阶段,冰孔约束条件下产生的喷溅较为分散,弹丸背水面产生部分隆起;此外,冰孔约束条件下的空泡扩张受到阻碍,空泡最大直径减小。空泡闭合阶段,冰孔约束条件下的空泡闭合时间提前,并且撞击冰板的反射流冲击空泡侧壁使空泡发生局部冲击溃灭。空泡溃灭阶段,冰孔约束条件下的溃灭尾迹由局部冲击溃灭、脱落溃灭和正常溃灭组成;空泡溃灭产生的尾迹旋涡较小。随着入水初速的提高,空泡的长度和最大直径明显增大,局部冲击溃灭的宽度增加;冰孔约束条件会使得弹丸在空泡扩张阶段的速度衰减幅度增大,空泡的闭合时间提前,开始溃灭的时刻延后。

     

钝体倾斜和垂直冲击入水时引起的超空泡流动特性实验研究

对4种不同头型的钝体、以不同初始速度在小倾斜角度和垂直状态下入水,所产生的空泡流进行了的实验观察,分析了不同工况下空泡产生和发展的特性。实验结果表明：对于倾斜入水及垂直入水,圆台头和平头(即空化器均为圆盘)实验体均能形成较稳定的入水弹道;初始入水速度较低时,空泡的闭合方式为深闭合;初始入水速度较高时,空泡的闭合方式为表面闭合,且运动速度衰减得更快。测量得知,钝体倾斜入水产生的空泡的前部外形轮廓与Logvinovich的半经验公式给出的结果相吻合。在垂直入水的情况下,调查了物体头部对空泡的起始点位置及其形态的影响。

     

水下超声速细长锥型射弹超空泡形态的计算方法

采用理想可压缩流体无旋定常流动以及超空泡尾部Riabushinsky闭合方式假定,基于细长体理论和匹配渐近展开法,建立了描述水下超声速条件下细长锥型射弹超空泡流动的积分微分方程.求解得到了考虑压缩性影响的超空泡形态二阶近似解,改进了超空泡形态的计算精度.分析了超声速射弹高速冲击条件下流体压缩性对超空泡形态的影响.流体压...     

铅飞层中斜冲击波对碰马赫反射行为实验研究

采用线阵多普勒光纤探针测速技术(Doppler pins system,DPS)和高速光电分幅相机照相两种精密诊断技术,对铅飞层中斜冲击波对碰后的反射行为进行了观测。获得了飞层对碰部位速度-时间历史曲线和凸起形貌演化图像,给出了凸起轮廓发展演化过程、压力分布等实验数据和信息。结合冲击波反射理论,对铅飞层对碰区动力学现象进行了分析和解释,证实铅飞层中斜冲击波对碰后发生了马赫反射。     

Recent progress on the study of asymmetric vortex flow over slender bodies

The investigations of forebody vortex flow and its flow control have great importance in both academic field and engineering application areas. A large number of papers and many review papers have been published. However in this research field of forebody asymmetric vortices, three problems such as tip perturbation effect, Reynolds number effect and flow instability are less studied and thus not understood completely. So many researches are still working on the issues in recent years. The present paper attempts to provide a review of recent research progress on first two problems. The first problem is mainly concerned with how the vortex flow evolves after tip perturbation; how to solve the problem of repeatability and reproducibility of wind tunnel testing data; how to develop a conception of active flow control technique with tip perturbation based on the study of vortex flow response to tip perturbation. For the second problem one is mainly concerned that how the asymmetric vortices are developed with the increase of Reynolds number; how to classify the vortex flow patterns in different Reynolds number regimes; how to develop an appropriate boundary layer transition technique to simulate flows at high Reynolds number in the convention wind tunnels. Finally, some important ques- tions that deserve answers are proposed in the concluding remarks.     

大长细比弹体斜侵彻混凝土靶的动力学响应

基于刚塑性自由梁在横向冲击载荷下的动力学响应研究方法,结合空腔膨胀理论给出的弹体载荷分析,给出了弹体作为自由梁在塑性铰出现之前的响应行为,得到了梁内任一截面在横向载荷下剪力和弯矩分布规律以及轴向载荷下的轴力分布规律。计算结果表明,大长细比结构弹体的危险截面在承受较大轴向惯性压力载荷后,对由非正侵彻导致的横向载荷极为敏感。最后基于压弯联合作用载荷分析,给出了动能弹设计的抗弯极限壁厚要求。     

弹体高速入水特性实验研究

进行了速度在35～160 m/s的平头、卵形和截卵形弹体入水实验,利用高速相机记录了弹体入水和空泡扩展的详细过程,得到了3种弹体在入水初期的水中弹道轨迹和空泡形状,并比较分析了弹体头部形状对入水弹道稳定性的影响.结果表明,平头弹体在水中飞行有良好的弹道稳定性,截卵形弹体往往由于受力不均衡在入水后期发生偏转,卵形弹体则在...     

Influence of nose perturbations on behaviors of asymmetric vortices over slender body

The influence of nose perturbations on the behaviors of asymmetric vortices over a slender body with a three-caliber ogive nose is studied in this paper. The tests of a nose-disturbed slender body with surface pressure measurement were conducted at a low speed wind tunnel with subcritical Reynolds number of 1×10⁵ at angle of attack α=50°. The experiment results show that the behaviors and structure of asymmetric vortices over the slender body are mainly controlled by manual perturbation on the nose of body as compared with geometrical minute irregularities on the test model from the machining tolerances. The effect of the perturbation axial location on asymmetric vortices is the strongest if its location is near the model apex. There are four sensitive circumferential locations of manual perturbation at which bistable vortices over the slender body are switched by the perturbation. The flowfield near the reattachment line of lee side is more sensitive to the perturbation, because the saddle point to saddle point topological structure in this reattachment flowfield is unstable. Various types of perturbation do not change the perturbation effect on the behaviors of bistable asymmetric vortices. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172017) and the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Design and Research (00JS51.3.2 HK01)     

Experimental investigation of side force control on cone-cylinder slender bodies with flexible micro balloon actuators

Side forces on slender bodies of revolution at medium to high angles of attack (AOA > 30°) has been known from a large number of investigations. Asymmetric vortex pairs over a slender body are believed to be the principle cause of the side forces. Under some flight conditions, this side force may be as large as the normal force acting on the slender body. In this paper, experimental results are presented for side force control on a cone-cylinder slender body by using microfabricated balloon actuators. The micro balloon actuators are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer by using micro molding techniques. They can be packaged on curve surfaces of a cone-cylinder slender body. As actuator is actuated, the micro balloon actuator inflates about 1.2 mm vertically, which is about 2.4% of the cylinder diameter D (=50 mm) of the cone-cylinder slender body. Micro balloon actuators are actuated at different roll angles of a cone-cylinder slender body. Aerodynamic force measurement results indicate the effects of micro balloon actuators vary at different actuation locations on the cone-cylinder slender body. The side forces can be significantly reduced if the actuators are actuated in the weak vortex side (the side corresponding to the asymmetric vortex which is far from the surface) and actuation angles are located at about 50–60° (the actuation angle here is measured from stagnation line of the incidence plane toward weak vortex side direction). Significant changes are noticed from the surface pressure, as well as leeside vortex flow field, measurement. Micro balloon actuators change nose shapes of the slender body which decide adverse-pressure-gradient values and directly influence the origin of the separation lines and characteristics of the separated vortices over the leeside surface.     

弹体斜侵彻混凝土靶的实验研究及其数值模拟

以弹体斜侵彻混凝土的弹道特性为研究内容,通过侵彻实验与数值模拟得到了不同速度下的侵彻深度、开坑尺寸、偏转角等参数,实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。研究结果表明:倾角对开坑深度和开坑形状影响很大;倾角越大,对侵彻深度和偏转角的影响越明显,弹体偏转角随着速度的增大呈现减小的趋势;当倾角增至一定角度后发生跳弹现象,据此得到跳弹极限角与倾角、侵彻速度的关系。