用未涂敷毛细管电泳分离DNA片段

用内壁未涂敷毛细管，以羟乙基纤维素的无胶筛分介质，在６ｍｉｎ内分离了λＤＮＡ／ＥｃｏＲＩ＋ＨｉｎｄⅢ片段，探讨了ＤＮＡ片段在未涂敷毛细管中的分离机理，讨论了羟乙基纤维素和缓冲溶液浓度及电压对分离的影响，考察了ＤＮＡ片段迁移时间的重现性。     

毛细管电泳聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与羟乙基纤维素混配无胶筛分介质分离DN …

本文报道了毛细电泳聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与羟乙基纤维素混配无胶筛分介质分离较短的ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚｆ（＋）－ＨａｅⅢＤＢＡ片段（ＤＮＡ长度为１８～６７５ｂｐ）。研究表明,在１％的羟乙基纤维素无胶筛分介质中,加入２％的聚乙烯吡咯迷酮能显著提高ＤＮＡ片段的分辨率和分离效率。在混配无胶筛分介质中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮有两种作用,一是动态涂渍,降低毛细管内壁对ＤＮＡ片段与ＤＮＡ荧光插入试剂的吸附,改善分离效率;二是两种不同长     

毛细管电泳—激光诱导荧光法分离检测DNA片段与基因扩增产物

以羟丙甲基纤维素和非交联聚丙烯酰胺溶液为筛分介质，将毛细管电泳－激光诱导荧光法用于ＤＮＡ片段及基因扩增产物的分离检测。探讨了非胶筛分介质中高分子化合物的浓度、电解质的浓度、内插试剂用量等对ＤＮＡ片段分析检测的影响；考察了ＤＮＡ片段迁移时间和峰面积的重现性及ＤＮＡ片段定量检测的关系，建立了一种快速、灵敏的ＤＮＡ片段及基因扩增物分离检测方法。     

聚丙烯酸酯/环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物的研究Ⅲ.橡胶态弹性模量和互穿缠结

采用一步法（Ｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙ）合成了双组分的聚丙烯酸酯／环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物（ＩＰＮｓ）．选择预溶胀方法制备了聚丙烯酸酯和环氧树脂两种组分网络．测定了各种组分比的ＩＰＮ和不同溶胀度下的组分网络的动态力学性能，从橡胶态弹性理论出发讨论了ＩＰＮ和预溶胀网络之间在橡胶态弹性模量上的关系，并据此指出互穿缠结增加了网络的有效“交联密度”，因此，它对ＩＰＮ的橡胶态弹性模量有较大的贡献．密度测量的结果也提供了另一方面的证据     

毛细管电泳聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与羟乙基纤维素混配无胶筛分介质分离DNA片段

本文报道了毛细管电泳聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与羟乙基纤维素混配无胶筛分介质分离较短的 p GEM7Zf(+) Hae DNA片段 (DNA长度为 1 8～ 675bp)。研究表明 ,在 1 %的羟乙基纤维素无胶筛分介质中 ,加入 2 %的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能显著提高 DNA片段的分辨率和分离效率。在混配无胶筛分介质中 ,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮有两种作用 ,一是动态涂渍 ,降低毛细管内壁对 DNA片段与 DNA荧光插入试剂的吸附 ,改善分离效率 ;二是两种不同长度、性质的线性高分子能形成更为致密的“缠绕网络”,有利于较短的 DNA片段电泳分离。     

互穿结构及混合配体对金属-有机骨架材料分离性能的影响

在以前的工作中, 我们利用蒙特卡洛和分子动力学模拟计算了具有互穿性结构及混合配体的金属-有机骨架材料(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)分离CH₄/H₂的吸附选择性及扩散选择性. 研究了材料的互穿结构及混合配体对材料用于分离CH₄/H₂性能的影响. 在本工作中, 我们将以前的工作进行了扩展, 详细研究了材料的互穿结构及混合配体对材料用于分离CO₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂和CO₂/H₂等含有CO₂的气体混合物性能的影响. 此外, 为了进一步阐明材料的结构对于其分离性能的影响, 我们亦研究了材料用于分离CH₄/H₂及CH₄/N₂. 从我们的结果可以看出, 相比无互穿结构的MOFs材料, 具有互穿结构的MOFs材料对所研究的所有混合气体的渗透选择性明显提高. 这是因为具有互穿结构的MOFs材料对混合气体的吸附选择性明显高于无互穿结构的MOFs材料. 结果表明, 如果将材料作为膜用于气体混合物分离, 使材料产生互穿结构是提高材料分离性能的一个很好的策略.     

微波辐照合成互穿聚合物网络及形态性能研究

微波辐照合成互穿聚合物网络及形态性能研究李卫华，王静媛，李跃先，刘福安，李玉玮，汤心颐（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）关键词微波辐照，互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮｓ），形态性能互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮｓ），是一种新型的高分子复合材料，因具有独特的消声、...     

变性无胶毛细管筛分电泳分析聚合酶链式反应产物

在分离Ｙ染色体性别决定区,人１１号染色体短β－珠蛋白基因部分序列扩增产物和ＰＢＲ３２２／ＨａｅⅢ标准片段的混合样品时,ＳＲＹ和１０８／Ｂ的迁移时间均产生较大的偏差,在尿素变性存在的无胶筛分体系中迁移时,这种迁移时间的偏差得以消除,这意味着尿素性剂的存在消除了ＤＮＡ空间结构对迁移的影响,ＤＮＡ在此筛分介质中的迁移只与其片段长度有关。     

粘弹性阻尼材料中互穿聚合物网络技术的应用

阐述了粘弹性材料在振动波作用下的阻尼机理,指出声波法和模量法的统一性。综述了互穿聚合物网络技术要点,并解释相分离体系宽玻璃化转变区间的形成机理;介绍了互穿聚合和网络技术形成的新途径及梯度互穿聚合物网络技术要点。     

（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其其聚体系L‘IPN的合成和性能研究

通过ＤＭＳ、电镜、平衡溶胀比，密度等测定研究了将丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯等乙烯基单体作为共聚组分引入全（甲基）丙烯酸酯Ｌ＇ＬＰＮ（胶乳型互穿聚合物网络）中对共混体系相容性的影响，发现：种子乳液聚合所形成的Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ具有“核一壳”结构；通过地聚引进不同链结构能显著地调节ＩＰＮ（互穿聚合物网络）的相容性；在一定范围内提高Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ中的网络密度对提高共混体系的相容性是有效的；密度效应在ＩＰＮ共混系统中存在，但     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。