Influence of Dye Molecules on the Polarization of Ferroelectric Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymer

Crystallography Reports - Electrical, electromechanical, and structural–optical properties of films of vinylidene fluoride copolymer with tetrafluoroethylene TFE, doped with Rhodamine 6G dye,...     

Synthesis of the Copolymer Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole with Didecyl Chain for OPVs

A new accepter unit, diphenylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,5-dione with didecyl chain, was prepared and utilized for the synthesis of the conjugated polymer containing electron donor-acceptor pair for OPVs. The iDPP, part of the structure of a natural dye found in lichens, is the regioisomer of the known DPP with switched position of the carbonyl group and nitrogen atom. At the 4-positions of the N-substituted phenyl groups of 1,4-bis(4-butylphenyl)-pyrrolo[3,2-b]-pyrrole-2,5-dione unit in P-butyl, the butyl group was substituted with decyl group to increase solubility. The absorption spectrum of polymer with diphenylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,5-dione unit exhibit two maximum peaks at about 365 and 542 nm. The spectrum of the P1 as the solid thin film shows absorption band with maximum peaks at 370 and 536 nm, and the absorption onset at 703 nm, corresponding to band gap of 1.76 eV. The oxidation and reduction potential onset of the synthesized polymer were estimated to be 0.84 and ?1.22 V, which correspond to HOMO and LUMO energy levels of ?5.64 and ?3.58 eV, respectively. The devices comprising P1 with PC₆₁BM annealed at 100°C showed a V_OC of 0.79 V, a J_SC of 1.75 mA/cm², and a FF of 0.31, leading to the power conversion efficiency of 0.43% under white light illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm²).     

交变磁场中硅熔液的电磁力有限元分析

从电磁场的基本理论出发,本文利用ANSYS软件数值模拟了片状加热器硅晶体生长炉中的磁场和电磁力情况,采用有限元法对三相交流电产生的电磁场进行了三维数值求解,并进行了实验验证.结果表明:硅熔液在交变磁场下所受电磁力的空间分布呈周向性,且硅熔液边角处的电磁力最大,而不同电压相序下的电磁力方向是相反的,从而也导致了硅熔液的不同流动,最终模拟结果与实验现象符合良好.本文为进一步研发铸锭方式下进行的硅晶体生长技术提供了有价值的借鉴.     

Internal Friction in Copolymer Vinylidenefluoride with Trifluoroethylene at Ferroelectric Phase Transition

Crystallography Reports - Temperature dependences of internal friction Q–1, obtained at different heating rates of a copolymer VDF/TrFE (75/25) sample, are studied in the temperature range of...     

Dual mineralization of dicalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite formation on both sides of porous membrane: Alternating current induces pH-modulated crystal deposition

Dual mineralization on a porous membrane was carried out using an electrochemical approach. The porous membrane was interposed between a pair of glass cells, and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and sodium hydrogenphosphate (Na₂HPO₄) solutions were separately injected into the cells. After inserting platinum electrodes into the cells, an alternating current with a sine waveform was applied for a given period of time. The resulting membrane was removed from the glass cells and rinsed with ultrapure water. The minerals formed on the membrane were analyzed by using spectroscopic methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and identified to be dicalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. It was noted that dicalcium phosphate formed on one side of the membrane, while hydroxyapatite was formed on the other side. Thus, dual mineralization could be successfully achieved on both sides of the porous membrane under an alternating current. This process of dual mineralization is very useful for the formation of versatile organic–inorganic hybrids and also for the regulation of the polymorphs on either side of a membrane.     

交变磁场诱导自组装超结构Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PAA复合纳米线

采用沸腾回流法制备了单相Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4颗粒,并对其进行了PAA包覆,得到了Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/PAA复合纳米颗粒,并在交变磁场的诱导下进行自组装,得到了一维纳米线。室温磁滞回线表明,PAA的包覆降低了Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4颗粒的饱和磁化强度和矫顽力,分别为21.1 emu/g和3.2 Oe。偏光显微照片表明,在交变磁场磁性模板自我强化作用的影响下,制备的软磁铁氧体复合物在0.05 T的磁场中仍有较敏感的响应,形成一维纳米线。SEM照片表明,纳米线直径200 nm,长径比大于100,线体本身则由纳米复合物形成的小团聚体首尾相连构成。     

Characteristics and Applications of the Precision Sample Current Microanalysis

The Sample Current Microanalysis allows the identification of binary and quasibinary constituents with a higher precision and accuracy of the analytical results and an improved spatial resolution in comparison to conventional microanalytical techniques (Electron Probe Microanalysis, Secondary Ion Microanalysis). The paper describes the additional equipment required for the utilization of this method in Electron Probe Microanalysers and Scanning Electron Microscopes and specifies the required boundary conditions for analyses of high precision. In addition to the application for typical characterization problems an evaluation of the limits of this method is given.     

Characteristics of thin films formed by the ionized-cluster beam technique

The main characteristics of the metal films deposited by ionized-cluster beam deposition and their applications are described. These films showed good adhesion, high packing density, good conductivity, and unique diffusion characteristics of the deposited material onto Si substrates. These advantages have been utilized in fabricating electron devices such as flexible circuits, solar cells, and ohmic contacts.     

湍流型水平式APCVD反应器传热特性的研究

本文通过数值模拟以纵向宽高比和横向宽高比分别为10和4的湍流型水平式反应器为例,研究了不同雷诺数(Re)和瑞利数(Ra)下反应器内部的传热问题.结果表明,热对流处于软湍流区时,时均传热量在整个基座横向上分布比较均匀,说明这种湍流型反应器在原则上具有一定的可行性.     

仿祖母绿立方氧化锆晶体的光谱特性研究

利用冷坩埚法生长了掺杂不同种类及含量着色离子的仿祖母绿立方氧化锆晶体(ZrO2),研究了它们的透射光谱特性,并分析了它们与国外仿祖母绿立方ZrO2晶体、天然祖母绿以及合成祖母绿在光谱特性上的差异.研究结果表明,仿祖母绿立方ZrO2晶体所形成的主要特征吸收峰源于Pr3+、Co3+和Cr3+等着色离子的特定能级跃迁.通过改变掺入着色离子的种类及含量可以调控特征吸收峰的宽度和强度,使仿祖母绿立方ZrO2的颜色与天然祖母绿接近.     

纳米非晶碳薄膜的制备及其场致电子发射特性

采用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(MPECVD)法,在涂有FeCl3的硅衬底上制备出了纳米非晶碳薄膜.通 过SEM、XRD和拉曼光谱分析了薄膜材料的形貌和结构.并研究了薄膜材料的场发射特性.结果表明:薄膜的开启电场仅为0.39 V/μm;当电场强度为1.85 V/μm时,电流密度高达3.06 mA/cm2;且场发射点均匀、密集、稳定.迭代法计算表明薄膜材料的功函数为3.1 eV,发射点密度约为1.7×105个/cm2.这些均表明该薄膜是一种性能优良的场发射阴极材料.     

KDP晶体各向异性对划痕特性影响的实验研究

对KDP晶体二倍频晶面样品进行金刚石球形压头纳米划痕实验,划痕方向为0°、45°和90°,划痕长度为420μm,恒斜率载荷变化范围为0～150 mN,并利用扫描电子显微镜对划痕形貌进行观察.通过对划痕深度-距离曲线及划痕形貌进行分析,获取各划痕方向脆塑去除比例和脆塑转换位置.实验结果表明:0°、45°和90°方向脆塑转变位置分别为209.0μm、158.5 μm和112.6 μm,从而可知沿0°方向划痕的样品脆塑转变最晚,临界载荷最大,划痕脆性去除最少,是样品的最优加工方向.磨削加工验证实验结果显示,0°方向平均切削力及加工后表面粗糙度均最小,进一步证实其为KDP晶体二倍频表面最优加工方向.     

NiMnCo粉末触媒合成金刚石特征的研究

本文采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、图象分析仪和金刚石性能测试仪分别对粉末状和片状NiMnCo触媒合成的金刚石形貌、(111)、(100)结晶面的微形貌、包裹体分布及其力学性能进行分析.研究结果表明:与片状触媒合成的金刚石相比,NiMnCo粉末触媒合成的金刚石呈典型的六-八面体,晶型完整率高;(111)、(100)结晶面完整无缺陷,透明度高、包裹体少且细小分散.因此,NiMnCo粉末触媒合成的金刚石具有较高的静压强度和热稳定性.     

Scaling in the Optical Characteristics of Aperiodic Structures with Self-Similarity Symmetry

The properties of diffraction gratings and multilayered systems constructed using 1D models of quasicrystals are considered based on numerical simulation. It is shown that there is a direct relationship between the self-similarity symmetry of quasicrystals and scaling in the characteristics of the above-mentioned optical devices. The degree of structural correspondence between the graphical representations of the geometric properties of crystals, light diffraction patterns of gratings, and the transmission spectra of multilayered systems is estimated. It is shown that certain types of self-similarity symmetry make the characteristics of aperiodic diffraction gratings highly stable to a change in the size ratio of forming elements.     

Effect of the Structure of the Lithium Niobate Surface Layer on the Characteristics of Optical Waveguides

Crystallography Reports - The surface and surface layer of X-cut plates of congruent lithium niobate (produced by OAO Fomos Materials) have been investigated by structural and optical methods. It...     

Organizational Characteristics of Some Ionene Oligomers Bearing the Viologen Mesogenic Moiety

The synthesis and characterization of some ionene oligomers bearing the viologen moiety and separated by methylenic spacers of varying length is reported. The organization of these oligomers, which was the main subject of the characterization was studied by various methods including X-ray powder diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy. For these oligomers, both in the bulk and the solution a lamellar structure was proposed consisting of alternate polar layers, formed through the electrostatic interaction of quaternary nitrogens with bromides, and of the lipophilic layers of the methylenic spacers.     

LnX3型稀土卤化物闪烁晶体的闪烁性能

本文简要综述了LnX3型稀土卤化物闪烁晶体的发展历史与研究现状,对几种常见晶体(CeF3,LaF3,LuCl3,LaCl3,LuBr3,LaBr3)的物理、化学性质、晶体生长及闪烁性能等进行详细总结归纳,同时指出了当前具有优异闪烁性能的LaCl3:Ce和LaBr3:Ce晶体亟待解决的问题、未来的发展方向及其广阔的应用前景.     

热还原温度对氧化石墨烯电阻-温度特性的影响

Hummers法制备的氧化石墨在水中超声分散获得氧化石墨烯,再在不同温度下焙烧进行热还原获得不同还原程度的氧化石墨烯.以Ag-Pd叉指电极衬底为基底,采用沉淀镀膜法制备阻温元件.利用热重和差热分析(TG-DTA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)对氧化石墨烯的热稳定性、官能团、结构缺陷和能带结构等结构属性进行表征.结果表明:随着还原温度由100℃提高到450℃,氧化石墨烯含氧官能团逐渐脱失减少,缺陷增多;禁带宽度减小,由3.04 eV减小到2.4eV;导电性增强,电阻由696.3 kΩ降至8Ω,表现出负电阻-温度特性.阻温元件样品的电阻随着测试温度的升高而降低,表现出明显的半导体行为,并且电导率与温度关系符合阿伦尼乌斯定理.