Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Purge Flow and Main Flow Interaction in a Low-Speed Turbine Cascade Passage

In order to protect the vulnerable turbine components from extreme high temperature, coolant flow is introduced from the compressor to the disk cavity, inevitably interacting with the main flow. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow in a low-speed turbine cascade with three purge flow rates, Cm = 0, Cm = 1%, and Cm = 2%. In order to study the effect of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow on the secondary flows, a Rortex method developed by Liu Chaoquan is introduced to identify the vortex in the flow field. In the meantime, a method to calculate the mean entropy production rate based on the particle image velocimetry (PIV) result is adopted to investigate the flow loss. The PIV result indicates that the purge flow has a prominent impact on the flow field of the cascade passage, changing the velocity distribution that induces a local blockage area. The results of vortex identification show that the purge flow promotes the generation of the passage vortex near the suction side. In addition, the purge flow makes the passage vortex migrate to the tip wall direction, enlarging the region affected by the secondary flow. The mean entropy production (MEP) result shows that the flow loss is mainly caused by the passage vortex. The coincidence of the high-MEP region and the location of the passage vortex indicates that the purge flow increases the secondary flow loss by affecting the formation and the migration of the passage vortex.     

湍流度对单排圆孔及后扩孔气膜冷却的影响

通过传热-传质类比法研究了湍流度对单排圆柱孔及后扩孔气膜冷却效率的影响.计算结果表明,小吹风比M=0.5时,圆柱孔与后扩孔的壁面冷却效率相当,湍流度趋向于在整个下游区域使冷却效果恶化;大吹风比M=2时,后扩孔产生的壁面气膜冷却效率的提高明显,而湍流度的提高强化了冷却剂向壁面的扩散,削弱了冷却气膜脱离壁面的现象,趋向于在整个下游区域提升冷却效率.     

矩形冷却孔附近流动的数值研究

为了深刻认识冷却孔附近的流动结构和旋涡生成机理,本文数值研究了平板上不同矩形射流孔附近的局部流场.在给定横向流速和吹风比条件下,对不同长宽比的矩形垂直射流孔附近区域三维定常流动的流场结构进行了研究.并分析了孔附近各种主要涡旋生成的机理.     

密度比和吹风比对透平静叶气膜冷却的影响

燃气轮机中冷却空气和高温燃气的密度比和吹风比是影响透平叶片气膜冷却性能重要因素。本文采用压力敏感漆技术,对燃气轮机第一级静叶栅气膜冷却的冷却性能进行了实验研究。实验中测量了静叶栅在不同密度比（1．5／1．0）和不同吹风比条件下的冷却效率。密度比的改变射流的出口动量,造成射流出口的流动特征发生变化,从而影响冷却效率,影响...     

前缘逆主流喷射冷气时涡轮叶栅流场性能研究

前缘逆主流喷射冷气对壁面静压有明显影响;冷气与主流掺混及卵型涡的形成导致近叶片表面处能量损失增加;吸力面或压力面根部出现与通道涡旋向相同或相反的涡系;卵型涡能够以一定形式保持到叶栅出口并与尾迹作用,使出口处气动参数剧烈变化．     

冷却孔附近三维流动的结构

本文简略综述了横流中射流研究的局部结构,并且采用数值模拟的方法,研究在给定横向流速和不同吹风比(0．5、1．0和1．5)条件下,圆形垂直射流孔附近区域三维定常流动的流场,以揭示局部流场的复杂涡系结构和形成机理。     

气膜孔角度对动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却的影响

本文针对GE-E3第一级动叶前缘的冲击/气膜复合冷却结构进行了热流耦合数值研究.采用标准k-ω湍流模型,分析了前缘气膜孔对称布置时,其角度对透平动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却特性的影响;在五种冷气质量流量比(MFR=0005,0.010, 0.016, 0.020, 0.025)下,研究了气膜孔在不同角度(β=20°,25...     

出流角对旋转涡轮叶片前缘气膜冷却影响

基于频闪拍照和稳态液晶测温技术,实验研究了不同气膜孔出流角对旋转态整级涡轮叶片前缘外壁面的气膜冷却特性的影响。实验中,叶片前缘处的主流雷诺数为6.3378×104。实验转速为574 r/min,对应的旋转数为0.0018。平均吹风比从0.5变化到1.25。射流采用N2,其对应的密度比为1.04。结果表明:展向平均气膜冷效是随吹风比的增加而单调增加的,其中最佳吹风比为M=1.25。对于所有吹风比,在-4.3相似文献   

基于局部非热平衡模型的发汗冷却过程的数值模拟

本文对水平槽道内发汗冷却建立了包括主流区、多孔壁面区和致密壁面区在内的完整的物理模型和数学描述, 对耦合传热过程开展了数值模拟,对平板发汗冷却的机理进行了深入的研究。研究表明:发汗冷却减小了壁面处的速度梯度,使下壁面边界层明显增厚;随着冷却流体的注入,壁面处的湍流应力明显增大;湍流应力的最大值向没有发汗冷却的壁面一侧偏移,并且增加了最大湍流应力;边界层的增厚使得发汗冷却区域壁面摩擦阻力系数降低。随着冷却剂流量的增大,壁面温度也随之下降;数值模拟结果与实验结果较好地吻合。     

Effect of impingement jet on the full-coverage film cooling system with double layered wall

The present study was conducted to evaluate the total cooling effectiveness in combined full-coverage film cooling and impingement jet using an infrared thermographic technique. The effect of film cooling hole angle, blowing ratio, and height to diameter ratio between the film cooling and impingement jet plates was discussed. The total cooling effectiveness increased as impingement jet cooling was added. The angled film cooling holes had approximately 4.6% higher total cooling effectiveness than the normal film cooling holes. The total cooling effectiveness was almost constant regardless of height to diameter ratio, but enhanced as the blowing ratio was increased.     

Application of local indentations for film cooling of gas turbine blade leading edge

The paper presents results of computer simulation of the film cooling on the turbine blade leading edge model where the air coolant is supplied through radial holes and row of cylindrical inclined holes placed inside hemispherical dimples or trench. The blowing factor was varied from 0.5 to 2.0. The model size and key initial parameters for simulation were taken as for a real blade of a high-pressure high-performance gas turbine. Simulation was performed using commercial software code ANSYS CFX. The simulation results were compared with reference variant (no dimples or trench) both for the leading edge area and for the flat plate downstream of the leading edge.     

向心透平级叶轮内三维复杂流动的数值研究

对向心透平叶轮内部复杂流动在级环境下进行了全三维黏性数值模拟,结合拓扑学原理分析了设计工况和非设计工况下其内流动分离及各种涡系发展的演变过程,初步建立了向心透平叶轮内的旋涡模型,阐述了流动损失的形成机理。研究表明:向心透平叶轮内部涡系与轴流式透平存在较大差别,且流动分离及涡系主要集中在吸力面侧;设计工况下向心透平叶轮内的主要旋涡包括马蹄涡、通道涡及泄漏涡,其主要表现为通道涡与泄漏涡相互影响和掺混,是主要损失的形成原因;非设计工况下,主流在叶轮叶片前缘处发生大范围的分离及回流,造成了较大的能量损失,但二次流损失所占比例较小。     

自耦合射流冲击冷却的数值计算

本文利用动网格技术对两维自耦合射流冲击冷却恒热流壁面进行了数值模拟,腔体底面具有一定的运动规律,每个时间步网格会重新划分。通过对流场和温度场的分析,得出以下结论:自耦合射流是零质量射流,射流的截面速度分布具有自相似性。涡对的平移和破碎影响了温度场的分布,从而冲击靶面温度最低点不是出现在射流驻点区,而是对应于涡对破碎、紊流度最大的位置。     

涡轮叶栅端壁区非定常流场显示

用氢气泡法流场显示技术,获得了不同攻角、不同径向间隙下涡轮平面叶栅端壁区内各种旋涡的发生、发展、涡－涡干涉、涡－附面层干涉的非定常流动图画,加深对涡轮端壁区流动结构的认识。     

涡轮叶栅双排孔气膜冷却数值模拟

采用具有三阶精度TVD性质的有限差分格式、自由型曲面技术以及分区网格算法,对某型具有冷气孔形状的涡轮叶栅进行了全三维N-S方程数值求解,描述了相邻两排冷气射流在叶栅吸力面形成的冷却气膜以及壁面附近冷却射流运动的特点,分析了不同吹风比和喷射角度情况下冷却绝热效率的分布规律。结果表明,在较大的吹风比和喷射角下,交错排列的两排冷却射流运动规律非常复杂,在两排孔之间的区域与冷气孔下游区域冷却气膜的形成规律具有明显的区别。     

涡轮叶片前缘阵列冲击冷却流动及传热特性数值研究

本文采用SST湍流模型模拟了类前缘通道内蒸汽射流阵列冲击冷却的流动与传热特性,分析了雷诺数(Re=10000～50000)、孔径比(d/H=0.5～0.9)和孔间距比(S/H=2～6)对流动及传热性能的影响规律,得到了相应的传热和摩擦关联式。结果表明:在不同雷诺数下,d/H从0.5到0.9变化时,通道压力损失系数降低了76%～79%,靶面平均努塞尔数降低了45%～49%;S/H从2增至6时,通道压力损失系数增加了1.64～1.92倍,靶面平均努塞尔数增加了54%～64%;增大d/H、减小S/H可有效提高类前缘通道蒸汽冲击冷却的综合热力系数。本文研究结果可为未来先进燃气轮机高温涡轮叶片蒸汽冷却结构的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

三流道喷嘴涡流管能量分离特性的研究

涡流管是一种可以产生冷热分离效应的结构简单的装置,尽管其在结构和操作上非常简单,但管内发生的能量交换过程却极其复杂。以压缩空气作为涡流管的工作介质,对涡流管能量分离特性进行了实验研究,获得了涡流管制热效应、制冷效应与进气压力以及冷流率之间的关系。研究结果表明:在冷流率 μ_c<85％时,喷嘴进口压力愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈好,制热效应也愈好;冷流率愈高,三流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷效应愈差,但三流道喷嘴涡流管的制热效应愈好。     

Effects of single synthetic jet on turbulent boundary layer

The turbulent boundary layer (TBL) is actively controlled by the synthetic jet generated from a circular hole. According to the datasets of velocity fields acquired by a time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system, the average drag reduction rate of 6.2% in the downstream direction of the hole is obtained with control. The results of phase averaging show that the synthetic jet generates one vortex pair each period and the consequent vortex evolves into hairpin vortex in the environment with free-stream, while the reverse vortex decays rapidly. From the statistical average, it can be found that a low-speed streak is generated downstream. Induced by the two vortex legs, the fluid under them converges to the middle. The drag reduction effect produced by the synthetic jet is local, and it reaches a maximum value at x⁺=400, where the drag reduction rate reaches about 12.2%. After the extraction of coherent structure from the spatial two-point correlation analysis, it can be seen that the synthetic jet suppresses the streamwise scale and wall-normal scale of the large scale coherent structure, and slightly weakens the spanwise motion to achieve the effect of drag reduction.     

激光相干合成中单元的相位和振幅波动对合成光束远场分布的影响

运用傅里叶光学分析法推导出系统抖动造成单个光源的相位和振幅发生波动时的远场光强表达式,以1维阵列为例分析了系统抖动对远场的影响。研究表明:随着参与合束的发光单元数目的增加,尖峰变锐,能量更集中;系统抖动引起了远场峰值光强的减少,出现了本底现象,破坏了远场的对称性和光束质量;激光阵列单个光源的相位随机抖动应该控制在3/8范围内;相干合束发光单元数目越多,系统抖动对远场的影响越小。     

涡轮动叶冷却结构设计方法Ⅰ:参数化设计

基于冷却结构参数化设计、传统的管网计算方法与新兴的气热耦合数值模拟技术,提出了一套涡轮冷却结构设计方法,并编写了相关的设计程序与计算程序。利用参数化设计方法可以快速而精确地设计冷却结构,管网计算用于指导方案设计,气热耦合数值模拟用于指导详细设计。参数化设计中利用单元设计法程序实现动叶冷却通道快速设计;借助管网计算模型自动生成程序与CFD计算域三维实体快速造型方法,可以快速生成管网计算或在较短的时间内完成CFD计算域精确建模,为热分析计算提供条件。