Möbius hypersurfaces in S S+1with three distinct principal curvatures

On a hypersurface of a unit sphere without umbilical points, we know that three Möbius invariants can be defined and analogous to Euclidean case, we have the concepts of Möbius isoparametric and isotropic hypersurfaces. In this paper, we study the relationship between Euclidean geometry and Möbius geometry, and prove that a hypersurface in a sphere with constant length of the second fundamental form is Euclidean isoparametric if and only if it is Möbius isoparametric. When restricting to the case of three distinct principal curvatures, we show that such a hypersurface is either Möbius isoparametric or isotropic if the Blaschke tensor has constant eigenvalues.     

Möbius inversion formulas for flows of arithmetic semigroups

We define a convolution-like operator which transforms functions on a space X via functions on an arithmetical semigroup S, when there is an action or flow of S on X. This operator includes the well-known classical Möbius transforms and associated inversion formulas as special cases. It is defined in a sufficiently general context so as to emphasize the universal and functorial aspects of arithmetical Möbius inversion. We give general analytic conditions guaranteeing the existence of the transform and the validity of the corresponding inversion formulas, in terms of operators on certain function spaces. A number of examples are studied that illustrate the advantages of the convolutional point of view for obtaining new inversion formulas.     

Finiteness obstructions and Euler characteristics of categories

We introduce notions of finiteness obstruction, Euler characteristic, L²-Euler characteristic, and Möbius inversion for wide classes of categories. The finiteness obstruction of a category Γ of type (FPR) is a class in the projective class group K₀(RΓ); the functorial Euler characteristic and functorial L²-Euler characteristic are respectively its RΓ-rank and L²-rank. We also extend the second author's K-theoretic Möbius inversion from finite categories to quasi-finite categories. Our main example is the proper orbit category, for which these invariants are established notions in the geometry and topology of classifying spaces for proper group actions. Baez and Dolan's groupoid cardinality and Leinster's Euler characteristic are special cases of the L²-Euler characteristic. Some of Leinster's results on Möbius–Rota inversion are special cases of the K-theoretic Möbius inversion.     

Antiplectic Structure, Diffeomorphism and Generalized KdV Family

In this paper we show that the generalized KdV, generalized Camassa–Holm equations and the corresponding Möbius invariant generalized Schwarzian KdV, Schwarzian CH equations can be realized in terms of flows induced by on the space of differential operators and on the space of immersion curves, respectively. These are Euler–Poincaré type flows, and one of the flow takes place on an infinite-dimensional Poisson manifold and the other on a slightly degenerate infinite-dimensional Symplectic manifold. They form an Antiplectic pair. We also study Euler–Poincaré flow with respect to metric, and this induces generalized Camassa–Holm equation. In the final section we discuss the Antiplectic pair in dimensions.Dedicated to Professor George Wilson on his 65th birthday with great respect and admiration.     

A new characteristic of Möbius transformations by use of polygons having type A

In the hyperbolic plane Möbius transformations can be characterized by Lambert quadrilaterals, i.e., a continuous bijection which maps Lambert quadrilaterals to Lambert quadrilaterals must be Möbius. In this paper we generalize this result to the case of polygons with n sides having type A, that is, having exactly two non-right interior angle.     

On the holonomy group associated with analytic continuations of solutions for integrable systems

Necessary conditions for complex Hamiltonian systems to be integrable are considered in connection with holonomy representations of the Riemann surfaces of solutions. They are concerned with analytic continuations of solutions near those satisfying some non-resonance condition. We prove that if the system is integrable, there exists a system of local coordinates in which all Poincaré maps associated with loops on the surfaces are solved explicitly.Dedicated to Professor Kenichi Shiraiwa     

Deformation of hypersurfaces preserving the Möbius metric and a reduction theorem

A hypersurface without umbilics in the (n+1)$(n+1)$-dimensional Euclidean space f:Mⁿ→Rⁿ⁺¹$f:M^n\to R^{n+1}$ is known to be determined by the Möbius metric g and the Möbius second fundamental form B   up to a Möbius transformation when n?3$n?3$. In this paper we consider Möbius rigidity for hypersurfaces and deformations of a hypersurface preserving the Möbius metric in the high dimensional case n?4$n?4$. When the highest multiplicity of principal curvatures is less than n−2$n-2$, the hypersurface is Möbius rigid. When the multiplicities of all principal curvatures are constant, deformable hypersurfaces and the possible deformations are also classified completely. In addition, we establish a reduction theorem characterizing the classical construction of cylinders, cones, and rotational hypersurfaces, which helps to find all the non-trivial deformable examples in our classification with wider application in the future.     

A Grothendieck module with applications to Poincaré rationality

In this paper, we define a Grothendieck module associated to a Noetherian ring A. This structure is designed to encode relations between A-modules which can be responsible for the relations among Betti numbers and therefore rationality of the Poincaré series. We will define the Grothendieck module, demonstrate that the condition of being torsion in the Grothendieck module implies rationality of the Poincaré series, and provide examples. The paper concludes with an example which demonstrates that the condition of being torsion in the Grothendieck module is strictly stronger than having rational Poincaré series.     

A summability method for the arithmetic Fourier transform

The Arithmetic Fourier Transform (AFT) is an algorithm for the computation of Fourier coefficients, which is suitable for parallel processing and in which there are no multiplications by complex exponentials. This is accomplished by the use of the Möbius function and Möbius inversion. However, the algorithm does require the evaluation of the function at an array of irregularly spaced points. In the case that the function has been sampled at regularly spaced points, interpolation is used at the intermediate points of the array. Generally theAFT is most effective when used to calculate the Fourier cosine coefficients of an even function.In this paper a summability method is used to derive a modification of theAFT algorithm. The proof of the modification is quite independent of theAFT itself and involves a summation by primes. One advantage of the new algorithm is that with a suitable sampling scheme low order Fourier coefficients may be calculated without interpolation.     

Projective bundle ideals and Poincaré duality algebras

The study of maximal-primary irreducible ideals in a commutative graded connected Noetherian algebra over a field is in principle equivalent to the study of the corresponding quotient algebras. Such algebras are Poincaré duality algebras. A prototype for such an algebra is the cohomology with field coefficients of a closed oriented manifold. Topological constructions on closed manifolds often lead to algebraic constructions on Poincaré duality algebras and therefore also on maximal-primary irreducible ideals. It is the purpose of this note to examine several of these and develop some of their basic properties.     

A new characteristic of Möbius transformations by use of Apollonius quadrilaterals

The purpose of this paper is to give a new invariant characteristic property of Möbius transformations from the standpoint of conformal mapping. To this end a new concept of ``Apollonius quadrilaterals' is used.

     

Möbius functions and semigroup representation theory

This paper explores several applications of Möbius functions to the representation theory of finite semigroups. We extend Solomon's approach to the semigroup algebra of a finite semilattice via Möbius functions to arbitrary finite inverse semigroups. This allows us to explicitly calculate the orthogonal central idempotents decomposing an inverse semigroup algebra into a direct product of matrix algebras over group rings. We also extend work of Bidigare, Hanlon, Rockmore and Brown on calculating eigenvalues of random walks associated to certain classes of finite semigroups; again Möbius functions play an important role.     

Deformations of equivelar Stanley–Reisner abelian surfaces

The versal deformation of Stanley–Reisner schemes associated to equivelar triangulations of the torus is studied. The deformation space is defined by binomials and there is a toric smoothing component which I describe in terms of cones and lattices. Connections to moduli of abelian surfaces are considered. The case of the Möbius torus is especially nice and leads to a projective Calabi–Yau 3-fold with Euler number 6.     

Semigroups in Möbius and Lorentzian Geometry

The Möbius semigroup studied in this paper arises very naturally geometrically as the (compression) subsemigroup of the group of Möbius transformations which carry some fixed open Möbius ball into itself. It is shown, using geometric arguments, that this semigroup is a maximal subsemigroup. A detailed analysis of the semigroup is carried out via the Lorentz representation, in which the semigroup resurfaces as the semigroup carrying a fixed half of a Lorentzian cone into itself. Close ties with the Lie theory of semigroups are established by showing that the semigroup in question admits the structure of an Ol'shanskii semigroup, the most widely studied class of Lie semigroups.     

Topological structure of integral manifolds and period-doubling bifurcation

We investigate the topological structure of integral manifolds near a closed orbit of an autonomous differential system. We prove that under some circumstances these manifolds are homeomorphic to a Möbius strip. It is shown that the appearance of a period-doubling bifurcation in systems depending on a parameter is intimately connected with the occurence of a center manifold homeomorphic to a Möbius strip. Finally we demonstate that the period-doubling bifurcation can be treated as Hopf bifurcation on a Möbius strip.

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Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen die topologische Struktur von Integralmannigfaltigkeiten in der Nähe einer geschlossenen Lösungskurve eines autonomen Differentialgleichungssystems. Wir beweisen, daß unter gewissen Umständen diese Mannigfaltigkeiten homöomorph zu einem Möbius-Band sind. Es wird gezeigt, daß das Auftreten einer Periodenverdopplungsbifurkation in parameterabhängigen Systemen eng mit der Existenz einer Zentrumsmannigfaltigkeit verknüpft ist, die homöomorph zu einem Möbius-Band ist. Abschließend demonstrieren wir, daß die Periodenverdopplungsbifurkation als Hopf-Bifurkation auf einem Möbius-Band behandelt werden kann.

     

Biorthogonal polynomials: Recent developments

An important application of biorthogonal polynomials is in the generation of polynomial transformations that map zeros in a predictable way. This requires the knowledge of the explicit form of the underlying biorthogonal polynomials.The most substantive set of parametrized Borel measures whose biorthogonal polynomials are known explicitly are theMöbius quotient functions (MQFs), whose moments are Möbius functions in the parameter. In this paper we describe recent work on the characterization of MQFs, following two distinct approaches. Firstly, by restricting the attention to specific families of Borel measures, of the kind that featured in [4], it is possible sometimes to identify all possible MQFs by identifying a functional relationship between weight functions for different values of the parameter. Secondly, provided that the coefficients in Möbius functions are smooth (in a well defined sense), it is possible to prove that the weight function obeys a differential relationship that, in specific cases, allows an explicit characterization of MQFs. In particular, if all such coefficients are polynomial, the MQFs form a subset of generalized hypergeometric functions.Dedicated to Syvert P. Nørsett on the occasion of his 50th birthdayThis paper has been written during the author's visit to California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.     

Möbius Geometry of Surfaces of Constant Mean Curvature 1 in Hyperbolic Space

An overview of the various transformations of isothermic surfaces and their interrelations is given using aquaternionic formalism. Applications to the theory of cmc-1 surfaces inhyperbolic space are given and relations between the two theories are discussed. Within this context, we give Möbius geometric characterizations for cmc-1 surfaces in hyperbolic space and theirminimal cousins.     

The interaction transform for functions on lattices

The paper proposes a general approach of interaction between players or attributes. It generalizes the notion of interaction defined for players modeled by games, by considering functions defined on distributive lattices. A general definition of the interaction transform is provided, as well as the construction of operators establishing transforms between games, their Möbius transforms and their interaction indices.     

The Möbius function of separable and decomposable permutations

We give a recursive formula for the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] in the poset of permutations ordered by pattern containment in the case where π is a decomposable permutation, that is, consists of two blocks where the first one contains all the letters 1,2,…,k for some k. This leads to many special cases of more explicit formulas. It also gives rise to a computationally efficient formula for the Möbius function in the case where σ and π are separable permutations. A permutation is separable if it can be generated from the permutation 1 by successive sums and skew sums or, equivalently, if it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142.We also show that the Möbius function in the poset of separable permutations admits a combinatorial interpretation in terms of normal embeddings among permutations. A consequence of this interpretation is that the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] of separable permutations is bounded by the number of occurrences of σ as a pattern in π. Another consequence is that for any separable permutation π the Möbius function of (1,π) is either 0, 1 or −1.