二维振动方向变换器的耦合振动及其等效电路

二维振动方向变换器集功率合成和二维超声输出的功能于一体,在功率超声技术中具有重要的应用价值。然而,对于二维振动方向变换器的设计分析只有一种较为复杂的波动方程法。为此,本文研究了二维振动方向变换器的另外一种简明的设计分析方法——等效电路法。通过引入二维机械耦合系数和纵向力转换系数,利用力电类比原理建立了二维振动方向变换器的同相及反相二维耦合振动的统一等效电路模型。利用本文提出的设计方法,计算了两种不同材料的二维振动方向变换器的谐振频率,与有限元计算结果及实验测试结果一致,为该类超声振动系统的工程应用提供了一种简洁直观的设计分析方法。     

同向振动L-L振动方向变换器的等效电路

基于表观弹性法和机电类比原理,推导了L-L振动方向变换器正交复合振动系统的机电等效电路及谐振频率方程。分别利用等效电路法、波动方程法,通过有限元法计算并结合实验测试分析了变换器同向振动的共振频率与其纵向及横向尺寸的变化规律。研究表明,变换器做同向振动时的共振频率随其纵向尺寸的增加而减小,随其横向尺寸的增加而增大;比较三种方法计算结果可知,本文给出的等效电路模型计算结果和有限元仿真结果均与实验测试结果相吻合,为该类超声振动系统的设计提供较为精确的设计理论。     

弹性薄圆环的超声频径向振动及其等效电路研究

对各向同性弹性薄圆环的径向振动进行了研究,得出了其等效电路。在此基础上,推出了其径向振动的频率方程以及振子的共振频率的表达式,利用数值法得出了不同材料弹性薄圆环径向振动频率方程的一系列根。经过拟合,得出了频率方程的根与振子材料的泊松系数的拟合关系曲线,从而大大方便了径向振动薄圆环的工程设计及计算。     

锥形剖面径向复合超声换能器的机电等效电路

研究了一种锥形剖面径向复合超声换能器。该换能器由一个等截面内金属圆环、一个轴向极化的压电陶瓷圆环和一个锥形剖面外金属圆环沿径向复合而成,且换能器的径向尺寸远大于高度。锥形剖面外金属圆环满足关系式h=h0r,h0为厚度变化常数。基于平面应力径向振动理论,推导了换能器的机电等效电路,得到了共振频率方程和反共振频率方程,进而研究了换能器的振动特性。并将理论计算的第1阶、第2阶径向共振频率和反共振频率与数值仿真结果相比较,二者结果一致。研究表明:锥形剖面换能器第1阶、第2阶径向共振频率、反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数不仅与换能器各部分的材料、径向几何尺寸有关,还与h0有关。h0越大,第1阶径向共振频率、反共振频率越大,有效机电耦合系数先增大后减小。与等截面相比,锥形剖面换能器沿径向向外辐射声波,辐射面积更大,辐射声功率更高,指向性更好。     

纵向激发圆柱体超声频耦合振动的等效线路及其分析

本文利用表观弹性法的理论,得出了圆柱体耦合振动的一种等效线路,讨论了圆柱体耦合振动的频率方程及负载阻抗对振动频率的影响,计算了圆柱振动输入机械阻抗以及径向与纵向表观振速比随其几何尺寸变化的关系曲线.分析及计算结果表明,利用等效线路分析圆柱体的耦合振动,物理意义明显,计算简单,是分析及合理设计圆柱振动体的一种很方便的途径。     

Free vibration analysis of piezoelectric coupled circular plate with open circuit

A vibration analysis of a circular steel substrate surface bonded by a piezoelectric layer with open circuit is presented. A solution for the electrical potential along the thickness direction of the piezoelectric layer satisfying the open circuit electric boundary condition is developed for the first time. The mechanical model and solutions for the vibration analysis of the piezoelectric coupled circular plate are then established based on the developed electrical potential, the Kirchhoff plate model, and the Maxwell equation. The first four mode shapes and the corresponding resonant frequencies of the plate with two standard boundary conditions are presented in numerical simulations and compared with those of a piezoelectric coupled plate with the closed circuit condition. The simulations show that the resonant frequencies of the open circuit piezoelectric coupled plate are higher than those of the closed circuit piezoelectric coupled plate. Corresponding discussions are thus provided for the higher piezoelectric effect from the open circuit piezoelectric layer.     

Electromechanical equivalent circuit of radial composite ultrasonic transducer with a conical profile

A kind of radial composite ultrasonic transducer with a conical profile was stud-ied.The transducer is composed of a metal ring with an equal section,an axially...     

弯曲振动薄圆盘的共振频率和等效电路参数研究

机电等效电路是分析复合换能器常用的一种解析方法, 但对薄圆盘而言, 由于弯曲振动的复杂性, 其等效集中参数很难获得, 该方法很少被应用. 本文从分布参数系统与集中参数系统等效角度, 根据动能相等原则和势能相等原则, 给出了弯曲振动薄圆盘的集中参数: 等效质量和等效弹性系数, 得到了共振频率方程, 并用ATILA软件模拟了其振动分布情况, 可以看出解析结果与数值结果趋于一致. 最后给出了分析复合振动系统时薄圆盘集中参数模型的等效电路. 本文的结果对弯曲振动复合换能器的设计提供了理论参考.     

压电陶瓷薄圆环振子径向振动的机电等效电路及其分析

本文对轴向极化压电陶瓷薄圆环的径向振动进行了研究，推出了其机电等效电路，得出了振子的共振和反共振频率方程并进行了实验验证。探讨了振子的共振和反共振频率与其材料和几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。     

幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路

基于机电类比原理和变厚度薄圆环的平面应力方程,推导了幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路、共振频率方程和位移放大系数。讨论了第一、二阶径向共振频率及相应的位移放大系数随圆环半径比的变化关系。结果表明,幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路是一种非互易二端口等效网络;一阶和二阶共振频率随圆环内外半径比的增大而增大;一阶径向共振模式下位移放大系数随圆环半径比的增大先降低后升高,二阶径向共振模式下位移放大系数随圆环半径比的增大而降低,但二阶时的位移放大系数整体大于一阶,因此二阶径向共振模式具有更好的径向振动性能。用COMSOL有限元软件对解析理论分析结果进行了验证,仿真模拟结果与解析理论符合良好。根据幂函数型环形聚能器的等效电路模型,进一步设计了一种压电环形换能器,计算了第一、二阶径向共振频率、反共振频率及有效机电耦合系数,通过与COMSOL有限元软件模拟结果对比,符合良好。本文研究结果为幂函数型环形聚能器及压电环形换能器的工程应用提供了简明设计理论,文中研究结论可作为一种径向超声切割刀在超声工程中获得重要应用。     

Chaotic memristive circuit: equivalent circuit realization and dynamical analysis

In this paper, a practical equivalent circuit of an active flux-controlled memristor characterized by smooth piecewise-quadratic nonlinearity is designed and an experimental chaotic memristive circuit is implemented. The chaotic memristive circuit has an equilibrium set and its stability is dependent on the initial state of the memristor. The initial state-dependent and the circuit parameter-dependent dynamics of the chaotic memristive circuit are investigated via phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents. Both experimental and simulation results validate the proposed equivalent circuit realization of the active flux-controlled memristor.     

General equivalent circuit of batteries and fuel cells

A general electrical circuit is described whose properties are analogous to those of fuel cells and batteries. It is shown how this equivalent circuit model can show the influence of changes in material parameters upon the output of such physical systems. As an example, the significance of the transference numbers of minority electronic and ionic charge carriers in the electrolyte on the output voltage of fuel cells and batteries is readily seen. Paper presented at the 6th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy, Sept. 12–19, 1999.     

一种直角转弯圆波导模式转换器设计

设计了一种尺寸紧凑并具有高功率容量的圆波导TE₁₁-TM₀₁模式转换器,结构呈直角转弯形状。该转换器利用传输TE₁₁模式的圆波导与其E面分支耦合进行模式转换,并在TM₀₁输出端口的反向传输短路面加入调配螺钉来拓宽频带。设计结果表明,转换器在工作频率12.7 GHz处的转换效率为99.6%,大于90%的带宽约20%,填充SF₆绝缘气体工作时可获得12 MW的功率容量。     

激光热弹超声的等效电路

本文以热弹理论为基础,提出了一种描述激光热弹超声的等效电路模型,该模型将激光直接照射区同周围的声传播媒质分开考虑,采用三端口网络描述了热一弹能量的直接转换,传播声场的影响则以辐射阻抗的形式出现。由于电路是由单频情况导出,故任意时间响应可通过IFFT算法得到。本文针对三种典型照射区,既圆板、柱和球、建立了绝抽条件下的热弹等效电路,计算了各自的时间响应,结果与格林函数解相符。     

Some properties of horn equation model of ultrasonic system vibration and of transfer matrix and equivalent circuit methods of its solution

Traditional technique of horn equation solved by transfer matrices as a model of vibration of ultrasonic systems consisting of sectional transducer, horn and load is discussed. Expression of vibration modes as a ratio of solutions of two Schrödinger equations gives better insight to the structure of a transfer matrix and properties of amplitudes of displacement and strain, and enables more systematic search for analytic solutions. Incorrectness of impedance matrix method and of equivalent circuit method on one hand and correctness and advantages of transfer matrix method in avoiding numerical artifacts and revealing the real features of the model on the other hand are demonstrated on examples. Discontinuous dependence of the nth resonant value on parameters of ultrasonic system, recently described in Sturm–Liouville theory, and consequently, a jump from half-wave to full-wave mode, is observed in a transducer model.     

The noise equivalent circuit model of quantum-dot lasers

We derive the noise equivalent circuit model of semiconductor self-assembled quantum-dot (QD) lasers (SAQDL) from the rate equations including Langevin noise sources. This equivalent circuit allows a straightforward calculation of the noise of an SAQDL combined with electronic components. Using the presented model, we study how the carrier dynamics influences relative intensity noise (RIN) of QD lasers. We demonstrate that RIN is degraded with larger inhomogeneous broadening. Furthermore, we show that RIN is enhanced for lower quantum-dot coverage level.     

An equivalent circuit model of a novel photodetector

An equivalent circuit model of a novel photodetector (PD) is proposed in this article. We use this model to describe the relation between the bias voltage and current (I–V), also the bias voltage and capacitance(C–V) of this kind of novel PD. The circuit model could optimize the structure of the circuit and could be linked with the readout circuit. According to the comparison between the simulation result and the experimental result by circuit testing, we could find they are in good agreement, which proving the correctness of the equivalent circuit model. The signification of this equivalent circuit model is to design an optimal readout circuit (ROIC) for the novel PD.     

The equivalent circuit of a powder electroluminescent capacitor

An electrical equivalent circuit is proposed and analyzed for capacitors filled with powdered ZnS electroluminescent phosphor in the insulator. The basic laws of the behavior of the dielectric characteristics of the specimen in the dark and when illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light are explained: the existence and properties of a dark frequency maximum of tg and the corresponding dispersion of capacitance C as well as the appearance of certain new maxima tg with UV illumination and their properties. The dark maximum of tg is ascribed to the conductivity of the second phase and the light ones to the photoconductivity of the nonuniform grains. The case of possible negative changes in tg and when the specimen is illuminated by UV light is also considered.A study was made in [1] of the dielectric properties of ZnS phosphor uniformly distributed in a teflon film. Measurements were carried out in weak fields when the processes associated with electroluminescence do not appear. As distinct from photophosphors, a frequency maximum of tg was found in the majority of specimens of ZnS in the dark, with a dispersion of capacitance in its region. The frequency of these photo-maxima () increased with increase in the intensity of UV illumination, and decreased with the lapse of time after cutting off the excitation. Infrared illumination shifts the light maxima to the left along the frequency axis and does not affect the dark maximum of tg at all. It is shown in [1] that this dark maximum is governed by the conductivity of the second phase, and the light maxima by the nonuniform photoconductivity in the natural grains of the phosphor. In certain specimens the conductivity of the second phase increases with temperature and in others it is unchanged. Based on [2], it was concluded that this is connected with differing content of extra-stoichiometric granules.In conclusion the author wishes to express her appreciation of F. I. Vergunas' guidance in the work.     

介观压电石英晶体等效电路的量子化

借鉴阻尼谐振子作量子力学处理的研究思想,将介观压电石英晶体等效电路量子化,在此基础上研究了真空态和压缩真空态下,各支路电流和电压的量子涨落. 关键词： 介观压电石英晶体 等效电路 阻尼谐振子 量子涨落     

Electric equivalent circuit of the circular piezoelectric resonator

The equivalent circuit for radial vibrations of circular ceramic resonator is solved by means of fictitious powers affecting the electrode boundaries and by series expansion. The influence of damping and internal friction is neglected. Theoretical relations were verified by measurements on resonators made from piezoelectric ceramics based on solid solutions of PbTiO₃-PbZrO₃.Devoted to Professor V. Petrílka on his sixty-fifth birthday.