钙钛矿型高温质子导体研究进展

介绍了钙钛矿型和复合钙钛矿型化合物的结构、常用的制备方法和传导性质,详细分析了其传导机理,评述了其研究进展和在气体传感器、固体燃料电池、有机物加氢和脱氢以及常压电化学合成氨等方面的应用,展望了应用前景和发展趋向.     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物材料

从钙钛矿复合氧化物独特的电子结构及晶体结构出发，分析归纳了其作为功能材料的理论规律，综述了它在导体透氧膜、气敏传感器、固体燃料电池、磁制冷和氧化还原催化剂等领域的研究新成果和应用进展，提出进一步研究的策略方案。     

基于有机混合离子-电子导体材料的有机电化学晶体管

作为有机生物电子学领域的重要功能器件,有机电化学晶体管因其高跨导、低工作电压和良好的生物相容性等优势,在神经形态计算、生物传感、逻辑电路等领域中展现出潜在的应用前景.近年来,得益于有机混合离子-电子导体材料的设计和开发,有机电化学晶体管的器件性能取得了快速提升,并成功推动了器件的多元化应用.本文结合有机电化学晶体管的工作原理和器件评价参数,梳理了有机混合离子-电子导体材料在侧链工程和骨架工程等方面的设计策略和发展现状,重点介绍了p/n型分子设计、器件性能和应用的研究进展,最后总结了高效稳定可商业化有机混合离子-电子材料开发和应用的挑战与机遇.     

钙钛矿型复合氟化物中钐离子的格位取代及价态

以掺钐氟化镁钾为例,通过实验确证了钐离子在基质中的取代格位。利用荧光光谱研究了钐离子在基质中的价态与取代格位的关系,发现不同阳离子格位上的钐离子具有不同价态。讨论了基质中钐离子的价态与占据格位之间的内在联系。     

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的合成及其能源转化储存应用研究进展

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物价格低廉、结构可控、性质多样,在催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文从钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的结构类型、合成方法及电化学催化反应出发,总结了传统高温合成方法、火焰喷雾法、静电纺丝法和脉冲激光沉积法等几种最常用的合成方法,以及提升其氧析出反应(OER),氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR)催化能力的典型有效方法,概述了近年来钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在电解水、金属空气电池和固体氧化物燃料电池等能源转化储存装置的主要研究进展,进而对钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在能源转化储存领域的应用进行了展望。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物在甲烷部分氧化反应中催化性能的研究

自 1 990年以来 ,由甲烷部分氧化制合成气 ( POM)的反应作为对传统甲烷水蒸气重整反应的一个重大改进而受到高度重视 [1] .目前 ,在 POM反应中 ,研究较多的催化剂体系大致可分为贵金属 ( Pt,Pd,Rh,Ru及 Ir) [2 ,3] 以及以 Ni和 Co为主的 B族过渡金属催化剂[4～ 6 ] .最近 ,Hayakawa等 [7,8] 报道了具有钙钛矿结构的复合氧化物 Ca1- x Srx Ti1- y My O3-δ( M=Cr,Fe,Co或 Ni)在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中具有一定的催化活性 .本文以本组开发的钙钛矿型复合氧化物 Ba0 .5Sr0 .5Co0 .8Fe0 .2 O3-δ(简称BSCFO)和 Ba0 .5Sr0 .5…     

ABO3钙钛矿型复合氧化物光催化活性与B离子d电子结构的关系

在ABO₃钙钛矿型复合氧化物中,B离子的d电子结构对B_3d-O_2p之间的电荷转移能ΔCT及B-O之间的结合能起着关键作用,是影响ABO₃复合氧化物光催化活性的一个重要因素.本文以研磨法和柠檬酸法合成了系列LaBO₃(B=Ti-Co),并结合光催化降解实验和光声光谱图分析得出:LaBO₃光催化活性随B离子3d电子数的递增而逐渐增加.     

微盘电极应用在乙二醇离子导体中的伏安分析

在聚乙二醇离子导体中,研究了二茂铁在其中的伏安性质,结果表明如果电活性物质与聚合物溶剂不发生相互反应,那么电活性物质在聚合物溶剂中的扩散仍然遵循Fick扩散方程,其伏安结果可以定量描述.提出了在聚合物离子导体中不需要知道电活性物质的摩尔浓度就可估算扩散系数的伏安方法,探索了在聚合物离子导体中电活性物质的扩散规律.     

模板法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂的研究进展

钙钛矿型复合氧化物由于其组成和结构的特殊性以及优秀的热稳定性、氧化还原性能、氧迁移率和电子离子导电性,近年来在催化剂领域引起人们的广泛关注.将纳米多孔设计策略应用于钙钛矿型氧化物,可以在各种应用中带来新的和优异的性能.制备多孔金属氧化物材料主要采用模板法,本文综述了钙钛矿型复合氧化物的结构特征以及使用硬模板法、软模板法...     

LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂上VOCs催化燃烧的研究

研究了LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而LaMnO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好,氧化还原滴定实验表明,LaMnO3催化剂中锰以Mn4 (大约35%)和Mn3 价态存在,而在LaCoO3催化剂中发现钴均以Co3 价态存在;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,3种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇＞甲苯＞环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要约低40℃.     

Stabilizing Perovskite Structure by Interdiffusional Tailoring and Its Application in Composite Mixed Oxygen-Ionic and Electronic Conductors

Perovskite oxides have been under intense investigation as promising candidates for devices in the field of energy conversion and storage. Unfortunately, these perovskites are probably subjected to a frequent performance loss caused by phase transition. A phase-stabilization approach via interdiffusional tailoring is identified in perovskite-based composites. As an example, a phase-stabilized perovskite-fluorite composite material with both components possessing cubic symmetry was obtained by an appropriate one-pot strategy. These findings render possible to develop a high-performance and extremely stable dual-phase oxygen-transporting membrane for intermediate-temperature air separation as well as syngas production, which also opens up numerous opportunities to overcome the phase-transition-induced performance degradation in other systems.     

纳米晶粒钙钛矿型La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3催化剂的制备及其对VOCs催化燃烧的研究

以共沉淀法制备出了纳米晶粒钙钛矿型LaCoO3和La0.8Sr0.2CoO3催化剂,并考察了其对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,实验结果表明该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而La0.8Sr0.2CoO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,三种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇>甲苯>环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要低约40℃,同时催化剂100h稳定性试验和表征结果表明,La1-xSrxCoO3(x=0、0.2)钙钛矿型催化剂有着很好的结构稳定性.     

Structural Analysis and Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Ionic Conductor Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

Organic-inorganic hybrid lithium ion conductors were prepared by the sol-gel process. The hybrid ion conductor will be used as the electrolyte for Li based high-energy density batteries. The hybrid ion conductor was prepared from a mixture of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG₂₀₀), lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and water. A wet gel was prepared at room temperature. The gels dried at 80°C under vacuum did not contain water. The dried hybrid ion conductor gel had homogeneity and high transparency. Ionic conductivity of the hybrid sample was measured by the complex impedance method and it increased with increasing PEG₂₀₀ content. The dried hybrid gel that contained no LiClO₄ did not show ion conduction. Conductivity on the order of 10^–5 S·cm^–1 at room temperature was obtained. Structural characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and NMR measurement of ¹³C and ¹H, and the thermal stability and glass transition properties were studied by DSC. Glass transition temperature decreased with increasing PEG₂₀₀ content and increased with increasing [Li]/[O] ratio (the oxygen considered is from the polyethylene glycol). Existence of the Si–O–(C₂H₄O) _n –bond and the C–OH bond in the framework of the organic and inorganic phases was confirmed. TMOS and PEG₂₀₀ were hydrolyzed and condensed. The organic and inorganic phases were chemically bonded and the microstructure of the hybrid matrix was shaped as comb. The comb shape leads to high ionic conduction.     

钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs催化燃烧的抗毒性和稳定性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了钙钛矿型La0.8Cu0.2MnO3和La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,考察了两种催化剂对含硫、含氯VOCs气体催化燃烧的抗毒性和稳定性.结果发现,两种催化剂具有良好的抗氯性,但在SO2存在下会出现中毒失活现象,相比较而言,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3比La0.8Cu0.2MnO3具有更好的抗硫性和结构稳定性;采用XRD和XPS分析方法研究催化剂硫中毒机理,发现其失活原因在于催化剂表面生成CuSO4和SrSO4,形成屏蔽效应导致催化剂失活.     

环境催化中的陶瓷材料:应用与可能性(英文)

Environmental catalysis has been steadily growing because of the advances in its scientific and engineering aspects,as well as due to the new environmental challenges in the industrial era.The development of new catalysts and materials is essential for new technologies for various environmental applications.Ceramics play important roles in various environmental applications including the identification,monitoring,and quantification of pollutants and their control.Ceramics have important applications as sensors and photocatalysts,and they are extensively used as catalyst carriers and supports.Many ceramics are being explored as catalysts for pollution control applications.Their low cost,thermal and chemical stability,and capability of being tailored make them especially attractive for pollution control applications.Although a wide variety of materials have been developed as catalyst supports,this area is still of interest with new or modified catalyst supports being frequently reported.It is of equal importance to develop new or modified processes for the loading of catalysts on specific supports.Applications like chemical looping combustion(CLC) and other catalytic combustion processes are raising the demands to a new scale.We have been working on the development of both new and modified support materials,including mesoporous materials without structural order for possible applications in CLC and other catalytic reactions.Successful attempts have been made in the modification of conventional γ-Al2O3 and improved synthesis processes for supporting perovskite type catalysts.Our research on environmental catalysis applications of ceramic materials and processes are also briefly discussed.     

Stabilizing Perovskite Structure by Interdiffusional Tailoring and Its Application in Composite Mixed Oxygen‐Ionic and Electronic Conductors

Perovskite oxides have been under intense investigation as promising candidates for devices in the field of energy conversion and storage. Unfortunately, these perovskites are probably subjected to a frequent performance loss caused by phase transition. A phase‐stabilization approach via interdiffusional tailoring is identified in perovskite‐based composites. As an example, a phase‐stabilized perovskite‐fluorite composite material with both components possessing cubic symmetry was obtained by an appropriate one‐pot strategy. These findings render possible to develop a high‐performance and extremely stable dual‐phase oxygen‐transporting membrane for intermediate‐temperature air separation as well as syngas production, which also opens up numerous opportunities to overcome the phase‐transition‐induced performance degradation in other systems.     

ET类分子导体3d轨道对晶体能带及导电性的影响

采用扩展休克尔 -紧束缚方法 (EHTB)研究了ET类分子导体 [ET =bis (ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene]的能带 .讨论了硫原子 3d轨道对能带结构的影响 ,添加 3d轨道导致ET分子柱间的横向作用大为增强 ,并与纵向作用处于同一数量级 ,这一结论解释了晶体二维导电性的实验结果 .计算得到 (ET) 2 C3 H5SO3 ·H2 O ,(ET) 2 HgCl3 ·TCE两个晶体的带隙分别为0 5 79,0 .5 72eV ,与实验得到的导电激活能 0 .3 19,0 .3 0 8eV符合较好 .     

惰性载体对CaSO4载氧体化学链燃烧性能的影响

为提高化学链燃烧中CaSO₄载氧体的机械强度和反应活性,采用机械混合法制备了负载甘油、硅溶胶以及拟薄水铝石惰性载体的CaSO₄载氧体,并对其机械强度、反应特性等进行了实验研究。结果表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可显著提高CaSO₄载氧体的机械强度,而拟薄水铝石作用较小。热重还原实验表明,甘油和硅溶胶的加入可加快载氧体与甲烷的反应速率,缩短反应时间。XRD分析表明,惰性载体的加入不会影响CaSO₄向CaS转化,CaSO₄接近完全转化。