Aerodynamic characteristics of passenger and transport aircraft models at harmonic oscillations on the pitch angle for high angles of attack

A systematic analysis has been performed for many-years experimental data obtained in the wind tunnel T-203 (SibNIA) for testing the models of passenger and transport aircraft for the case of harmonic oscillation at the pitch angle for low subsonic velocities. The key features of behavior of aerodynamic derivatives coefficients and dependencies of current values of normal force coefficient and longitudinal moment coefficient on the angle of attack have been demonstrated for the stalling modes of streamlining. It was demonstrated that at near-critical angles of attack, we have a strong dependency of aerodynamic derivatives of pitch moment on the normalized oscillation frequency for the range of natural values; this makes the traditional mathematical model of aerodynamic loads (uses the aerodynamic derivatives at fixed frequencies of oscillation) unfit for the considered scope of experimental tasks.     

面对称高速飞行器横侧向耦合失控特性

针对面对称高速飞行器滚转-偏航通道间存在的运动耦合、典型气动耦合和控制耦合,建立了耦合动力学模型,推导了耦合模态的数学描述;提出了基于滚转偏航/稳定比和副翼滚转/偏航操纵比的耦合模态分析方法,分析了副翼操纵对偏航通道的耦合影响程度;针对控制耦合引起的非最小相位特性,提出了基于偏航稳定力矩导数、副翼-偏航耦合力矩导数以及方向舵产生偏航力矩导数的控制耦合偏离边界条件,根据偏航稳定力矩导数、副翼-偏航耦合力矩导数的相对位置关系,确定控制耦合偏离区域,并分析了副翼控制滚转时的耦合失控特性.最后对失控特性进行了仿真验证,结果表明了耦合特性分析方法的有效性.      

高升阻比模型天平校准安装角误差控制要求

文章针对高升阻比类模型气动力测量的要求,对天平校准安装角误差影响进行了初步分析,天平的单元校准中,主要有两个安装角对天平校准结果产生影响,这两个安装角分别为攻角和滚转角,研究结果表明:天平的不同分量和不同校准系数对安装角误差的要求是不尽相同的,力分量以及滚转力矩校准,安装角误差可以允许在度水平上;俯仰力矩和偏航力矩校准...     

Influence of small angles of attack and sweep on the rolling moment at a hypersonic flow around the bodies of revolution

The influence of small attack and sweep angles on the rolling moment variation at a supersonic flow around the bodies close to the bodies of revolution is considered. Based on the method of the differential hypothesis of locality the integral expressions are obtained for the derivatives of the rolling moment coefficient with respect to the attack and sweep angles. The norm of these derivatives is defined and the estimates for the norm are obtained.     

基于灭点理论的飞机着陆段姿态角测量

为了更好地解决目前飞行试验中飞机着陆时姿态角参数精确测量问题,基于灭点理论,根据飞机降落过程中机载摄像机所获取到的跑道面影像,提出利用跑道平行线解算飞机姿态角参数的新方法。论述了灭点与摄像机外方位角元素的函数关系,建立了基于灭点几何与直线几何约束条件进行姿态角参数解算的数学模型。试验结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够获得精确可靠的飞机着陆过程中姿态角数据。     

Altitude and airspeed effects on the optimum synchrophase angles for a four-engine propeller aircraft

Noise and vibration is a serious problem in all types of aircraft. Any techniques that lower cabin noise and vibration levels by even a few decibels with little or no weight or performance penalties are worth pursuing. Propeller synchrophasing is one such technique that has shown potential in aircraft with two or more propellers; however this technique is not being used to its full potential because the synchrophase angles are typically fixed. This paper provides a detailed examination of how the optimum synchrophase angles in a typical four-engine propeller aircraft vary with different altitudes and airspeeds, and how this information could lead to the design of new adaptive propeller synchrophasing systems and potentially yield improvements to other active noise control measures in propeller aircraft.     

基于Kriging代理模型的飞行器结构刚度气动优化设计

大飞机具有轻质大柔性特点,使得气动/结构耦合作用增强,在设计过程中需要考虑这种耦合效应,直接调用CSD/CFD方法计算周期长,无法满足工程需要.代理模型方法由于能显著提高工程优化设计的效率,已广泛应用于飞行器气动外形优化设计中.采用Kriging方法建立代理模型,通过求解EI函数最大值得到需添加的样本点以更新代理模型,提高代理模型的拟合精度,结合改进的粒子群最优化方法对大飞机的结构刚度进行了优化设计.结果表明,该优化方法能够处理复杂目标的全局优化问题,在保证升力系数及纵向稳定性能不恶化的前提下,降低飞机巡航状态的飞行阻力.      

Effect of helix angles on polaron motion in poly-DNA

We investigate the effect of helix angles on polaron motion in poly-DNA in the framework of a tight binding model. A DNA molecule is supposed to have a uniform or a random distribution of the helix angles. It is found that a polaron moves faster along a DNA molecule with an overwinding helix than that with an unwinding one. In DNA molecule with randomly distributed helix angles, charge transport is suggested to be field-facilitated tunneling between spatial disordered potential wells.     

CFD在高速飞行器热气弹问题中的应用

采用气动力/热/结构耦合的方法对高速细长体飞行器结构热静气动弹性问题进行了研究.为保证耦合计算精度，达到准确预测热气动弹性特性的能力，气动力和气动热计算采用CFD数值模拟方法，热应力和热变形计算采用有限元方法并通过热考核试验验证.以该简单细长体飞行器模型为研究对象，对其热静气动弹性特性进行了计算与分析，计算结果表明:CFD/CSD耦合可准确模拟热气弹问题，且气动加热造成结构温升不均衡是结构变形的主导因素，力热耦合静气弹变形与单纯受力分析变形形式不同，对飞行器气动特性影响规律不同.准确预测飞行器热气动弹性特性对飞行器结构设计十分必要.      

高超声速脉冲风洞模型自由飞试验技术

风洞模型自由飞试验利用高速相机记录自由飞行模型的运动历程, 再根据模型运动特征参数反演模型的气动特性.由于没有支撑系统的干扰, 该试验能够较真实地模拟飞行状态, 在飞行器静/动稳定特性研究中具有独特的优势.文章在JF-8A高超声速脉冲风洞中开展了10°尖锥模型自由飞试验, 并以圆球模型的自由飞运动测量风洞动压, 对模型运动特征参数的数字图像提取技术及气动参数的辨识方法等关键技术进行了研究.      

Comments on the derivation of the mixing angles

It is pointed out that Fritzsch's derivation of the mixing angles for a six-quark theory based on a SU(2)_L × SU(2)_R × U(1) model is in error. The correct formula for the mixing angles differs significantly from Fritzsch's results.     

飞行器大攻角非定常气动特性神经网络建模

大攻角气动特性预测与气动建模是新型飞行器提升飞行性能的重要内容.以轴对称导弹简化模型为研究对象，首先采用计算流体力学方法，对70°大攻角状态的非定常气动特性进行数值模拟，计算方法基于RANS的N-S方程，湍流模型采用SA模型，对流场采用有限体积法离散，无黏项采用Roe通量差分分裂格式，黏性项采用中心差分，时间推进采用LU-SGS格式的双时间步法.飞行器运动模式采用强迫振荡的方式，对5种不同振荡频率进行了非定常数值计算，并记录每一内迭代周期最终的气动力和力矩数值.其次，以CFD预测结果作为气动建模的样本，采用动导数模型、多项式模型等传统方法，进行气动建模，并分析其有效性和精度.最后采用神经网络方法对大攻角非定常气动力进行建模，并和动导数模型、多项式模型进行精度对比.结果表明，基于神经网络的人工智能气动建模方法具有较高的精度和适应性.该方法为飞行器大攻角非定常非线性气动建模，大攻角飞行稳定性分析与控制提供理论参考.      

折叠翼面展开过程中气动载荷特性数值模拟

针对某飞行器翼面高速展开过程,采用定常和非定常数值模拟两种不同方法,进行折叠翼面展开过程气动载荷分析研究,其中定常方法主要研究翼面从折叠到展开过程中不同展开角下外翼面的气动特性,分析展开角、来流参数对外翼面气动力的影响;非定常方法主要模拟折叠翼面展开角速度变化,从而获得典型工况下翼面展开过程的载荷情况,分析非定常效应对气动载荷的影响.研究发现,当翼面展开速度与来流速度相近时,则非定常效应不可忽略而必须采用非定常模拟方法.      

Estimation of energetic efficiency of heat supply in front of the aircraft at supersonic accelerated flight. Part 1. Mathematical models

Fuel economy at boost trajectory of the aerospace plane was estimated during energy supply to the free stream. Initial and final flight velocities were specified. The model of a gliding flight above cold air in an infinite isobaric thermal wake was used. The fuel consumption rates were compared at optimal trajectory. The calculations were carried out using a combined power plant consisting of ramjet and liquid-propellant engine. An exergy model was built in the first part of the paper to estimate the ramjet thrust and specific impulse. A quadratic dependence on aerodynamic lift was used to estimate the aerodynamic drag of aircraft. The energy for flow heating was obtained at the expense of an equivalent reduction of the exergy of combustion products. The dependencies were obtained for increasing the range coefficient of cruise flight for different Mach numbers. The second part of the paper presents a mathematical model for the boost interval of the aircraft flight trajectory and the computational results for the reduction of fuel consumption at the boost trajectory for a given value of the energy supplied in front of the aircraft.     

钝锥再入飞行器黏性干扰效应建模

针对典型的钝锥外形, 采用统一气体动理学格式(UGKS)模拟了高度70~110 km下不同Mach数和攻角的流场, 进行了流场特性的分析, 并基于黏性干扰的理论成果, 将气动力特性与第3黏性干扰参数、攻角和Mach数等参数进行关联, 建立了气动力系数的黏性干扰模型, 给出了模型预测结果的相关性分析和准确性评估。经初步测试, 该模型预测结果与UGKS直接模拟结果具有良好的一致性, 对工程应用快速获取高空气动特性具有重要意义。      

翠绿亚胺聚合物高压下芳环扭角和能隙的缩减

利用改进的Ginder-Epstein模型计算了翠绿亚胺聚合物在参数V4,0取值于1.8～35.8 eV的自洽变分基态,并通过芳环扭角的变化来估算聚合物压强,给出了V4,0,芳环扭角及能隙与理论压强之间的最小二乘拟合.结果表明随此参数的增大,芳环扭角和能隙都缩减而理论压强升高.当理论压强由零压增至3.0 GPa左右时,能隙先快后慢从2.0 eV减小至最小值0.87 eV.这理论与该聚合物的高压电导测试结果一致.     

翠绿亚胺聚合物高压下芳环扭角和能隙的缩减

利用改进的Ginder-Epstein模型计算了翠绿亚胺聚合物在参数V4,0取值于1.8—35.8 eV的自洽变分基态，并通过芳环扭角的变化来估算聚合物压强，给出了V4,0，芳环扭角及能隙与理论压强之间的最小二乘拟合。结果表明随此参数的增大，芳环扭角和能隙都缩减而理论压强升高。当理论压强由零压增至3.0 GPa左右时，能隙先快后慢从2.0eV减小至最小值0.87eV。这理论与该聚合物的高压电导测试结果一致。     

Aerodynamic derivatives of the model of the jettisonable module of the emergency rescue system at hypersonic velocities

The model, experimental equipment, and test program are briefly described. A method of determining the aerodynamic characteristics of the model on the facility with free oscillations is presented. Aerodynamic derivatives of the pitching moment of the model are obtained for two positions of the axis of rotation and Mach numbers M_∞ = 2, 4, and 6. At M_∞ = 2, the model with the rear position of the axis of rotation is not balanced at low angles of attack, whereas irregular self-sustained oscillations of the model with the frontal position of the axis of rotation arise.     

旋转飞行器动稳定导数获取原理

旋转飞行器具有独特的周期性非定常气动现象，其动态特性更加复杂，气流与旋转高度非定常关联，俯仰阻尼导数和Magnus力矩导数同等重要.文章从飞行器气动力建模的理论基础出发，考虑飞行器自转角速度非零的事实，将其作为基态影响参数，重新构建了旋转飞行器气动力数学表达式，并借鉴成熟的常规动导数强迫振动法，采用Fourier级数表征旋转影响，沿用旋转飞行器周期气动等效概念，建立了基于基态旋转流场的周期气动等效平均俯仰动稳定导数、纵向洗流时差导数和滚转动稳定导数获取的原理表达式，并设计了相应的运动模式，可供数值计算和风洞实验使用.      

A real-time infrared radiation imaging simulation method of aircraft skin with aerodynamic heating effect

Real-time infrared radiation simulation technology can provide effective support for rapid design and evaluation of a system which integrates infrared imaging technology. Considering the aerodynamic heating effect, this paper presents a real-time infrared radiation characteristic simulation method of aircraft skin based on the panel element method, which can help to assess the infrared radiation impacts of different environment factors and materials. A 3-D model of an aircraft was established and its surface was divided into different parts and panel element meshes to attach material properties. For each mesh, its heat exchange equation is solved so as to obtain the whole skin’s temperature and infrared radiation distribution. The simulation results reveal the influence of different factors on the skin surface radiation, including environmental radiation, aerodynamic heating and material properties. And the credibility and efficiency of the proposed aerodynamic heating simulation method were confirmed by comparing to the CFD simulation results.