铯Rydberg原子Stark态的避免交叉

在磁光阱中利用双光子激发制备49S铯Rydberg原子,研究了超冷49S态原子在外加电场中的Stark效应和nS态原子与(n-4)多重态之间的避免交叉现象.利用态选择脉冲场电离方法测量并获得了避免交叉点附近的离子谱,测量了避免交叉点附近离子谱的变化情况,并观察到避免交叉点附近由相互作用导致的态转移现象.     

70S超冷Cs Rydberg原子的动力学演化

利用双光子激发超冷原子获得70S超冷Cs Rydberg原子, 采用脉冲场电离法使Rydberg原子电离, 并用微通道板测量Rydberg原子的信号. 改变激发光和电离电场脉冲的延迟时间和激发光脉冲的宽度, 研究70S超冷Cs Rydberg原子之间的相互作用和动力学演化过程. 利用黑体辐射导致的态转移和相互作用碰撞电离解释了实验结果,实验结果和理论相一致.     

超冷铯Rydberg原子寿命的测量

本文从实验上采用两步激发超冷基态原子获得超冷Rydberg原子,通过选择场电离的方法获得超冷Rydberg原子的离子信号.改变延迟时间测得Rydberg原子布居数随时间的变化关系,用两种方法拟合实验数据得到36D和34S态原子的有效寿命,与现有理论结果一致. 关键词： Rydberg原子 寿命 黑体辐射 场电离     

Cs 39D态Rydberg原子Stark光谱的实验研究

本文从理论和实验上对Cs39D态Rydberg原子在弱电场作用下的Stark效应做了详细研究. 理论上利用数值方法计算了Cs原子39D态的Stark结构;实验上,采用两步激发超冷基态原子获得超冷Rydberg原子,通过场电离的方法获得了39D态的Stark光谱,测量获得α^5/2₂,α^5/2₀,α^3/2₂和α^3/2₀相应的极化率分别为：62(7),－146(13), 73(6) 和－106(20) MHz·V^-2cm²,实验结果与理论相符合. 关键词： Rydberg原子 Stark结构 场电离 极化率     

超冷铯(60D5/2)2 Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱

本文主要从理论和实验上研究超冷铯（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱.数值计算了铯60D_5/2 Rydberg原子对态的长程电多极相互作用和（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的绝热势能曲线,获得了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的势阱深度和平衡间距.实验上利用双色光缔合超冷铯原子的方法制备了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.其中,第一色激光（pulse-A）双光子共振激发种子Rydberg原子A;第二色激光（pulse-B,失谐于分子的束缚能）共振激发第二个Rydberg原子B,原子A与B由分子势阱束缚形成超冷（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.由脉冲场电离探测技术获得Rydberg分子的光缔合光谱,测量的Rydberg分子的势阱深度与理论计算结果相一致.     

弱射频场中Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明

在铯原子室温蒸气池中研究了弱射频场中Rydberg原子阶梯型三能级系统的电磁感应透明(EIT)效应.铯原子基态6S_(1/2)、第一激发态6P_(3/2)和Rydberg 48D_(5/2)态形成阶梯型三能级系统,探测光共振作用于6S_(1/2)(F=4)→6P_(3/2)(F′=5)的跃迁,耦合光在Rydberg跃迁线6P_(3/2)(F′=5)→48D_(5/2)附近扫描,形成Rydberg原子EIT.当对铯原子施加一个80 MHz的弱射频电场时,48D_(5/2)Rydberg原子的EIT光谱发生Stark频移和分裂,同时产生由射频场调制Rydberg能级的偶数级边带,测量结果与Floquet理论模拟的结果相符合.同时,改变弱射频电场的频率研究了铯Rydberg能级的自电离效应对Rydberg原子Stark谱的影响,据此,我们提出将电极板置于铯原子蒸气池内的方案以减少自电离效应的影响.在弱射频Stark谱中,mj=5/2的Stark谱与mj=1/2,3/2的二级边带形成多个能级交叉,这些能级交叉点提供了一种基于原子的精确校准射频电场的新方法.     

铷原子磁光阱中超冷等离子体的形成和演化（英文）

在铷原子的磁光阱中,通过光电离冷原子方法和稠密里德堡原子的自发演化方法产生了超冷等离子体.磁光阱中冷却并囚禁了10^7个原子,温度约为500μK,之后用一束脉冲激光将冷原子电离或者激发至高里德堡态,通过调节脉冲激光的能量控制离子数量或者里德堡原子的数量.利用延迟斜坡电场或脉冲电场引出超冷等离子体中的电子,对超冷等离子体的形成和演化进行了研究,并利用库仑势阱模型对实验结果进行了解释.实验结果表明,由于来自长寿命里德堡原子的贡献,里德堡原子自发演化形成的超冷等离子体的寿命比光电离形成的超冷等离子体的寿命长.     

锂原子的光激发和电场电离

对处于25P Rydberg态的锂原子进行了电场电离的理论研究。采用三步共振激发技术,沿2S1/2—2P3/2—3D3/2—25P的激发路径,使锂原子在25P Rydberg态上布居,再施加脉冲电场使其电离。针对上述光激发+场电离过程所涉及的各个原子态的粒子布居,建立起速率方程组,再通过拉普拉斯变换方法推导出各个态的粒子布居率和电离效率的解析表达式,以便对各个阶段的物理机理和特性进行理论分析。通过用Matlab语言自编的计算软件,不但定量分析了不同激光参数对光激发过程的影响,还研究了脉冲电场的参数对原子电离率的影响。研究表明,在本激发路径下,难以显著提高对25P Rydberg态的光激发效率,因而限制了电场电离的总体效率。     

铷原子磁光阱中超冷等离子体的形成和演化

在铷原子的磁光阱中,通过光电离冷原子方法和稠密里德堡原子的自发演化方法产生了超冷等离子体。磁光阱中冷却并囚禁了10^7个原子,温度约为500μK,之后用一束脉冲激光将冷原子电离或者激发至高里德堡态,通过调节脉冲激光的能量控制离子数量或者里德堡原子的数量。利用延迟斜坡电场或脉冲电场引出超冷等离子体中的电子,对超冷等离子体的形成和演化进行了研究,并利用库仑势阱模型对实验结果进行了解释。实验结果表明,由于来自长寿命里德堡原子的贡献,里德堡原子自发演化形成的超冷等离子体的寿命比光电离形成的超冷等离子体的寿命长。     

镓原子的Stark能级结构

里德堡原子的Stark效应在偶极偶极相互作用、量子信息和量子调控等方面具有潜在的应用前景. 本文首先根据零场时镓原子的能级数据, 通过非线性拟合方法获得了镓原子各态的量子亏损, 仔细分析了量子亏损随主量子数的变化特征; 然后利用Numerov算法计算了镓原子的径向波函数; 最后采用矩阵对角化方法, 数值计算了镓原子高里德堡态在场强范围F=0-3000 V·cm^{- 1}时n=7和n=18附近的Stark能级结构. 结果显示在主量子数n=7多重态以上的能级结构中, (n+1)P态的能级接近并大于nD态的能级, 在n=7多重态以下的能级结构中, (n+1)P态的能级接近并小于nD态的能级. 这一现象不同于通常的碱金属原子的Stark结构, 论文对该现象及其他Stark能级结构特征进行了详细分析, 为相关研究工作提供了重要参考价值.     

Matter-wave interferometry with atoms in high Rydberg states

Matter-wave interferometry has been performed with helium atoms in high Rydberg states. In the experiments the atoms were prepared in coherent superpositions of Rydberg states with different electric dipole moments. Upon the application of an inhomogeneous electric field, the different forces on these internal state components resulted in the generation of coherent superpositions of momentum states. Using a sequence of microwave and electric field gradient pulses the internal Rydberg states were entangled with the momentum states associated with the external motion of these matter waves. Under these conditions matter-wave interference was observed by monitoring the populations of the Rydberg states as the magnitudes and durations of the pulsed electric field gradients were adjusted. The results of the experiments have been compared to, and are in excellent quantitative agreement with, matter-wave interference patterns calculated for the corresponding pulse sequences. For the Rydberg states used, the spatial extent of the Rydberg electron wavefunction was ～320?nm. Matter-wave interferometry with such giant atoms is of interest in the exploration of the boundary between quantum and classical mechanics. The results presented also open new possibilities for measurements of the acceleration of Rydberg positronium or antihydrogen atoms in the Earth's gravitational field.     

Spectroscopic observation of resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms

Resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions between cold Rydberg atoms were observed using microwave spectroscopy. Laser-cooled 85Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap were optically excited to 45d(5/2) Rydberg states using a pulsed laser. A microwave pulse transferred a fraction of these Rydberg atoms to the 46p(3/2) state. A second microwave pulse then drove atoms in the 45d(5/2) state to the 46d(5/2) state, and was used as a probe of interatomic interactions. The spectral width of this two-photon probe transition was found to depend on the presence of the 46p(3/2) atoms, and is due to the resonant electric dipole-dipole interaction between 45d(5/2) and 46p(3/2) Rydberg atoms.     

铯47D精细能级超冷里德堡原子自由演化的动力学研究

用连续窄线宽激光器将超冷铯里德堡原子分别激发到47D_3/2, 47D_5/2精细态, 观察了处于里德堡精细态的铯原子向超冷铯等离子体自由演化的过程, 详细对比了不同精细态的铯里德堡原子预电离时间、电离速率以及等离子体的转化效率. 将里德堡原子快速转化为等离子体的过程解释为局域势阱内由预电离产生的电子与里德堡原子的快速碰撞导致的雪崩电离.     

Electric field controlled, pulsed autoionization in two electron wave packets

In this paper, control of the evolution of a two electron wave packet through the application of a static electric field is demonstrated. Specifically, application of a small electric field is used to produce pulsed autoionization events, the timing of which can be controlled on a picosecond time scale. The technique is demonstrated by exciting calcium atoms using a short-pulsed laser to the 4p(3/2)19d doubly excited state, which is energy degenerate with the 4p(1/2)nk stark states. Evolution of the resultant wave packet is monitored through the application of a second short laser pulse, which stimulates the atoms to emit a photon producing singly excited Rydberg states which are detected using field ionization.     

Normal-incidence electrostatic Rydberg atom mirror

A Rydberg atom mirror has been designed and its operational principle tested experimentally. A supersonic expansion containing H atoms moving with a velocity of 720 m/s initially propagates toward a quadrupolar electrostatic mirror. The H atoms are then photoexcited to n=27 Rydberg states with a positive Stark shift and move in a rapidly increasing electric field. The H atom beam is stopped in 4.8 micros, only 1.9 mm away from the photoexcitation spot, and is then reflected back. The reflection process is monitored by pulsed field ionization and imaging.     

Investigation of cold rubidium Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap

This paper reports on the results of experiments with cold rubidium Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The specific feature of the experiments is the excitation of Rydberg atoms in a small volume within a cloud of cold atoms and the sorting of measured signals and spectra according to the number of detected Rydberg atoms. The effective lifetime of the 37P Rydberg state and its polarizability in a weak electric field are measured. The results obtained are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. It is demonstrated that the localization of the excitation volume in the vicinity of the zero-magnetic-field point makes it possible to improve the spectral resolution and to obtain narrow microwave resonances in Rydberg atoms without switching off the quadrupole magnetic field of the trap. The dependence of the amplitude of dipole-dipole interaction resonances in Rydberg atoms on the number of atoms is measured. This dependence exhibits a linear behavior and agrees with the theory for a weak dipole-dipole interaction.     

Rydberg原子nS1/2→(n+1)S1/2双光子激发EIT-AT光谱

主要研究了热原子蒸气池中铯Rydberg原子nS_1/2→(n+1)S_1/2微波耦合的双光子光谱.铯原子基态(6S_1/2)、第一激发态(6P_3/2)、Rydberg态(69S_1/2)形成阶梯型三能级系统,弱探测光作用于基态到激发态6S_1/2→6P_3/2的跃迁,强耦合光则作用于6P_3/2→69S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁形成电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测.频率fMW=11.735 GHz的微波场耦合69S_1/2→70S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁,形成微波双光子光谱.利用EIT-AT分裂光谱研究微波电场强度对双光子光谱的影响.研究表明:在强微波场作用时,EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成正比,而弱微波场时的EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成非线性依赖关系,理论计算与实验测量结果相一致.本文的研究对微波电场的精密测量具有一定的指导意义.     

Rydberg原子nS1/2→(n+1)S1/2双光子激发EIT-AT光谱

主要研究了热原子蒸气池中铯Rydberg原子nS_1/2→(n+1)S_1/2微波耦合的双光子光谱.铯原子基态(6S_1/2)、第一激发态(6P_3/2)、Rydberg态(69S_1/2)形成阶梯型三能级系统,弱探测光作用于基态到激发态6S_1/2→6P_3/2的跃迁,强耦合光则作用于6P_3/2→69S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁形成电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测.频率fMW=11.735 GHz的微波场耦合69S_1/2→70S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁,形成微波双光子光谱.利用EIT-AT分裂光谱研究微波电场强度对双光子光谱的影响.研究表明:在强微波场作用时,EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成正比,而弱微波场时的EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成非线性依赖关系,理论计算与实验测量结果相一致.本文的研究对微波电场的精密测量具有一定的指导意义.     

Demonstration of three-dimensional electrostatic trapping of state-selected Rydberg atoms

A three-dimensional trap for Rydberg atoms in selected Stark states has been realized experimentally. H atoms seeded in a supersonic expansion of Ar are excited to the low-field seeking n=30, k=25, |m|=0, 2 Rydberg-Stark states, decelerated from a mean initial velocity of 665 m/s to zero velocity in the laboratory frame and loaded into a three-dimensional electrostatic trap. The motion of the cold Rydberg atom cloud in the trap and the decay of the trapped atoms have been studied by pulsed electric field ionization and imaging techniques.