A Weyl-Cartan space-time model based on the gauge principle

Based on the requirement that the gauge invariance principle for the Poincaré-Weyl group be satisfied for the space-time manifold, we construct a model of space-time with the geometric structure of a Weyl-Cartan space. We show that three types of fields must then be introduced as the gauge (“compensating”) fields: Lorentz, translational, and dilatational. Tetrad coefficients then become functions of these gauge fields. We propose a geometric interpretation of the Dirac scalar field. We obtain general equations for the gauge fields, whose sources can be the energy-momentum tensor, the total momentum, and the total dilatation current of an external field. We consider the example of a direct coupling of the gauge field to the orbital momentum of the spinor field. We propose a gravitational field Lagrangian with gauge-invariant transformations of the Poincaré-Weyl group. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 157, No. 1, pp. 64–78, October, 2008.     

Towards an Operator-Algebraic Construction of Integrable Global Gauge Theories

The recent construction of integrable quantum field theories on two-dimensional Minkowski space by operator-algebraic methods is extended to models with a richer particle spectrum, including finitely many massive particle species transforming under a global gauge group. Starting from a two-particle S-matrix satisfying the usual requirements (unitarity, Yang–Baxter equation, Poincaré and gauge invariance, crossing symmetry, . . .), a pair of relatively wedge-local quantum fields is constructed which determines the field net of the model. Although the verification of the modular nuclearity condition as a criterion for the existence of local fields is not carried out in this paper, arguments are presented that suggest it holds in typical examples such as non-linear O(N)   σ-models. It is also shown that for all models complying with this condition, the presented construction solves the inverse scattering problem by recovering the S-matrix from the model via Haag–Ruelle scattering theory, and a proof of asymptotic completeness is given.     

Tetrad-Gauge Theory of Gravity

We present a tetrad–gauge theory of gravity based on the local Lorentz group in a four-dimensional Riemann–Cartan space–time. Using the tetrad formalism allows avoiding problems connected with the noncompactness of the group and includes the possibility of choosing the local inertial reference frame arbitrarily at any point in the space–time. The initial quantities of the theory are the tetrad and gauge fields in terms of which we express the metric, connection, torsion, and curvature tensor. The gauge fields of the theory are coupled only to the gravitational field described by the tetrad fields. The equations in the theory can be solved both for a many-body system like the Solar System and in the general case of a static centrally symmetric field. The metric thus found coincides with the metric obtained in general relativity using the same approximations, but the interpretation of gravity is quite different. Here, the space–time torsion is responsible for gravity, and there is no curvature because the curvature tensor is a linear combination of the gauge field tensors, which are absent in the case of pure gravity. The gauge fields of the theory, which (together with the tetrad fields) define the structure of space–time, are not directly coupled to ordinary matter and can be interpreted as the fields describing dark energy and dark matter.     

Structure,classification, and conformal symmetry of elementary particles over non-archimedean space-time

It is well known that at distances shorter than Planck length, no length measurements are possible. The Volovich hypothesis asserts that at sub-Planckian distances and times, spacetime itself has a non-Archimedean geometry. We discuss the structure of elementary particles, their classification, and their conformal symmetry under this hypothesis. Specifically, we investigate the projective representations of the p-adic Poincaré and Galilean groups, using a new variant of the Mackey machine for projective unitary representations of semidirect products of locally compact and second countable (lcsc) groups. We construct the conformal spacetime over p-adic fields and discuss the imbedding of the p-adic Poincaré group into the p-adic conformal group. Finally, we show that the massive and the so called eventually masssive particles of the Poincaré group do not have conformal symmetry. The whole picture bears a close resemblance to what happens over the field of real numbers, but with some significant variations.     

Non-Abelian tensor gauge fields

A recently proposed extension of Yang-Mills theory contains non-Abelian tensor gauge fields. The Lagrangian has quadratic kinetic terms, as well as cubic and quartic terms describing nonlinear interaction of tensor gauge fields with the dimensionless coupling constant. We analyze the particle content of non-Abelian tensor gauge fields. In four-dimensional space-time the rank-2 gauge field describes propagating modes of helicity 2 and 0. We introduce interaction of the non-Abelian tensor gauge field with fermions and demonstrate that the free equation of motion for the spinor-vector field correctly describes the propagation of massless modes of helicity 3/2. We have found a new metric-independent gauge invariant density which is a four-dimensional analog of the Chern-Simons density. The Lagrangian augmented by this Chern-Simons-like invariant describes the massive Yang-Mills boson, providing a gauge invariant mass gap for a four-dimensional gauge field theory.     

Integral invariants of the Hamilton equations

Conditions are found for the existence of integral invariants of Hamiltonian systems. For two-degrees-of-freedom systems these conditions are intimately related to the existence of nontrivial symmetry fields and multivalued integrals. Any integral invariant of a geodesic flow on an analytic surface of genus greater than 1 is shown to be a constant multiple of the Poincaré-Cartan invariant. Poincaré's conjecture that there are no additional integral invariants in the restricted three-body problem is proved. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 379–393, September, 1995. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 242 93-013-16244), International Science Foundation (grant No. MCY 000), and INTAS (grant No. 93-339).     

A computer search for contractible 3-manifolds

A theorem is proved giving a necessary condition for a standard spine of a prime homology 3-ball to be minimal. This result enables an inspection of all standard spines with five or fewer vertices, by computer. There are exactly two such minimal spines, one for the 3-ball and one for the dodecahedral homology-ball of Poincaré. Corollary: No counterexample to the Poincaré Conjecture exists having a standard spine with five or fewer vertices.     

Instantons and gravitation theory

Some problems related to using nonperturbative quantization methods in theories of gauge fields and gravitation are studied. The unification of interactions is considered in the context of the geometric theory of gauge fields. The notion of vacuum in the unified interaction theory and the role of instantons in the vacuum structure are considered. The relation between the definitions of instantons and the energymomentum tensor of a gauge field and also the role played by the vacuum solutions to the Einstein equations in the definition of vacuum for gauge fields are demonstrated. The Schwarzschild solution, as well as the entire class of vacuum solutions to the Einstein equations, is a gravitational instanton even though the signature of the space-time metric is hyperbolic. Gravitation, oncluding the Einstein version, is considered a special case of an interaction described by a non-Abelian gauge field. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya. Fizika. Vol. 115, No. 2, pp. 312–320, May. 1998.     

GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS OF TYPE (0,2) TENSOR FIELDS AND ASSOCIATED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES

ABSTRACT

This article is concerned with variational problems whose field variables are functions on a product manifold M x G of two manifolds M and G. These field variables are denoted by ψ_hα_j in local coordinates (h, j = 1,…,n = dim M, α = 1,…,r = dim G), and it is supposed that they behave as type (0,2) tensor fields under coordinate transformations on M. The dependance of ψ_hα_j on the coordinates of G is specified by a generalized gauge transformation that depends on a map h: M → G. The requirement that the action integral be independent of the choice of this map imposes conditions on the matrices that define the gauge transformation in a manner that gives rise to a Lie algebra, which in turn imposes a Lie group structure on the manifold G. As in the case of standard gauge theories (whose gauge potentials consist of r type (0,1) vector fields on M) certain combinations of the first derivatives of the field variations ψ_hα_j give rise to a set of r tensors on M, the so-called field strengths, that can be regarded as special representations of G. These may be used to construct appropriate connection and curvature forms of M. The Euler-Lagrange equations of the variational problem, when expressed in terms of such connections, admit a particularly simple representation and give rise a set of n conservation laws in terms of type (1,1) tensor fields.     

Intersection homology with field coefficients: K‐Witt spaces and K‐Witt bordism

We construct geometric examples of pseudomanifolds that satisfy the Witt condition for intersection homology Poincaré duality with respect to certain fields but not others. We then compute the bordism theory of K‐Witt spaces for an arbitrary field K, extending results of Siegel for K = ?. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Borchers’ Commutation Relations for Sectors with Braid Group Statistics in Low Dimensions

Borchers has shown that in a translation covariant vacuum representation of a theory of local observables with positive energy the following holds: The (Tomita) modular objects associated with the observable algebra of a fixed wedge region give rise to a representation of the subgroup of the Poincaré group generated by the boosts and the reflection associated to the wedge, and the translations. We prove here that Borchers’ theorem also holds in charged sectors with (possibly non-Abelian) braid group statistics in low space-time dimensions. Our result is a crucial step towards the Bisognano–Wichmann theorem for Plektons in d = 3, namely that the mentioned modular objects generate a representation of the proper Poincaré group, including a CPT operator. Our main assumptions are Haag duality of the observable algebra, and translation covariance with positive energy as well as finite statistics of the sector under consideration. Supported by FAPEMIG. Submitted: June 11, 2008., Accepted: August 4, 2008.     

A shadowing lemma for quasi-hyperbolic strings of flows

In this paper we prove a shadowing lemma for pseudo orbits made by quasi-hyperbolic strings. We allow singularities in question and hence, in particular, the quasi-hyperbolic strings are formulated by the rescaled linear Poincaré flow instead of the usual linear Poincaré flow. We also introduce the sectional Poincaré map and rescaled sectional Poincaré map for Lipschitz vector fields on Banach spaces in the article.     

The Geometry of Systems of Third Order Differential Equations Induced by Second Order Regular Lagrangians

A system of third order differential equations, whose coefficients do not depend explicitly on time, can be viewed as a third order vector field, which is called a semispray, and lives on the second order tangent bundle. We prove that a regular second order Lagrangian induces such a semispray, which is uniquely determined by two associated Poincaré-Cartan one-forms. To study the geometry of this semispray, we construct a horizontal distribution, which is a Lagrangian subbundle for an associated Poincaré-Cartan two-form. Using this semispray and the associated nonlinear connection we define dynamical covariant derivatives of first and second order. With respect to this, the second order dynamical derivative of the Lagrangian metric tensor vanishes.     

Multi-index Filtrations and Generalized Poincaré Series

A multi-index filtration on the ring of germs of functions can be described by its Poincaré series. We consider a finer invariant (or rather two invariants) of a multi-index filtration than the Poincaré series generalizing the last one. The construction is based on the fact that the Poincaré series can be written as a certain integral with respect to the Euler characteristic over the projectivization of the ring of functions. The generalization of the Poincaré series is defined as a similar integral with respect to the generalized Euler characteristic with values in the Grothendieck ring of varieties. For the filtration defined by orders of functions on the components of a plane curve singularity C and for the so called divisorial filtration for a modification of (\Bbb C²,0)({\Bbb C}^2,0) by a sequence of blowing-ups there are given formulae for this generalized Poincaré series in terms of an embedded resolution of the germ C or in terms of the modification respectively. The generalized Euler characteristic of the extended semigroup corresponding to the divisorial filtration is computed giving a curious “motivic version” of an A’Campo type formula.     

Symmetries, Conservation Laws, and Cohomology of Maxwell's Equations Using Potentials

New nonlocal symmetries and conservation laws are derived for Maxwell's equations in 3 + 1 dimensional Minkowski space using a covariant system of joint vector potentials for the electromagnetic tensor field and its dual. A key property of this system, as well as of this class of new symmetries and conservation laws, is their invariance under the duality transformation that exchanges the electromagnetic field with its dual. (In contrast the standard potential system using a single vector potential is not duality-invariant.) The nonlocal symmetries of Maxwell's equations come from an explicit classification of all symmetries of a certain natural geometric form admitted by the joint potential system in Lorentz gauge. In addition to scaling and duality-rotation symmetries, and the well-known Poincaré and dilation symmetries which involve homothetic Killing vectors, the classification yields new geometric symmetries involving Killing–Yano tensors related to rotations/boosts and inversions. The nonlocal conservation laws of Maxwell's equations are constructed from these geometric symmetries by applying a conserved current formula that uses the joint potentials and directly generates conservation laws from any (local or nonlocal) symmetries of Maxwell's equations. This formula is shown to arise through a series of mappings that relate, respectively, symmetries/adjoint-symmetries of the joint potential system and adjoint-symmetries/symmetries of Maxwell's equations. The mappings are derived as by-products of the study of cohomology of closed one-forms and two-forms locally constructed from the electromagnetic field and its derivatives to any finite order for all solutions of Maxwell's equations. In particular it is shown that the only nontrivial cohomology consists of the electromagnetic field (two-form) itself as well as its dual (two-form), and that this two-form cohomology is killed by the introduction of corresponding potentials.     

Fiber Bundles, Connections, General Relativity, and the Einstein-Cartan Theory – Part II

The formalism of tetrads and spin connections is presented, and with it, the Einstein-Cartan (E-C) equations are derived from the usual actions. It is shown how torsion vanishes in the case of pure gravity. Then, the equations in the presence of the Dirac and the Maxwell fields are derived. A possibility of choosing a locally inertial coordinate system in the presence of a totally antisymmetric torsion is proved. We discuss a conflict between torsion and the local gauge invariance of the electromagnetic field. Finally, we study Lorentz and Poincaré gauge invariance of general relativity and the E-C theory.     

The dualizing spectrum of a topological group

To a topological group G, we assign a naive G-spectrum , called the dualizing spectrum of G. When the classifying space BG is finitely dominated, we show that detects Poincaré duality in the sense that BG is a Poincaré duality space if and only if is a homotopy finite spectrum. Secondly, we show that the dualizing spectrum behaves multiplicatively on certain topological group extensions. In proving these results we introduce a new tool: a norm map which is defined for any G and for any naive G-spectrum E. Applications of the dualizing spectrum come in two flavors: (i) applications in the theory of Poincaré duality spaces, and (ii) applications in the theory of group cohomology. On the Poincaré duality space side, we derive a homotopy theoretic solution to a problem posed by Wall which says that in a fibration sequence of fini the total space satisfies Poincaré duality if and only if the base and fiber do. The dualizing spectrum can also be used to give an entirely homotopy theoretic construction of the Spivak fibration of a finitely dominated Poincaré duality space. We also include a new proof of Browder's theorem that every finite H-space satisfies Poincaré duality. In connection with group cohomology, we show how to define a variant of Farrell-Tate cohomology for any topological or discrete group G, with coefficients in any naive equivariant cohomology theory E. When E is connective, and when G admits a subgroup H of finite index such that BH is finitely dominated, we show that this cohomology coincides with the ordinary cohomology of G with coefficients in E in degrees greater than the cohomological dimension of H. In an appendix, we identify the homotopy type of for certain kinds of groups. The class includes all compact Lie groups, torsion free arithmetic groups and Bieri-Eckmann duality groups. Received July 14, 1999 / Revised May 17, 2000 / Published online February 5, 2001     

Applications of the odd symplectic group in Hamiltonian systems

In this paper we give two applications of the odd symplectic group to the study of the linear Poincaré maps of a periodic orbits of a Hamiltonian vector field, which cannot be obtained using the standard symplectic theory. First we look at the geodesic flow. We show that the period of the geodesic is a noneigenvalue modulus of the conjugacy class in the odd symplectic group of the linear Poincaré map. Second, we study an example of a family of periodic orbits, which forms a folded Robinson cylinder. The stability of this family uses the fact that the unipotent odd symplectic Poincaré map at the fold has a noneigenvalue modulus.     

Atiyah–Bott index on stratified manifolds

In this paper, the Poincaré isomorphism in K-theory on manifolds with edges is constructed. It is shown that the Poincaré isomorphism can be naturally constructed in terms of noncommutative geometry. More precisely, we obtain a correspondence between a manifold with edges and a noncommutative algebra and establish an isomorphism between the K-group of this algebra and the K-homology group of the manifold with edges, which is considered as a compact topological space.