基于飞秒激光加工的马赫-曾德尔干涉氢气传感器

介绍了一种基于光纤微加工的氢气传感技术方案。利用波长为800nm的飞秒激光脉冲在普通单模光纤上加工马赫-曾德尔(M-Z)干涉腔,并采用磁控溅射方法在加工后的M-Z干涉微腔上溅射钯(Pd)膜,制备了一种新型的光纤氢气传感器。分析了加工工艺对微腔干涉效果的影响,选择合适的加工参数以及加工后对微腔进行后续处理,可使微腔的透射光谱的分辨率得到提高。实验研究了腔长为40μm的M-Z干涉传感器分别镀36nm、110nmPd膜后,对氢气的响应。结果表明,在不同的氢气浓度下,镀Pd膜的M-Z干涉传感器都表现出对氢气的敏感特性,随着氢气浓度的增大,透射光谱会向长波长方向偏移,其中Pd膜厚度为110nm比厚度为36nm的传感器对氢气有更好的灵敏度。     

基于光纤微腔的温度及折射率同时测量型传感器

基于多光束干涉原理,设计了一种基于光纤微腔的温度及折射率同时测量的反射型光纤传感器.该传感器将渐变折射率多模光纤的一端用氢氟酸腐蚀形成一个空气腔,带空气腔的渐变折射率多模光纤一端和单模光纤熔接,另一端切平构成传感头.实验选取渐变折射率多模光纤的长度为538.1μm,空气腔长度为40.8μm.结果表明:光纤微腔结构所形成的多光束干涉光谱条纹对比度与光纤微腔外的溶液折射率相关,干涉波峰移动与环境温度相关,通过监测条纹对比度和干涉波峰的移动,可以实现对折射率和温度的同时测量.当折射率在1.341 5~1.432 0RIU变化时,反射强度对折射率的灵敏度为57.24dB/RIU;当温度在30℃~70℃之间变化时,谐振波长对温度的灵敏度为12.3pm/℃,可检测到的最小温度变化为1.2℃,测得最小折射率变化为3.4×10-4.该传感器也可应用于其他参量的测量,具有良好的应用前景.     

用于迷你无人飞行器探测的硅基MEMS轮形振膜光纤声传感器研制

针对迷你无人飞行器(mini-UAV)探测难度大的问题,仿真设计并制作了谐振频率接近mini-UAV噪声特征频率的硅基微机电系统(MEMS)轮形振膜,结合精密机械加工制作了光纤法布里-珀罗干涉式声传感器。测试结果表明,该光纤声传感器的谐振频率为7.279 kHz,与仿真结果基本一致,其在频率为7 kHz声波正入射的条件下的灵敏度为1.8 V/Pa,信噪比为71 dB,最小可探测声压为99μPa/Hz^0.5。值得强调的是,该声传感器对声波的响应呈现“8”字形的方向依赖性,表明其具有识别声源方向的能力。进一步在户外测试了该光纤声传感器对mini-UAV的探测能力,结果表明,声传感器能够在65 m的范围内探测到mini-UAV噪声,其探测距离是商用驻极体声传感器的3倍左右。所研制的硅基MEMS轮形振膜光纤声传感器为解决实践中mini-UAV探测难的问题提供了一种简单有效的工具。     

基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器

针对基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的特性展开了研究,仿真分析了三路信号的直流分项、交流分项以及相位差对双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器输出性能的影响。采用对比法,并通过实验研究了基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的输出特性,实现了灵敏度为193 mV/Pa@1 kHz、频率响应为200 Hz～4 kHz@±3 dB的声信号测量。本研究能够很好地应用于声探测、语音识别等领域。     

用于光声成像的高灵敏度光纤法珀腔传感器

针对用于光声成像的光纤法珀腔传感器,建立了考虑光电探测器的暗电流噪声和热噪声、探针光源的相对强度噪声和相位噪声的光纤法珀腔传感器的测声信噪比理论模型.理论分析讨论了法珀腔镀膜反射率、法珀腔长、压敏薄膜的厚度和有效半径等参数对光纤法珀腔传感器的测量灵敏度和信噪比的影响,为光纤法珀腔光声传感器的研制和性能优化提供了理论依据...     

基于多层石墨烯材料的光纤声波传感器

研究了一种基于多层石墨烯材料的光纤声波传感器,该传感器是由单模光纤和多层石墨烯薄膜构成的光纤法布里-珀罗干涉腔结构。分别采用多层的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯(GO)材料作为声压敏感薄膜,进行声波传感实验研究。结果表明,在音频范围内,基于石墨烯和GO薄膜的光纤声波传感器的平均信噪比分别达到56dB和69dB,平均最小可探测声压灵敏度分别为20.8μPa·Hz~(-1/2)和6.63μPa·Hz~(-1/2),远低于电学声波传感器的最小可探测声压灵敏度。基于石墨烯材料的光纤声波传感器具有更高的声波检测灵敏度,适用于强电磁干扰、狭小空间等环境下的微声压测量。     

基于光纤光声传感的多组分痕量气体检测技术

为进一步提升多组分痕量气体检测灵敏度,设计了一套光纤光声传感系统。系统主要集成了2个近红外DFB激光器、近红外宽带光源、高速光谱模块、现场可编程逻辑门阵列信号采集与处理电路,具有激光调制控制、光声信号解调和数字锁相放大等功能。利用声学共振腔和干涉型光纤声波传感器对光声信号进行激发增强和探测增强,实现了乙炔和甲烷气体的高灵敏度检测。光纤声波传感器中以微机电系统悬臂梁作为声学敏感元件,设计了光纤法布里-珀罗干涉结构,将悬臂梁偏转位移转换为F-P腔长的变化。采用高分辨率光谱解调技术,实现了基于光纤F-P传感器的超高灵敏度光声信号检测。系统对乙炔和甲烷的检测极限分别达到2×10^-9和3×10^-9,归一化噪声等效吸收系数为8×10^-10cm^-1W Hz^-1/2。     

微纳光纤高温压力传感器

提出了一种基于飞秒激光加工技术制作的微纳光纤高温压力传感器。用飞秒激光在光纤端面加工出法珀腔,制作出的全光纤法珀干涉型压力传感器,从室温到1100℃范围进行了压力温度试验。在不同温度下,压力传感器都有良好的线性输出特性,短时间工作温度超过1100℃,能够满足高温环境下压力测量的需求。     

基于双光子聚合3D打印的光纤法珀微波导腔制备及传感特性研究

将光纤法布里-珀罗（法珀）微腔与微波导相结合,提出一种光纤法珀微波导腔高灵敏度折射率传感器。光纤法珀微腔可以将光场限制在微米量级的区域内,并对腔内的微波导结构起支撑保护作用;微波导在保证结构良好导光能力的同时,基于其强倏逝场特性,进一步提升整体结构的折射率灵敏度。此外,基于飞秒激光双光子聚合高精度3D打印技术,可实现波导直径仅为2μm的光纤法珀微波导腔,并保证良好的制备重复性。实验结果表明：随着光纤法珀微波导腔传感器腔内液体折射率的增加,传感器的干涉光谱发生蓝移,在1.3346～1.3764折射率范围内灵敏度可达525.81 nm/RIU,与仿真获得折射率灵敏度（555.14 nm/RIU）结果接近;该传感器还展现了优良的线性响应特性,线性拟合系数可达0.9948;相比于传统无微波导的光纤法珀微腔结构,干涉光谱峰值提升了8.2 dB,折射率灵敏度提升了近4倍。     

光纤法布里-珀罗干涉式应变的测量

本文采用在一段单模光纤两端镀膜的方法构成不对称光纤法布里-珀罗干涉腔,导出此干涉腔反射光的数学模型,给出干涉腔与光纤连接构成干涉式光纤应变传感器的一般理论和测量方法。文中传感器采用低反射率的法布里一纳罗腔以改善光纤应变传感器的线性。输入、输出在同一侧便于使用;与电阻应变传感器相比精度高、适用范围广。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.