基于金属-介质-金属多层膜结构的空芯光纤折射率传感器

提出了一种新型的基于金属-介质-金属的多层膜结构的空芯光纤折射率传感器,通过建立光学模型计算了该传感器的传输光谱。对介质膜材料分别为二氧化硅、环烯烃聚合物和碘化银时的传感器性能进行了分析。当空芯光纤内部检测液体折射率处于不同范围时,所设计的传感器分别利用导模共振、表面等离子体共振以及波导耦合表面等离子体共振的原理进行传感。相比于传统的空芯光纤传感器,所提的传感器不仅检测范围超大(1.3~1.64,几乎覆盖了全部液体介质的折射率)而且品质因数提高了一倍。     

基于SPR光谱分析的液体折射率测量研究

文章从电磁场理论和射线理论的角度,详细讨论了光纤表面等离子体波传感器工作原理,分析了表面等离子体共振(SPR)光谱共振波长与液体介质折射率之间的对应关系。采用相关光谱检测技术,获得八种不同类型分析醇所对应的SPR光谱曲线族,其共振波长随液体折射率的增大而逐渐向长波长方向偏移。通过对乙醇与乙二醇混合液体所对应的共振光谱分析,实现对两者配比浓度的测定。整个传感系统结构简单,测量光路部分实现全光纤化,不仅能够对目标测量介质的实时、快速、精确测量,还可用于特殊测量场合,实现远程遥测功能。     

内置调制层型光纤表面等离子体波共振传感器研究

研究了一种基于内置调制层结构的光纤表面等离子体波共振(SPR)传感器。通过在金膜与纤芯的内侧增覆具有不同厚度和属性的光学透明薄膜作为内调制层,构成了性能独特的光电复合薄膜,起到调节倏逝波矢量和金膜表面等离子体振荡波矢量的双重作用,进而控制共振效应,为调节灵敏度提供依据。采用时域有限差分方法对内置调制层结构光纤SPR共振激励模型属性进行数值仿真。在此基础上,研制了用于液体折射率测量的内置调制层型光纤SPR传感探针。实验结果表明,该传感器在1.335～1.392折射率范围内,随着待测液体折射率的增大,SPR共振光谱向长波方向偏移,且灵敏度达到2263.1nm/RIU,与基于纤芯-金膜-环境介质三层结构的常规光纤SPR传感器相比提高一倍,能够更好地满足环境折射率检测的需求。     

侧边抛磨的U型金溅射塑料光纤等离子体共振传感器

为了测量溶液折射率变化，对塑料光纤纤芯表面的纤芯-金层-液体的3层膜结构进行研究，制作了一种使用U型结构并结合侧边抛磨方法的表面等离子体共振传感器。将截取的一段塑料光纤弯曲成为U型，并在烘箱中通过较高温度使这段光纤的曲率固定，对弯曲部分的外表面进行抛光，暴露该位置塑料光纤芯层并在其上溅射金纳米薄膜层，将制备好的传感器浸入不同折射率的液体中，使用光谱分析仪观察光谱的移动。实验结果表明:当塑料光纤SPR传感器测量折射率变化范围在1.333~1.406的液体时，可以通过光谱观察到随着液体折射率的增大，等离子体共振吸收峰位置也不断地向波长增大的方向移动，并且二者之间存在线性关系，其灵敏度为7.5×10-4 RIU/nm。该传感器探头具有灵敏度高、小型化、易制备、低成本的特点。     

基于表面等离子体共振原理的空芯光纤传感器

设计了一种基于表面等离子体共振原理,使用空芯光纤作为光波导、外表面镀金属膜的光学材料圆柱体作为探头的新型折射率传感器。通过建立光学模型进行分析,在理论上推导出了这种传感器的传输光谱损耗公式,并针对该传感器在不同的光纤长度、探头材料、检测物质折射率等参数设置下的检测性能进行了分析,获得了各种参数对其性能的影响。由于该传感器可针对不同折射率的检测物质灵活地更换合适探头材料,相对于传统的表面等离子体共振光纤传感器,在易用性和性价比等方面具有更好的应用价值。     

反射式光纤表面等离子体波共振传感器特性研究

研究了一种基于表面等离子体波共振(SPR)光谱分析的折射率检测新方法。研究发现,表面等离子体波共振效应光谱特征的折射率灵敏度会随着液体性质变化而发生改变。根据折射率测量范围不同,分别选择共振波长和共振强度作为检测参量,实现理论折射率分辨力达到10~(-5)数量级以上。在理论分析和实验基础上,设计出一种基于共振光强检测的终端反射式光纤表面等离子体波共振效应传感系统,采用将传感信号和基准光信号的比值作为液体折射率变化的度量值。在1．3325～1．3991的折射率测量范围内,度量值与折射率之间呈现单调递减关系,线性相关系数为0．9983。通过定义耦合系数,还可实现对表面等离子体波共振效应效应强弱和变化趋势的评估。     

侧边抛磨光纤的光谱调制型表面等离子体共振传感研究

表面等离子体共振传感是基于光学消逝波与金属表面等离子体波共振的一种高灵敏度、快速、无标记的测量方式。光纤的表面等离子体共振传感具有在线测量、体积小、抗电磁干扰等优点。为提高折射率传感灵敏度,采用轮式侧边抛磨法抛磨掉多模光纤的全部包层和部分纤芯,并采用溅射法在光纤抛磨区先镀高折射率的铬层然后镀金膜,制作了侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振传感器。研究结果表明:该传感器可实现液体折射率在1.333~1.431RIU范围的测试,平均光谱灵敏度为4.11×103 nm·RIU-1,在1.417~1.431RIU折射率范围内光谱灵敏度达1.09×104 nm·RIU-1,折射率测量范围和光谱灵敏度均优于已报道的结果。此外,该传感器具有良好的稳定性与重复性实验测试,最小分辨率约为3.6×10-5 RIU。该传感器光谱灵敏度高、检测范围大、尺寸小及良好的稳定性与重复性等优点,可被用于食品检测、环境监测、生物医学检测等相关领域。     

基于全相位滤波技术的光纤表面等离子体共振传感解调算法

基于生物样品检测对折射率传感的迫切需求,构建一种全光纤表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)系统,并针对其设计了基于全相位滤波技术的SPR特征波长传感解调算法.基于系统仿真,理论计算了光纤SPR传感器的折射率传感灵敏度.采用全相位滤波技术提取光纤SPR传感器透射光谱的特征波长,理论推导了全相位滤波器的解析表达式.实验结果表明,使用本算法的光纤SPR传感器折射率传感灵敏度为1640.4 nm/RIU,折射率检测的分辨率是7.36×10~(-4)RIU,与传统方法相比,有效提高了系统的检测精度和抗光源扰动性能,降低了实验成本.     

基于银/高纯铟复合膜的表面等离子体共振折射率传感器

为了解决单一金属膜结构的光纤表面等离子体共振（SPR）盐度传感器结构不稳定且灵敏度较低的问题,设计了一种高灵敏度的锥形三芯光纤结构的SPR盐度传感器。以银膜为激发表面等离子体共振的金属层,在其表面涂覆高纯铟以增强其稳定性。通过Kretschmann四层结构模型对传感器进行理论分析,结果表明,在光纤锥区纤芯模和包层模之间会出现强烈的模式耦合,在覆膜区会激发明显的等离子体共振。对涂覆银膜和高纯铟膜的SPR传感器进行折射率性能测试,在1.4%～3.6%的盐度变化范围内,涂覆银膜和高纯铟膜的SPR传感器灵敏度高达4989.34 nm/RIU,对应的盐度灵敏度为9.1 nm/%,比仅涂覆银膜的SPR传感器灵敏度提高了44%。     

基于侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振的折射率和温度传感研究

用轮式侧边抛磨法制作侧边抛磨光纤,通过磁控溅射法溅射金膜制成侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器,并通过理论和实验对传感器的折射率灵敏度以及温度特性做了深入研究。结果表明表面等离子体共振波长随待测样品折射率的增大向长波长方向漂移,平均折射率灵敏度为4.1×103 nm/RIU(RIU为单位折射率),高于已报道的结果;共振波长随待测样品温度的升高向短波长方向漂移,平均温度灵敏度为0.36nm/℃,故该光纤SPR传感器具有更强抗温度漂移能力和更高的高折射率灵敏度,其在生物化学传感领域有重要的应用。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.