基于线阵CCD空间滤波效应的航空相机像移速度测量方法

基于空间滤波测速原理,提出了利用线阵CCD空间滤波效应进行航空相机像移速度测量的新方法。对线阵CCD输出图像进行隔行采样,模拟了多狭缝的空间滤波特性,实现了对航空相机像移速度的光学非接触测量。通过研究空间滤波器的功率谱密度函数,对影响线阵CCD空间滤波特性的关键因素进行了特性分析,并在实验上验证了利用线阵CCD推扫图像模拟多狭缝空间滤波器测量像移速度的可行性。结果表明,对于5～53.2 mm/s范围内的像移速度,测量误差导致的像移量误差不大于1/3 pixel,能够满足航空相机像移补偿精度的要求。     

衍射光栅空间滤波成像方法实验研究

为了实现毫秒级分辨力光栅式角位移的测量,从光学角度出发,对光栅的设计、制作形成和空间滤波方法进行实验研究;依据马赫-曾德尔干涉法原理进行多光束全息光栅设计;同时对矩形光栅和制作的多光束干涉全息光栅进行相应的空间滤波成像处理;最后选取平行光和点光源两种光源进行检测,并利用面阵CCD和线阵CCD对光栅的衍射信息进行采集,分别从条纹质量、透过率函数和频谱三个方面对空间滤波成像处理前后的光栅进行检验。结果表明:空间滤波成像处理可以减少光栅中高次谐波的含量,明显改善光栅信号的质量;随着衍射光栅空间频率的增大,光栅的正弦性有效提高。     

基于基频混频的相位生成载波解调方法研究与改进

对基频混频相位生成载波解调方法的局限性进行了研究与改进.在该方法的基础上,通过引入直流滤波器,滤除了直流成分的影响,使得改进后的算法克服了基频混频相位生成载波解调方法只适用于小信号的局限性;通过引入抗混叠滤波器,保留了有用频谱成分,进一步降低了采样频率.在采样频率一定时,最大限度地提高了系统可解调的动态范围上限,给出了实现改进后算法的硬件实现方案,并用Matlab及数字信号处理器软件开发代码调试器分别进行了仿真验证,证明了这种改进解调方案的可行性.     

用基于DSP的线阵CCD实现二维图像信号采集的系统设计

对光电转换系统，尤其是采集信号的后处理进行了研究。介绍了在光电精密数据采集处理中通过DSP用硬件实现对CCD信号的采集和处理过程。给出了对CCD信号进行边缘识别的微分算法和将线阵CCD信号进行组合，恢复出二维图像信号的算法。同时还给出了详细的硬件处理电路。重点介绍了DSP与FIFO的数据传输、DSP与USB的接口电路。解决了一般情况下系统无法做到的用线阵CCD实现二维图像信号复原的问题。通过实验，证明了该方法的有效性。线阵CCD信号是以若干线段的形式存在的，特别适用于激光雕刻机图像采集系统，应用前景广阔。     

一种声矢量阵子空间拟合算法及其矩阵预滤波器设计

为了减少矩阵预滤波器通带响应畸变程度,提出了一种基于阻带约束通带最大k个误差范数和(k为约束点的数目)最小化准则的矩阵预滤波器设计方法,通过使通带内最大的k个响应误差范数和最小化,减少了通带响应畸变程度。同时针对声矢量阵方位估计算法计算量过大的问题,提出了一种基于矩阵预滤波的声矢量阵子空间拟合算法,通过对声矢量阵声压、振速信号子空间进行联合处理,将预滤波矩阵和拟合子空间矩阵均减少为M×M维(M为阵元数),从而减少矩阵预滤波器设计和方位搜索所需时间。仿真结果和分析表明该算法性能和预滤波MUSIC算法相当,但在计算量上有较大优势,矩阵预滤波方法能抑制阻带干扰,提高后续算法的分辨和估计性能。      

基于S变换滤波解相法的条纹解相研究

S变换可以看作是介于小波变换与窗口傅里叶变换之间的变换,具有很强的时频分析能力,它将一维信号变换为时间(空间)和频率的函数,称为瞬时S变换谱,在沿窗口移动方向上,S变换谱的叠加可得到全局信号的傅里叶频谱。在S变换用于条纹解调时,局部基频的正确提取是确保获得全局信号基频分量的关键。为此研究了不同的滤波过程对S变换解调条纹相位的影响,利用不同的滤波器,在对局部S频谱进行加权滤波后,叠加局部基频,得到全局基频分布,然后再利用逆傅里叶变换获得条纹的相位分布,从而重建被测物体的面形。讨论了阈值滤波、平顶高斯和平顶汉宁滤波、"脊"线拟合后的平顶高斯和平顶汉宁滤波在S变换轮廓术中的应用,通过计算机模拟和实验,初步对比了滤波效果。     

一种低成本线阵CCD驱动与数据采集处理系统的研究

探索了一种在低成本下实现线阵CCD输出信号快速采集以及与PC通信的方法。讨论了线阵CCD系统的整体结构及工作流程。采用VHDL语言编写了驱动程序,实现了CCD的正确工作。利用DSP实现了对下位CCD的控制,在控制程序中利用"乒乓原理"实现了线阵CCD的数据采集,并同时给PC快速上传数据。基于Visual C++6.0平台编写了PC机控制软件,实现了对硬件电路的控制和对CCD输出信号的分析处理。     

矩阵空域预滤波目标方位估计

提出了基于矩阵空域预滤波处理的目标方位估计新方法。通过设计一个空域的矩阵滤波器对传感器阵列数据进行矩阵处理,抑制阻带扇面的干扰与噪声,且尽量保证让通带扇面的信号无失真通过。由于该空域滤波器的输出仍为阵元域数据,因此可以很方便地在很多阵列信号处理算法之前通过增加空域预滤波处理来达到抑制空间干扰、提高系统处理能力的目的。文章通过目标方位估计的具体实例来说明矩阵空域预滤波处理对系统性能的改善作用。计算机仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,矩阵空域预滤波处理有效地抑制了空间干扰与噪声,提高了方位估计算法对感兴趣扇面目标的方位分辨与估计性能。此外,仿真结果表明采用分扇面空域预滤波处理方法,使基阵具有了分辨多于阵元数目信号源的能力。     

基于线阵CMOS型空时滤波器的新型空间滤波测速仪

为了消除速度测量中的方向模糊以及减小测量不确定度,建立了一套基于空时滤波器的新型空间滤波测速仪。设计了一种基于高速互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)线阵图像传感器的空时滤波器,并从理论上分析了该类型空时滤波器的滤波特性。采用了快速傅里叶变换法分析输出信号的频谱,并通过能量重心法对频谱进行校正,减小了频率测量不确定度。使用这种新型测速仪对传送带的平移速度进行了测量。实验验证了该空时滤波器对运动方向辨别的可行性。同时,通过实验还分析了速度测量相对标准不确定度。实验结果表明使用空时滤波器的空间滤波测速仪可以使速度测量相对标准不确定度在频率测量相对标准不确定度的基础上大大降低。降低后的速度测量相对标准不确定度小于0.24%,该值还可以通过合理选择空时滤波器的参数来进一步减小。     

基于FPGA的准直测角系统

为了提高线阵CCD准直测角系统的精度、速度、集成度,以及可靠性,提出一种集成于单片FPGA、光积分时间可自适应调节的片上准直测角系统。以FPGA作为系统处理核心,利用高斯滤波算法对CCD输出信号进行数字滤波,利用边缘自动检测算法获得图像的像元级边界,在此基础上应用多项式插值算法对图像边缘位置进行亚像元细分,最终计算出失准角。利用VHDL语言以及MAX+plus II软件完成了系统设计。系统仿真和实验表明,所设计的片上系统具有高精度、高集成度、高可靠性的特点。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.