基于延迟抢占的突发竞争解决策略

在光突发交换网络中, 将竞争突发送入光纤延迟线(FDLs)缓存以避免丢弃被认为是一种便捷、有效的竞争解决方案。基于“提前预留”模型, 提出采用延迟抢占(DP)的方式来实现突发的竞争解决, 比较了全延迟抢占与部分延迟抢占机制的阻塞性能。为支持区分服务, 开展了两优先级系统中延迟抢占机制的研究, 建立了适用于两优先级系统的阻塞分析模型, 并对不同配比条件下延迟抢占机制的阻塞及延迟性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明, 延迟抢占机制有效地保证了高优先级突发的低阻塞要求, 与低优先级突发相比, 其突发阻塞率要低约2个数量级。此外, 由于FDL的长度固定, 数据突发的时延要求也得到了有效保障, 流量载荷ρ=1.0时, 高优先级突发的平均延迟仅为10 μs。     

OBS网络中一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法

为了解决偏射算法在偏射控制上的问题,提出了一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法.该算法采用丢弃少量偏射的高优先级分割突发数据包来保证偏射路由上低优先级非偏射突发数据包的QoS.当冲突发生时,分割偏射优先级低的突发数据包,从而保护高优先级突发数据包|在偏射路由上,通过启用偏射检测函数来判断是允许偏射的分割突发数据包抢占资源或是丢弃偏射的分割突发数据包.仿真结果表明,虽然该算法增加了少量的端到端的传输时延,但这种算法可以很好地控制偏射突发对网络偏射路由上正常流量的影响,并且能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率,很好地保护高优先级突发数据包的完整性.故这种方法能够有效地提高OBS网络的性能.     

OBS网络中一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法

为了解决偏射算法在偏射控制上的问题,提出了一种基于优先级和门限的偏射路由算法.该算法采用丢弃少量偏射的高优先级分割突发数据包来保证偏射路由上低优先级非偏射突发数据包的QoS.当冲突发生时,分割偏射优先级低的突发数据包,从而保护高优先级突发数据包;在偏射路由上,通过启用偏射检测函数来判断是允许偏射的分割突发数据包抢占资源或是丢弃偏射的分割突发数据包.仿真结果表明,虽然该算法增加了少量的端到端的传输时延,但这种算法可以很好地控制偏射突发对网络偏射路由上正常流量的影响,并且能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率,很好地保护高优先级突发数据包的完整性.故这种方法能够有效地提高OBS网络的性能.     

OBS网络中基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制

为了有效地降低突发包的丢失率和保证OBS网络中不同优先级业务的服务质量,提出了一种基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制.当冲突发生时,首先基于突发包的优先级进行"竞争突发包头部分割或者原突发包尾部分割"处理;无冲突部分直接在事先预留的输出数据信道上处理,冲突部分的分割突发包根据参数可调的偏射路由机制被偏射到最佳偏射路径上.仿真结果表明,该机制能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率和端到端的延时,并且得到高优先级突发包的丢失率和延时低于低优先级突发包.由此可知,基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制能够有效地解决突发包的冲突问题,从而提高整个OBS网络的性能.     

一种适用于光突发交换的区分型资源预留机制

将边缘结点突发汇聚算法与核心结点资源预留机制有机结合,提出了一种适用于光突发交换的区分型资源预留机制.引入“突发流”的概念,在边缘结点采用基于线性预测的突发汇聚算法将输入IP分组汇聚为单个突发或突发流;在核心结点引入“搭载请求”的思想,对单个突发和突发流采用不同的资源预留方案.仿真结果表明区分型资源预留机制可以明显改善光突发交换网络的丢失性能.     

光突发交换网中一种新的有优先权的冲突解决方案

提出了一种解决不同优先级突发包之间资源竞争的方案,分析了该方案下不同优先级的性能(时延和丢包率) .研究结果表明：高优先级突发包的平均时延和丢包率都远小于低优先级突发包,因此该方案能为高优先级突发包提供很好的QoS保障.     

光突发交换中支持区分业务的混合封装和改进的头部丢弃策略

介绍一种在光突发交换网中支持业务QoS,并减少分组到达乱序的突发包混合封装机制.通过将不同级别的分组组成相对独立的段,并进而封装到同一个突发包里,可减少分组到达乱序.结合改进的头部丢弃策略,可克服尾部丢弃法中存在的虚假冲突问题,能真正改善分组丢弃率.仿真结果表明,混合封装在结合改进的头部丢弃法之后,能很好地应用于具有QoS要求的光突发交换网中.     

Y型微通道内气泡非对称破裂行为的数值研究

基于微通道两相流的微流控技术已得到广泛的应用,精确控制通道中气泡或液滴的尺寸对相关微流控系统的设计起到至关重要的作用.本文基于流体体积法重构Y型微通道内的气泡破裂行为,系统研究了气泡无量纲尺寸(1.2—2.7)、出口流量比(1—4)以及主通道雷诺数(100—600)对气泡破裂行为的影响.发现气泡非对称破裂过程分为3个阶段:延伸阶段、挤压阶段和快速破裂阶段.在气泡初始尺寸较小或出口流量较大的情况下,气泡不破裂,只经历延伸阶段和挤压阶段.进一步针对不同尺寸和出口流量比揭示了气泡的4种破裂模式:隧道-隧道破裂、阻塞-阻塞破裂、隧道-阻塞破裂和不破裂.随着出口流量比的增大,气泡的破裂过程逐渐变为非对称破裂,其破裂模式沿隧道-隧道破裂/阻塞-阻塞破裂、逐渐向隧道-阻塞破裂和不破裂方向转变.在此基础上获得了不同雷诺数和初始气泡尺寸下,气泡破裂的临界流量比以及气泡破裂后子气泡体积比随出口流量比的变化规律并提炼了相应的准则关联式,可为精确调控破裂后子气泡的尺寸提供理论指导.     

波长转换器和光纤延迟线在WDM光分组交换中的结构设计和性能研究

介绍了两种新颖的光分组交换结构——MOD1和MOD2,用于解决分组冲突问题.其特点在于,MOD1共享了一组非简并的延迟线,而MOD2则是共享了一组简并的延迟线和波长转换器.研究表明,对于非突发业务,两种结构都只需要少量的延迟线即可获得理想的性能.此时,MOD1比MOD2更加能降低系统体积和成本.而对于突发业务,如果MOD1所共享的延迟线数量和MOD2所共享的延迟线和转换器的总数量相等,MOD2的分组丢弃率要远远低于MOD1.随着业务突发程度的增加,MOD2中的转换器数量也需要增加才能维持给定的分组丢弃率,但即使业务突发程度很高,MOD2在体积、成本和性能等三方面均可取得较理想的折衷.     

一种新颖的光突发交换网络中高效传输实时业务的协议

提出一种光突发交换网络中高效传输低速实时业务的虚时分复用协议(VTDM_RT).该协议的特点是信道不划分固定时隙,实时业务请求寻找空闲位置周期性占用信道,核心结点无须缓存,按照约定周期性转发实时业务数据.理论近似分析和仿真表明,该协议可以有效降低实时业务呼损率和数据丢弃率;实时业务速率越低,呼损率越低,波长利用率越高.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.