光滑拉伸试件中不同初始形状孔洞长大的有限元模拟

本文对具有不同硬化指数（ｎ＝０．０５，ｎ＝０．１，ｎ＝０．２）的幂硬化材料的光滑拉伸试样的拉伸变形过程进行了有限元模拟，通过有限元计算和经Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ修正分别得到了试样变形过程中心部应力三维度随应变的变化情况；在此基础上运用控制体胞宏观应力三维度的方法，对含不同初始形状孔洞的体胞模型进行了有限元分析，计算结果表明：（１）孔洞初始形状和材料硬化特性对试样的拉伸破坏过程有重要影响；（２）Ｂｒｉｄｇ     

不同应力三维度条件下孔洞的演变及修正的Gurson模型

本文对含不同形状孔洞的幂硬化材料的圆柱体胞模型，运用控制宏观应力三维工的方法进行了有限元分析。计算结果表明：１．孔洞初始形状，应力三维度对孔洞的长大有重要影响；２．Ｇｕｓｏｎ模型对孔洞长大规律的描述是不准确的，不准确度与孔洞初始形状，应力三维度有关，修正后的Ｇｕｒｓｏｎ模型与有限元结果吻合较好；３．在低应力三维度区，孔洞以及形状改变为主，在高应力三维度区，孔洞以扩张为主；     

考虑三轴约束时孔洞的聚合机理及有效能量准则

通过体胞分析方法,对不同状孔洞在从光滑试样到裂纹试样的三轴应力场中的聚合机理进行了较精解的有限元分析,计算结果表明：（１）孔洞的相互靠近和横向扩展是导致相邻孔洞发生内颈缩聚合的两种基本机制,在应力三维度Ｒσ等于１．２５附近,这两种机制发生较明显的变化。（２）单纯以孔洞体积分数ｆＣ概念为基础的材料破坏参数一般敏感于应力三维度,不能很好地预报不同三轴应力场中材料的破坏,在此基础上,提出了描述孔洞聚合的     

三轴转台框架的形状优化设计

本文叙述了三轴转台四种不同的布局型式。提出了用Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲线和Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数描述三轴转台框架的形状，将形状优化设计问题转换为可用参数优化设计方法求解的形式。建立了ＯＵＴ型三轴转台外框架结构的形状优化设计数学模型，然后给出了用增广乘子法对问题进行求解的步骤     

一个可区分破坏模式的新应力三轴度参数

三轴应力状态对破坏模式影响很大,但是根据应力三轴度的传统定义难以定量地判断破坏模式。本文根据准脆性断裂和塑性屈服的发生条件,从二者被满足的先后顺序角度,提出了一个新的应力三轴度定义以及临界三轴度这一材料常数。区分破坏模式的判据可简单地表示为:当应力三轴度大于材料的临界三轴度时,则发生准脆性断裂;当应力三轴度小于临界三轴度时,则先发生屈服和塑性变形。通过对平面应力和平面应变状态下椭圆孔孔边应力三轴度的理论分析,提出了有限厚度板中裂尖应力三轴度的数值计算方法,考察了不同板厚下单边裂纹裂尖应力三轴度沿板厚方向的分布特点,并给出了相应的经验公式。     

应力三轴度的有限元计算修正

对某高强度钢制成的光滑圆棒和缺口圆棒进行了系列准静态拉伸实验,采用ABAQUS对每个试 件进行了数值模拟,得到了该材料的真实应力应变曲线,拟合出了J-C本构模型和失效模型的部分材料常数。 最后,对该高强度钢制成的平板进行了撞击实验,并用得到的J-C模型对平板撞击实验进行了数值模拟,计算 结果与实验结果吻合很好,证明利用数值模拟并修正应力三轴度的方法是可行的。     

镁合金MB2在高应力三轴度下的拉伸破坏行为研究

通过光滑试件及不同曲率半径缺口圆柱试件的拉伸试验,实现对镁合金MB2的单向及多向应力状态加载。结合数值模拟分析,研究了不同试件在拉伸加载过程中应力状态的变化。以应力三轴度为参数,给出了镁合金MB2等效破坏应变的变化规律,在应力三轴度-等效破坏应变空间建立了镁合金MB2的失效破坏准则。利用扫描电镜对试件断口形貌进行观察,分析了导致材料宏观延性变化的微观损伤机理,对不同应力状态下镁合金MB2的失效破坏行为做出了合理解释。     

基于应力三轴度和罗德参数的6061和7075铝合金材料断裂失效分析

分别对6061铝合金和7075铝合金材料的缺口圆棒试件和凹槽平板试件进行准静态拉伸试验,并采用ABAQUS软件对拉伸过程进行数值模拟。模拟结果与试验测试结果吻合很好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。通过有限元模拟,分别给出了不同试件的应力三轴度和罗德参数随等效塑性应变的变化曲线以及两种材料的失效轨迹,并对它们进行了分析讨论。结果表明:形状相同、材料性质不同的试件,应力三轴度的演化规律不同;材料的失效应变受应力三轴度和罗德参数的影响,并且不同性质的材料对罗德参数的敏感性不同。     

考虑水化学损伤的岩石真三轴蠕变本构模型

为了准确描述岩石在酸性环境下真三轴蠕变行为的各阶段特征,基于水岩作用的化学动力学理论,定义了考虑PH值与时间的化学损伤因子,将弹性体,非线性Kelvin体,线性Kelvin体和黏弹塑性体进行串联,并考虑岩石在真三轴应力作用下的实际情况,建立岩石酸腐与真三轴应力耦合作用下的损伤蠕变本构模型,通过已有的蠕变试验数据对该模型进行参数辨识与验证,并通过数据拟合得到岩石在真三轴应力下的屈服面方程,探讨中间主应力对蠕变模型的影响.结果表明,推导的本构模型能很好地描述岩石在酸腐作用下真三轴蠕变行为的各阶段特性,验证了其合理性与准确性.     

考虑应力三轴度影响的30CrMnSiNi2A钢韧性断裂研究

30CrMnSiNi2A钢是一种在军工领域应用广泛的低合金高强度钢。针对结构完整性的评估问题,采用试验和数值计算结合的方法研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢的韧性断裂特性。对光滑圆棒试件在不同温度下进行准静态和动态拉伸试验,并通过有限元迭代方法标定了材料的Johnson-Cook动态本构模型参数,分析了温度和应变率对30CrMnSiNi2A钢断裂行为的影响。开展了缺口圆棒拉伸、缺口平板剪切和圆柱压缩试验,计算了各试件对应的平均应力三轴度和断裂应变,给出了应力三轴度在?1/3～1.5区间内的断裂应变变化曲线,分别确定了Johnson-Cook和Bao-Wierzbicki失效模型参数。研究表明,30CrMnSiNi2A钢的断裂应变与应力状态密切相关,且在不同的应力三轴度区间内曲线单调性差异较大,Bao-Wierzbicki失效模型较好地描述了这种钢在不同应力状态下的断裂特性。     

A microscopic damage model considering the change of void shape and application in the void closing

A microscopic damage model of ellipsoidal body containing ellipsoidal void for nonlinear matrix materials is developed under a particular coordinate. The change of void shape is considered in this model. The viscous restrained equation obtained from the model is affected by stress ∑_(ij), void volume fraction f, material strain rate exponent m as well as the void shape. Gurson's equation is modified from the numerical solution. The modified equation is suitable for the case of nonlinear matrix materials and changeable voids. Lastly, the model is used to analyze the closing process of voids.     

金属材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流动特性及本构模型

工程应用中,金属材料和结构往往处于复杂应力状态。材料的塑性行为会受到应力状态的影响,要精确描述材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流动行为,必须在本构模型中考虑应力状态效应的影响。然而,由于在动态加载下材料的应变率效应和应力状态效应相互耦合、难以分离,给应力状态效应的研究和模型的建立造成很大困难。通过对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金材料开展不同加载条件下的力学性能测试,提出了一个包含应力三轴度和罗德角参数影响的新型本构模型,并通过VUMAT用户子程序嵌入ABAQUS/Explicit软件。分别采用新提出的塑性模型和Johnson-Cook模型对压剪复合试样的动态实验进行了数值模拟。结果表明,新模型不仅在对材料本构曲线的拟合方面具有较强的优势,而且由该模型所得到的透射脉冲和载荷-位移曲线均更加准确。因此,该模型能够更精确地描述和预测金属材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流变行为。

     

A NEW MODEL OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

A new constitutive model of shape memory alloys ( SMAs) based on Tanaka ' s martensite fraction exponential expression is produced. This new model can present recoverable shape memory strain during different phase transformation, and reflect the action of martensite reorientation . Also it can overcome the defect of Tanaka ' s Model when the SMAs ' microstructure is fully martensite . The model is very simple and suitable for using , and the correct behavior of the model is proved by test.     

Theoretical study of void closure in nonlinear plastic materials

Void closing from a spherical shape to a crack is investigated quantitatively in the present study. The constitutive relation of the Void-free matrix is assumed to obey the Norton power law. A representative volume element （RVE） which includes matrix and void is employed and a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is developed to study the deformation-rates of a spherical void and a penny-shaped crack. Based on an approximate interpolation scheme, an analytical model for void closure in nonlinear plastic materials is established. It is found that the local plastic flows of the matrix material are the main mechanism of void deformation. It is also shown that the relative void volume during the deformation depends on the Norton exponent, on the far-field stress triaxiality, as well as on the far-field effective strain. The predictions of void closure using the present model are compared with the corresponding results in the literature, showing good agreement. The model for void closure provides a novel way for process design and optimization in terms of elimination of voids in billets because the model for void closure can easily be applied in the CAE analysis.     

A physical model for nucleation and early growth of voids in ductile materials under dynamic loading

Spall fracture and other rapid tensile failures in ductile materials are often dominated by the rapid growth of voids. Recent research on the mechanics of void growth clearly shows that void nucleation may be represented as a bifurcation phenomenon, wherein a void forms spontaneously followed by highly localized plastic flow around the new void. Although thermal, viscoplastic, and work hardening effects all play an essential role in the earliest stages of nucleation and growth, the flow becomes dominated by spherical radial inertia, which soon causes all voids to grow asymptotically at the same rate, regardless of differences in initial conditions or constitutive details, provided only that there is the same density of matrix material and the same excess loading history beyond the cavitation stress.These two facts, initiation by bifurcation at a cavitation stress, at which a void first appears, and rapid domination by inertia, are used to postulate a simple, but physically realistic, model for nucleation and early growth of voids in a ductile material under rapid tensile loading. A reasonable statistical distribution for the cavitation stress at various nucleation sites and a simple similarity solution for inertially dominated void growth permit a simple calculation of the initiation and early growth of porosity in the material.Parametric analyses are presented to show the effect that loading rate, peak loading stress, density of nucleation sites, physical properties of the material, etc. have on the applied pressure and distribution of void sizes when a critical porosity is reached.     

Study of the stress intensity factor of preformed V shape fracture tip

This paper gives the complex stress function of preformed V shape fracture under the blasting load. With Westergaard's method, the stress field and displacement field of preformed V shape fracture tip are derived, and hence its stress intensity factor is obtained. The blasting test result shows that the formulas derived are correct and effective.     

Coupling effects of void size and void shape on the growth of prolate ellipsoidal microvoid

The combined effects of void size and void shape on the void growth are studied by using the classical spectrum method. An infinite solid containing an isolated prolate spheroidal void is considered to depict the void shape effect and the Fleck-Hutchinson phenomenological strain gradient plasticity theory is employed to capture the size effects. It is found that the combined effects of void size and void shape are mainly controlled by the remote stress triaxiality. Based on this, a new size-dependent void growth model similar to the Rice-Tracey model is proposed and an important conclusion about the size-dependent void growth is drawn: the growth rate of the void with radius smaller than a critical radius r_c may be ignored. It is interesting that r_c is a material constant independent of the initial void shape and the remote stress triaxiality.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (A10102006) and the New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China. The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Geometrical shape of in-plane inclusion characterized by polynomial internal stress field under uniform eigenstrains

The internal stress field of an inhomogeneous or homogeneous inclusion in an infinite elastic plane under uniform stress-free eigenstrains is studied. The study is restricted to the inclusion shapes defined by the polynomial mapping functions mapping the exterior of the inclusion onto the exterior of a unit circle. The inclusion shapes, giving a polynomial internal stress field, are determined for three types of inclusions, i.e., an inhomogeneous inclusion with an elastic modulus different from the surrounding matrix, an inhomogeneous inclusion with the same shear modulus but a different Poisson’s ratio from the surrounding matrix, and a homogeneous inclusion with the same elastic modulus as the surrounding matrix. Examples are presented, and several specific conclusions are achieved for the relation between the degree of the polynomial internal stress field and the degree of the mapping function defining the inclusion shape.     

铝合金 2A12韧性断裂机制的实验研究

用轴对称圆棒静拉伸实验研究了铝合金2A12韧性断裂的特点,并探讨了临界空穴扩张比参数-VGC在实验材料上的适用性。实验测试了实验材料的拉伸特性参数及VGC参数。实验证实实验材料在不同应力状态下会发生断裂形式的转变,光滑试样表现为剪切破坏,而缺口试样为拉伸破坏,VGC参数对材料的断裂形式较为敏感。用SEM观测了试样断口显示缺口试样为空穴聚合型断裂机制。VGC参数只适用于以拉伸型断裂为主的缺口试样,对以剪切断裂为主的光滑拉伸试样不适用。