单纯随机抽样理论之我见

针对一般经济统计教材中普遍存在的关于单纯随机抽样过程中,不同抽样方法下样本方差的无偏性问题提出自己的见解.认为,抽样理论源于实践,重复抽样时有Nn个样本、不重复抽样时有CnN个样本是实际抽样调查工作中普遍采用的方式、方法,更是单纯随机抽样推断理论的源泉.在此基础上数学界将实际工作中各种可能始点的抽样方法赋予理性思考、研究,获得结论:无限制抽样和简单随机抽样条件下样本方差是总体方差的无偏估计量.     

非概率样本的模型推断

非概率抽样在大数据时代有广阔的应用空间,但其统计推断问题仍有待研究和发展.针对这一问题,提出利用基于模型的推断方法结合配额抽样实现非概率样本的统计推断,其思路是先设定线性回归形式的超总体模型,再利用配额样本观测数据拟合模型估计未知参数,进而利用模型对非观测单元进行预测,案例分析结果显示基于超总体模型的推断方法是解决非概率样本统计推断的有力途径,具有较大的深入研究价值.     

分层三阶段及以上抽样的自加权抽样设计

大型抽样调查总是采用分层多阶段抽样.分层多阶段抽样若采用自加权的抽样设计,则总体总量的估计量形式简单,易于计算.本文提出了分层三阶段及以上抽样的自加权抽样设计方法.     

单水平和多水平计数连续抽样检查程序与应用

国标《单水平和多水平计数连续抽样检查程序及表》(简称GB8052)适用于连续提交的在制品进行检查.例如对生产线或装卸线上的产品抽样检查.这种检查能及时发现问题,改进生产中的缺陷,对提高产品质量有促进作用.杭州轴承厂对滚动轴承内径工序实施本标准三个月,获得经济效益近万元.最近两年我们还在全省范围内举办了八期学习班,参加人数达六百人,产生了较好的社会影响.现将这个标准作一介绍,以供实际工作同志参考. 一、抽样检查的程序 国标GB8052共有三种类型的抽样方案,即CSP—1、CSP—2和CSP—T方案.它们的特点是全检和抽样检查交替使用…     

产品检验中的抽样个数

设某批产品 (总体 )的次品率为 p,对总体提出假设H0 :p≤ p0 ,　 H1:p >p1其中 0 相似文献   

正交表型均匀LH设计和抽样

本文提出了一种新的设计和抽样方法－正交表型均匀LH设计和抽样,证明了这种抽样空间是OALH抽样空间的优良子集。这种设计和抽样空间中所有样本都与初始设计具有同阶低偏差等一些优良性质。并将它用于数值积分,证明了对有关参数的估计的方差阶低于其他抽样。同时还给出了有关的模拟结果。     

Stein两阶段抽样问题中第一阶段最优抽样量研究

当精度和可靠度给定时，Stein（1945）提出了两阶段抽样方法，构造了同时满足一定可靠度与精度的区间估计．本文则利用数值计算方法，进一步给出了此两阶段抽样中最优的第一阶段抽样量．     

过抽样信号的恢复

本文根据傅立叶分析和重抽样理论讨论了关于过抽样信号恢复的处理方法 ,所提出的重抽样信号恢复平均法对于强噪音背景下弱信号的提取 ,其效果是比较明显的     

一种满足有效样本量固定的放回抽样方法

相比不放回抽样,放回抽样的实施比较简单,操作性强,但缺点在于单元可能被重复抽到,抽出的有效样本量小于等于样本量,不是固定的。本文应用逆抽样的原理,设计了一种放回抽样方法,满足有效样本量固定,并且估计量的性质优良。     

有错检验情况下抽样方案中的一个近似最优关系

杨继平．有错检验情况下抽样方案中的一个近似最优关系，数理统计与管理，１９９７，１６（１），３０～３４．本文给出并证明了在验收抽样检验中实际上存在误检概率ｐ，ｐ′的情况下，抽样方案中使决策损失最小的样本容量ｎ和合格判定数ｃ之间一个近似最优关系，该结论推广了文［４］中的一个结果     

混凝土构件检测样本容量的确定方法

混凝土构件检测时,一般采用百分比抽样的方式.以回弹法中对混凝土强度进行检测时采用百分比抽样的抽样方式为例,从绝对误差限和相对误差限的角度分析了不同构件总量均采用此方法抽取样本的不合理性,并提出在不同混凝土强度等级、不同构件总数的情况下,通过控制一定的误差限来确定样本数量的方法.通过理论和实例分析,提出在抽样过程中,采用分层抽样技术对检测构件进行合理分层,降低总体方差,可减少样本数量.这种方法也适用于其它检测问题的样本容量的确定.     

Stability of pure strategy sampling equilibria

The idea of procedurally rational players was introduced in [4]. Among other procedures, the sampling procedure was proposed. The resulting equilibrium was called a sampling equilibrium. Evolutionary approach to the notion of a sampling equilibrium was developed in [7], where some instability results were proved. Using the concept of first-order stochastic dominance, we introduce the notion of a superior strategy and prove a stability result. The paper was supported by the Polish Government Grant No. KBN 5P03A 025 20. Author wishes to thank an anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions.     

优良抽样设计下Logistic分布中参数的极大似然估计

当研究目标的实际测量具有不可修复的破坏性或耗资巨大时,有效的抽样设计将是一项重要的研究课题.在统计推断方面,排序集抽样(RSS)被视为一种比简单随机抽样(SRS)更为有效的收集数据的方式.动态极值RSS (MERSS)是一种修正的RSS.文章在SRS和MERSS下研究了Logistic分布中参数的极大似然估计(MLEs).在这两种抽样下证明了该分布中位置参数和刻度参数的MLEs的存在性和唯一性,并计算了所含参数的Fisher信息量和Fisher信息矩阵.比较了这两种抽样下对应估计的渐近效率.数值结果表明MERSS下的MLEs一致优于SRS下的MLEs.     

Estimation of the Common Mean of a Bivariate Normal Population

In this paper we discuss the problem of estimating the common mean of a bivariate normal population based on paired data as well as data on one of the marginals. Two double sampling schemes with the second stage sampling being either a simple random sampling (SRS) or a ranked set sampling (RSS) are considered. Two common mean estimators are proposed. It is found that under normality, the proposed RSS common mean estimator is always superior to the proposed SRS common mean estimator and other existing estimators such as the RSS regression estimator proposed by Yu and Lam (1997, Biometrics, 53, 1070–1080). The problem of estimating the mean Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of regular gasoline based on field and laboratory data is considered.     

Comparison of variance estimators for the ratio estimator based on small sample

1. Introduction and Main ResultsSuppose the population of interest consists of N distinct units labelled by 1,' f N.Associated with unit i are two values K and Xi, with Xi > 0 (i = 1,' t N). Denote thepopulation means of K and X, by Y and X respectively. To estimate Y, it is customaryto select a simple raPdom sample of size n and to use the ratio estimatNn = RX if Xis available, where R = y/x is an estimator for population ratio R = Y/X, y and x arerespectively the 8ample mean8 of…     

Automated rejection sampling from product of distributions

Summary  Sampling from probability density functions (pdfs) has become more and more important in many areas of applied science, and has therefore been the subject of great attention. Many sampling procedures proposed allow for approximate or asymptotic sampling. On the other hand, very few methods allow for exact sampling. Direct sampling of standard pdfs is feasible, but sampling of much more complicated pdfs is often required. Rejection sampling allows to exactly sample from univariate pdfs, but has the huge drawback of needing a case-by-case calculation of a comparison function that often reveals as a tremendous chore, whose results dramatically affect the efficiency of the sampling procedure. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to a pdf that is proportional to a product of standard distributions. From there, we show that an automated selection of both the comparison function and the upper bound is possible. Moreover, this choice is performed in order to optimize the sampling efficiency among a range of potential solutions. Finally, the method is illustrated on a few examples.     

Characterization of local sampling sequences for spline subspaces

The sampling theorem is one of the most powerful tools in signal analysis. It says that to recover a function in certain function spaces, it suffices to know the values of the function on a sequence of points. Most of known results, e.g., regular and irregular sampling theorems for band-limited functions, concern global sampling. That is, to recover a function at a point or on an interval, we have to know all the samples which are usually infinitely many. On the other hand, local sampling, which invokes only finite samples to reconstruct a function on a bounded interval, is practically useful since we need only to consider a function on a bounded interval in many cases and computers can process only finite samples. In this paper, we give a characterization of local sampling sequences for spline subspaces, which is equivalent to the celebrated Schönberg-Whitney Theorem and is easy to verify. As applications, we give several local sampling theorems on spline subspaces, which generalize and improve some known results.     

优良抽样设计下总体均值的比率估计

当研究目标的实际测量具有不可修复的破坏性或耗资巨大时,有效的抽样设计将是一项重要的研究课题.在统计推断方面,排序集抽样被视为一种更为有效的收集数据的方式.极值排序集抽样(ERSS)是一种改进的排序集抽样.文章在ERSS下研究了总体均值的比率估计.以正态分布为例,比较了简单随机抽样和ERSS下比率估计的相对效率.数值结果表明ERSS下的比率估计优于简单随机抽样下的比率估计.     

大数据背景下的抽样调查

大数据具有体量大、种类丰富、增长速度快等特点,同时也存在价值密度低、代表性差等问题,为抽样调查带来了机遇与挑战.大数据背景下的抽样如何适应新的变化、具有怎样的发展和应用?文章从三个角度进行了讨论.一是在数据流环境下产生了一些适应性强的新型抽样方法,能够高效、准确地获得有代表性样本,并兼顾存储空间、处理的时间与能力.二是...