土壤中铜元素的激光诱导击穿光谱测量分析

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器(1064nm)作为光源,以高分辨率、宽光谱段的中阶梯光栅光谱仪和ICCD为谱线分离与探测器件,测量并分析了土壤中铜元素激光诱导击穿光谱特性。以铜的327.396nm特征谱线作为分析线,在同一浓度下,固定探测器门宽,通过调节延迟时间,得到铜元素的衰变特性,确定了铜元素的最佳延迟时间为1.1μs。测定不同铜浓度下的特征谱线强度,表明在低浓度下,谱线强度随浓度的增加而增大。文章给出了铜元素的定标曲线,并计算得到铜元素的检测限为13.36μg·g-1。     

土壤中砷元素的激光诱导击穿光谱测量分析

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为光源,在实验室自然大气环境下诱导产生国家标准土壤的激光等离子体,选取砷的228.8 nm特征谱线作为分析线,测量并分析了砷元素的激光诱导击穿光谱特性。在相同含量和积分时间条件下,调节延迟时间,获取了砷元素的时间演化特性。确定砷元素的最佳延迟时间为1 s,积分时间为2 s。测定不同含量下,砷的特征谱线强度,给出砷元素的定标曲线,并计算得到砷元素的检测限为45 mg/kg。     

八字门滑坡滑带土壤的激光击穿光谱探测

利用搭建的一套激光击穿光谱测量土壤样品的实验系统,对三峡坝区香溪河段八字门滑坡滑带土壤进行了探测研究。在同一纬度不同海拔高度选取了5个地点采取了土壤样品,对5个样品进行了实验测量,得到了这些土壤样品的光谱图,并对其中的Mg,Al,Si,K等元素进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,这些元素随着海拔的降低,其含量也逐渐降低。     

八字门滑坡滑带土壤的激光击穿光谱探测

 利用搭建的一套激光击穿光谱测量土壤样品的实验系统,对三峡坝区香溪河段八字门滑坡滑带土壤进行了探测研究。在同一纬度不同海拔高度选取了5个地点采取了土壤样品,对5个样品进行了实验测量,得到了这些土壤样品的光谱图,并对其中的Mg,Al,Si,K等元素进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,这些元素随着海拔的降低,其含量也逐渐降低。     

土壤重金属铬元素的激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析研究

利用Nd ∶YAG脉冲激光器(波长:1064 nm)作为光源,在实验室自然大气环境下诱导产生土壤激光等离子体,通过等离子体原子发射光谱法定量分析了国家标准土壤样品中元素Cr的含量.实验上研究了在最佳实验条件下土壤中Cr的LIBS分析谱线,测定了Cr元素的定标曲线.实验结果表明,Cr元素浓度在(60—400)×10^-6范围内,元素含量与光谱线强度之间有较好的线性关系;元素Cr浓度分析测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.89%,定量分析结果与标准值的相对偏差为5.3%,Cr元素的检测限为1 关键词： 土壤污染 定量分析 激光诱导击穿光谱 定标曲线     

用激光诱导击穿光谱技术定量分析土壤中Ba和Sr

利用激光诱导击穿光谱(laser induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)技术检测土壤标准样品中Ba和Sr的含量,用光纤光谱仪探测等离子体冷却过程中的发射谱线,选取BaⅡ455.41nm和SrⅠ460.73nm特征谱线为分析线。为了减小误差,采用Lorenizian函数进行光谱轮廓曲线拟合对数据预处理,提取光谱净强度值。选择多元素谱线强度和作为内标,根据分析线与内标线强度值之比建立定标曲线,Ba和Sr含量与其强度比的线性系数分别达到0.990 0和0.990 6,采用这种强度比定标法对Ba和Sr的含量进行反演,测定Ba和Sr含量值与标准值的相对偏差分别为5.7%和5.1%。     

应用激光诱导击穿光谱检测土壤中的铅

应用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对模拟土壤中Pb进行快速定量分析。该模拟土壤由PbCl₂,CaCO₃,SiO₂,KBr化学纯试剂制备而成。通过实验得到信噪比随延时的增大呈先增后减的变化规律。利用实验光谱图建立了Pb含量的定标曲线。定量分析研究得到：该方法用于Pb含量定量分析的平均相对误差为8.33%,最低检测限为89μg/g。实验结果验证了激光诱导击穿光谱技术用于土壤中Pb含量测量的能力。     

Correction and analysis of lead content in soil by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is used to analyze the lead content in soils. The analyzed spectral line profile is fitted by Lorentzian function for determining the background and the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） intensity of spectral line. A self-absorption correction model based on the information of spectral broadening is introduced to calculate the true value of spectral line intensity, which refers to the elemental concentration. The results show that the background intensity obtained by spectral profile fitting is very effective and important due to removing the interference of spectral broadening, and a better precision of calibration analysis is acquired by correcting the self-absorption effect.     

溶液中金属元素的激光诱导击穿光谱

利用激光击穿光谱的方法对水溶液样品中的金属元素进行定性和定量分析。分别采用竖直喷流（口径0.5 mm）和静止液面两种样品采样模式,针对不同质量浓度的Cd,Fe,Al和Pb元素进行了检测分析并得到了其定标曲线(线性拟合相关度基本在0.99以上),初步确定了４种元素在喷流模式下的检测限为0.206 5(Cd),0.147 6(Fe),0.061 9(Al)和0.200 9(Pb) g/L;静止液面模式下的检测限为0.050 1(Cd),0.023 9(Fe),0.014 8(Al)和0.006 9(Pb) g/L。实验所得的结果为检测工业废水中金属元素的含量提供了依据。     

Spectroscopic characterization of aluminum plasma using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

A detailed investigation of aluminum plasma induced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in air was performed. The emission of spectral lines arising from Al I transition at 396.07 nm, Al II transition at 358.46 nm, Al III transition at 360.72 nm and Al IV transition at 363.05 nm were well-resolved. The plasma parameters including electron temperature and electron density were determined through the Boltzmann plot method using the emission line intensities of the same ionized stages of aluminum atoms and the Stark-broadening profiles of Al II emission line, respectively. The temporal evolutions of the spectral lines belonging to atomic and ionic aluminum elements and the plasma parameters were investigated at three different laser pulse energies. Moreover, the validity of local thermodynamic equilibrium was elucidated in our experimental condition.     

Strong emission from nano-iron using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique

In this paper, we report a strong enhanced emission from laser produced plasma in air from iron oxide nano-material in comparison with the corresponding bulk samples. The enhancement strength differs with different Nd:YAG laser harmonics wavelengths. The analysis showed that such enhancement increased exponentially with the plasma evolution time, while it declines as the laser fluence increased. Experimental data analysis clearly showed that the observed enhancement is mainly associated with the change in the plasma electron density. We claim that this strong enhanced optical emission from laser produced plasma is due to the surface plasmon resonant excitation preferably on nano-oxide materials. Such experimental findings could improve the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy sensitivity down to extremely low concentrations.     

Classification of recyclables using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for waste management

With the ever-increasing amount of generated waste governments around the world are looking for, and implementing, ways to minimize waste output and maximize waste recovery. The main difficulties are sorting waste items, identifying the different types of plastics, and the time taken to sort them manually. Bioplastics such as polylactic acid and Novatein thermoplastic protein can be incorporated into the recycling stream to minimize waste. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra analyzed by k-nearest neighbor and soft independent modeling by class analogy were investigated as methods that can rapidly identify recyclables. Raw, peak normalized, and total intensity normalized spectra were used to identify which would improve classification. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra were generated by single laser shots to different locations on nine samples, glass (brown, green, and clear), tin, aluminum, polylactic acid, Novatein, polyethylene terephthalate, and high-density polyethylene. To prove that the system has the potential to be used on a waste sorting stream an autofocus unit was developed to move the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy beam into focus on the different sample geometries. Two classification methods were investigated, soft independent modeling by class analogy and the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. k-Nearest neighbors on raw spectra produced the best results. Discrimination between bioplastics and plastics were 100%. Glass samples could not be reliably distinguished from each other. Surface contamination produced three misclassifications from 450 spectra. Similar results were obtained when the spectral range was reduced from 182.26–908.07?nm to 313.20–495.12?nm.     

Trace pollutants analysis in soil by a time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique

The results of a joint experiment of IFAM-Pisa and ENEA-Frascati for the detection of traces of pollutants in soil by a time-resolved laser-induced spectroscopy technique are reported. Using samples of soil with known pollutants' concentration [Geochemical Exploration Reference (GXR) silicate from US Geological Survey], we were able to estimate the sensitivity of this Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to be of the order of some parts per million for a vast class of metallic pollutants, including extremely dangerous soil pollutants such as copper, lead and chromium.ENEA guest with HC&M fellowship     

A calibration-free model for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using non-gated detectors

Calibration-free (CF) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is normally only applicable for gated detectors due to its dependence on the assumption of a steady-state plasma. However, most currently available LIBS systems are equipped with non-gated detectors such as charge-coupled device (CCD), which degrades the accuracy of CF method. In this paper, the reason for the less satisfactory quantification performance of CF for LIBS with non-gated detectors was clarified and a time-integration calibration-free (TICF) model was proposed for applications with non-gated detectors. It was based on an assumed temporal profile of plasma properties, including temperature and electron density, obtained from another pre-experiment. The line intensity at different time during the signal collection time window was estimated with self-absorption correction according to the temporal profile of the plasma properties. The proposed model was validated on titanium alloys and compared with traditional CF. The accuracy of elemental concentration measurement was improved significantly: the average relative error of aluminum and vanadium decreased from 6.07% and 22.34% to 2.01% and 1.92%, respectively. The quantification results showed that TICF method was able to extend the applicability of CF to LIBS with non-gated detectors.     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术及应用研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术是一种基于原子发射光谱学的元素定性、定量检测手段。本文介绍了LIBS技术的原理、应用方式、检测元素种类及检测极限;综述了该项技术在固体、液体、气体组分检测方面的技术发展,以及在环境检测、食品安全、生物医药、材料、军事、太空领域的应用进展。最后,提出了高功率、高稳定的激光光源和准确的定量分析方法是LIBS技术目前所面临的问题和挑战。     

Biomedical and environmental applicationsof laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique with numerous advantages such as rapidity, multi-elemental analysis, minimal sample preparation, minimal destruction, low cost and versatility of being applied to a wide range of materials. In this paper, we report the preliminary observations we obtained using LIBS for clinical and environmental samples. Elemental analysis has been done qualitatively in human teeth samples which show encouraging results. It has also been demonstrated in this paper that LIBS can be very well utilized in field applications such as plastic waste sorting and recycling.     

Analysis of alumina-based titanium carbide composites by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

In this work, alumina (Al₂O₃) containing different volume % of titanium carbide (TiC) ranging from 0 to 30 were consolidated by the novel spark plasma sintering. The spectroscopic analysis of the plasma generated by irradiation of laser Nd:YAG (λ = 1,064 nm) on different concentrations of the composites in air atmospheric pressure was performed. The qualitative examination of the composites confirms the presence of aluminum, titanium, and carbon as major elements, while magnesium and sodium have been found as minor trace elements. Plasma parameters were estimated by assuming the LTE conditions for optically thin plasma. The electron density and temperature were evaluated by using the Stark broadening and intensity of selected aluminum emission lines, respectively. The addition of TiC to Al₂O₃ shows a linear behavior with plasma temperature corroborated by the calibration curve of Ti in the composites. The results suggest that calibration curve between plasma temperature and the composites can be used to estimate different concentrations of TiC in Al₂O₃ without analyzing the whole elements in the composites and thus opens up new applications of LIBS in ceramic industry.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术定量分析食用明胶中的铬元素

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对食用明胶样品中的铬元素进行定量分析.采用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器三倍频输出的355 nm激光诱导击穿食用明胶产生激光等离子体,测量等离子发射光谱.实验数据表明:使用内标法定量分析食用明胶样品中铬元素浓度分别为10—200 ppm(1 ppm=10-6)时,铬元素含量与分析谱线(CrI:245.43 nm)强度之间具有很好的线性关系.分析了光谱探测延迟时间对明胶中铬元素激光诱导击穿光谱的影响,利用信号强度与信噪比获得了优化的光谱探测延迟时间实验参数.