共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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由于均匀带电球面上的电场强度无法用高斯定理求出,现行大部分大学物理基础教材在讨论均匀带电球面产生的场强分布时,只用高斯定理求出了该带电系统内外空间电场的分布,并没有给出球面上场强的计算方法,只是指出在球面上场强值不连续.文章利用叠加原理和电容器能量的变化两种方法分别导出了均匀带电球面上任一点的场强值,验证了均匀带电球面的场强是不连续的,两种方法思路截然不同,但得到的结果完全相同,该结果使得高斯定理求出的均匀带电球面在空间电场分布的结论更加完整. 相似文献
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利用点电荷的电势和电势叠加原理, 得到了均匀带电矩形线圈空间电势分布的表达式; 再根据场强与
电势梯度的关系, 推导出均匀带电矩形线圈空间电场分布的表达式 相似文献
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从各向异性电介质中点电荷的电势表达式出发,采取分段计算叠加的方法,首先计算了各向异性电介质中均匀带电矩形线框的空间电势.然后,利用电场强度与电势梯度的关系,导出了各向异性电介质中均匀带电矩形线框电场强度的空间分布表达式.最后,对方形均匀带电线框和中心轴线上的特殊情形进行了简单说明. 相似文献
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导出了包围有接地导体球的带电导体球壳与地组成的静电系统的精确解.证明在该系统中,不管球壳与地之间的距离如何,电行在地面产生的电势与在无限远产生的电势总是相等.指出不精确解会导致无限远与大地的电势不相等的错误结论. 相似文献
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Yu-Tian Shen 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):56801-056801
Interactions between water and solid substrates are of fundamental importance to various processes in nature and industry. Electric control is widely used to modify interfacial water, where the influence of surface charges is inevitable. Here we obtain positively and negatively charged surfaces using LiTaO3 crystals and observe that a large net surface charge up to 0.1 C/m2 can nominally change the contact angles of pure water droplets comparing to the same uncharged surface. However, even a small amount of surface charge can efficiently increase the water contact angle in the presence of aerosols. Our results indicate that such surface charges can hardly affect the structure of interfacial water molecular layers and the morphology of the macroscopic droplet, while adsorption of a small amount of organic contaminants from aerosols with the help of Coulomb attraction can notably decrease the wettability of solid surface. Our results not only provide a fundamental understanding of the interactions between charged surfaces and water, but also help to develop new techniques on electric control of wettability and microfluidics in real aerosol environments. 相似文献
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Numerical computations of the potential profiles are performed for the space charge region of semiconductors with a spherical nonparabolic conduction band at a high electric field externally applied to the surface. For the obtained potential profiles, the energy spectrum in the surface region was calculated for an electron moving perpendicularly to the surface (field emitted electron). To perform this calculation, a special iterative procedure was developed to compute the complex eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian with an arbitrary potential. 相似文献
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We use a novel method to calculate in closed form the Coulomb electrostatic potential created by a uniformly charged cube at an arbitrary point in space. We apply a suitable transformation of variables that allows us to obtain a simple presentation of the electrostatic potential in one-dimensional integral form. The final concise closed form expression of the Coulomb electrostatic potential of the uniformly charged cube is obtained after completing the calculation of the resulting one-dimensional integrals. Such integrals consist of combinations of products of error functions and power functions that can be solved exactly despite their intimidating appearance. The exact analytic formula for the Coulomb electrostatic potential that we derive reflects the symmetry of the cube and is easy to implement. We illustrate its use by calculating the exact values of the electrostatic potential at some points of symmetry such as the center of cube, center of face of cube, center of edge of cube and corner of cube. 相似文献
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简要描述了慢速(v<vBohr)高电荷态离子与表面相互作用过程中的电子、光子发射过程.介绍了用于高电荷态离子与表面作用实验研究的目前兰州近物所的实验装置和取得的一些初步实验结果. 相似文献