前缘曲率对三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的影响研究

三维边界层感受性问题是三维边界层层流向湍流转捩的初始阶段,是实现三维边界层转捩预测与控制的关键环节.在高湍流度的环境下,非定常横流模态的失稳是导致三维边界层流动转捩的主要原因;但是,前缘曲率对三维边界层感受性机制作用的研究也是十分重要的课题之一.因此,本文采用直接数值模拟方法研究在自由来流湍流作用下具有不同椭圆形前缘三维（后掠翼平板）边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的感受性机制;揭示不同椭圆形前缘曲率对三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的扰动波波包传播速度、传播方向、分布规律、感受性系数以及分别提取获得一组扰动波的幅值、色散关系和增长率等关键因素的影响;建立在不同椭圆形前缘曲率情况下,三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的感受性问题与自由来流湍流的强度和运动方向变化之间的内在联系;详细分析了不同强度各向异性的自由来流湍流在激发三维边界层感受性机制的物理过程中起着何种作用等.通过上述研究将有益于拓展和完善流动稳定性理论,为三维边界层内层流向湍流转捩的预测与控制提供依据.     

孔型阻尼密封非定常气流激振特性的研究

采用自编理想气体两控制容积bulk flow计算程序及非定常数值求解方法,对孔型阻尼密封内的非定常气流激振特性开展了研究。利用实验测量得到的孔型阻尼密封转子动力特性系数,对两种两控制容积bulk flow方法、3种湍流模型的计算精度进行了考核。研究表明:本文的理想气体两控制容积bulk flow计算程序预测精度与等温bulk flow程序ISOTSEAL相近;非定常数值求解结果比bulk flow方法预测的结果更接近实验值;阻尼密封内湍流效应比较显著,但温度变化十分微弱,采用合理的湍流模型是提高孔型阻尼密封转子动力特性系数非定常求解精度的有效方法。     

三维边界层内诱导横流失稳模态的感受性机理

边界层感受性问题是层流向湍流转捩的初始阶段,在转捩过程中起关键性作用,尤其是三维边界层流动.因此,研究三维边界层感受性问题对进一步理解层流向湍流转捩机理以及湍流成因具有重要的理论意义.采用数值方法研究自由来流湍流与三维壁面局部粗糙相互作用下三维边界层的感受性问题,确定是否能在三维边界层内寻找一种新的横流失稳模态;确定在何种条件下三维边界层内能诱导出定常、非定常的横流失稳模态;探索自由来流湍流的强度、展向波数和法向波数以及三维壁面局部粗糙的大小和结构类型等因素在自由来流湍流与三维壁面局部粗糙作用下三维边界层内被激发出的感受性过程中有何影响,并确定何种横流失稳模态在三维边界层感受性过程中占据何种地位.对自由来流湍流与三维壁面局部粗糙作用激发三维边界层内感受性问题的深入研究,将有助于完善流动稳定性与湍流理论,为层流向湍流转捩过程的预测与控制提供合理的理论依据.     

基于滑移网格与RNG湍流模型计算泵内的动静干扰

本文利用三维Navier-Stockes方程和RNG湍流模型,在转动与静止部件间采用滑移网格技术建立交互界面,对泵内动静干扰引起的三维非定常湍流进行了计算,得到了旋转叶轮与固定导叶间流体的湍流特征。从计算结果可知,静叶与动叶间各点的压力脉动频率成分一致,且幅值沿周向呈正弦变化规律。这说明利用滑移网格技术及RNG湍流模型,可以模拟三维非定常动静干扰流动问题。     

最小二乘有限元法求解非定常应力的Navier-Stokes方程

为精确求解非定常层流问题,发展一种非定常速度-应力-压力的方法.采用牛顿法对非线性对流项进行线性化处理和预处理共轭梯度法,实现了非定常应力形式Navier-Stokes方程的求解.方腔层流流动比较发现,非定常应力形式比涡量形式与试验结果更加吻合,精度更高.该方法有效地解决亚格子应力项的问题,实现基于最小二乘有限元法的湍流求解.比较方腔湍流流动的试验与仿真结果,证明本文的方法具有可行性,为湍流大涡模拟计算打下基础.     

三种湍流模式数值模拟直角弯管内三维分离流动的比较

采用有限体积法数值离散雷诺时均Navier Stokes方程,模拟了方形截面90°大曲率弯曲管道内的三维湍流流动.用3种湍流模式(标准k-ε湍流模式、RNG k-ε湍流模式、Realizable k-ε湍流模式)求解该问题.给出了数学模型和计算结果,并与实验数据进行了比较.结果表明,采用RNG k-ε湍流模式并结合两层壁面模型的处理,能有效准确地求解强曲率影响的管道内及近壁区湍流的流动.     

叶栅内定常及非定常粘性流动数值模拟

本文给出了一个模拟叶栅内准三维定常和非定常粘性流动的数值方法。对于定常流动,采用ＴＶＤ Ｌａｘ－Ｗｅｎｄｒｏｆｆ格式和代数湍流模型求解雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,使用当地时间步长和多网格技术使计算加速收敛到定常状态;对于非定常流动,使用双时间步长和全隐式离散,采用与求解定常流动相似的多网格方法求解隐式离散方程。文中给出了ＶＫＩ透平叶栅内的定常流结果和１．５级透平叶栅内的非定常数值结果。     

6110柴油机进气过程流动的多维瞬态数值模拟研究

柴油机进气过程中气体流动是强瞬变的非定常三维湍流运动,直接影响到充气效率、缸内气流状态及进气道和缸内壁面换热,因而也影响到燃油雾化、燃烧及有害废气生成等,对柴油机的动力性、经济性起着重要作用。因此,本文利用大型通用CFD软件STAR-CD及ES-ICE对6110柴油机进气过程的气体流动进行多维瞬态数值模拟研究,通过计算可以得到不同时刻进气道和缸内流场分布,为柴油机进气系统的优化设计提供重要的理论依据。     

轴流式模型水轮机压力脉动试验与数值计算预测

本文将利用RNG κ-ε湍流模型对轴流式模型水轮机进行了全流道三维非定常湍流计算,预测模型水轮机的压力脉动性能.同时,本文对轴流式模型水轮机进行了压力脉动试验,通过对模型水轮机压力脉动试验结果与数值计算结果的对比,以验证数值计算预测压力脉动性能的准确性和可行性.     

向混沌过渡的过程

流体动力学系统经常呈现出一种极其复杂和显而易见的湍流模型,图1显示了这种类型的流动模式.湍流是如此瞬时即变,以至描述流体的任何量的局部测量,例如速度的一个分量,必然呈现出极其混沌的性质.然而,这里也有一种内在的规律性,基于这种规律性,这种运动可以被解析成巨大的旋涡系列,大的旋涡由小的旋涡组成,如此等等.(图1)**了解湍流的一种方法是提出湍流是如何产生的问题.如果把一个物体放在流动着的一种流体中,例如立于河流中的一个桥墩,那末对于很小的速率(图2a),流体以一种有规则的并以与时间无关的模式流动,这种模式称之为层流[1]。当速…     

A velocity-estimation subgrid model constrained by subgrid scale dissipation

Purely dissipative eddy-viscosity subgrid models have proven very successful in large-eddy simulations (LES) at moderate resolution. Simulations at coarse resolutions where the underlying assumption of small-scale universality is not valid, warrant more advanced models. However, non-eddy viscosity models are often unstable due to the lack of sufficient dissipation. This paper proposes a simple modeling approach which incorporates the dissipative nature of existing eddy viscosity models into more physically appealing non-eddy viscosity SGS models. The key idea is to impose the SGS dissipation of the eddy viscosity model as a constraint on the non-eddy viscosity model when determining the coefficients in the non-eddy viscosity model. We propose a new subgrid scale model (RSEM), which is based on estimation of the unresolved velocity field. RSEM is developed in physical space and does not require the use of finer grids to estimate the subgrid velocity field. The model coefficient is determined such that total SGS dissipation matches that from a target SGS model in the mean or least-squares sense. The dynamic Smagorinsky model is used to provide the target dissipation. Results are shown for LES of decaying isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flow. For isotropic turbulence, RSEM displays some level of backward dissipation, while yielding as good results as the dynamic Smagorinsky model. For channel flow, the results from RSEM are better than those from the dynamic Smagorinsky model for both statistics and instantaneous flow structures.     

Proposed stochastic parameterisations of subgrid turbulence in large eddy simulations of turbulent channel flow

Stochastic and deterministic subgrid parameterisations are developed for the large eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent channel flow with friction-velocity-based Reynolds number of Re_τ = 950 and centreline-based Reynolds number of Re₀ = 20,580. The subgrid model coefficients (eddy viscosities) are determined from the statistics of truncated reference direct numerical simulations (DNSs). The stochastic subgrid model consists of a mean-field shift, a drain eddy viscosity acting on the resolved field and a stochastic backscatter force of variance proportional to the backscatter eddy viscosity. The deterministic variant consists of a net eddy viscosity acting on the resolved field, which represents the net effect of the drain and backscatter. LES adopting the stochastic and deterministic models is shown to reproduce the time-averaged kinetic energy spectra of the DNS within the resolved scales.     

双大涡模拟方法模拟提升管内气固两相流动

基于Smagorinsky涡黏模型以及颗粒动理学理论,建立了气固两相流双大涡模拟模型。考虑大涡模拟中过滤尺度的影响,给出颗粒相亚格子压力和热传导系数计算模型。考虑颗粒聚团对两相作用的影响,给出了考虑颗粒聚团作用的气固两相多尺度曳力系数模型。数值模拟了提升管内气固两相流动特性,合理地预测出了提升管内气固两相环-核流动结构。模拟结果与Knowlton等实测结果相吻合。     

Direct evaluation of the subgrid scale scalar flux in turbulent premixed flames with conditioned dual-plane stereo PIV

With the dual-plane stereo PIV technique the instantaneous three-dimensional resolved rate-of-strain tensor is directly measured in turbulent premixed flames. Simultaneously, also the instantaneous subgrid scale (SGS) scalar flux is measured with fine resolution, where for the latter term the conditioned particle image velocimetry (CPIV) technique is applied. The subgrid resolution reaches 118 μm, allowing a 9 × 9 resolution of a subgrid filter with width Δ = 1 mm. This combined measurement approach allows the a-priori comparison of models for the SGS scalar flux term with direct measurements which is important for large eddy simulation methods in turbulent premixed flames. Two different flame conditions of a premixed V-shaped turbulent flame are investigated where the turbulence intensity is varied by a factor of nearly three. The instantaneous radial and axial SGS fluxes are compared with the following three models: gradient model with Smagorinsky approach for the turbulent viscosity, Clark model, and extended gradient model with an anisotropy term. None of these models shows a good correlation with the directly measured flux. The anisotropy term alone (being nearly similar to the Clark model) shows, however, a right trend behaviour. An analysis of the data indicates a significant dependency of the experimentally determined SGS flux on the Favre averaged reaction progress (spatially averaged over the SGS area). A relatively simple closure for the SGS flux, which describes the dilatation due to the gasdynamic expansion, and which is a function proportional to , shows a rather good correlation with direct measurement for some of the components. A successful SGS scalar flux model for premixed turbulent flames most likely needs to include at least two different effects.     

新型大涡数值模拟亚格子模型及应用

基于湍流大小尺度间动量输运的结构函数方程，提出了一种新的湍流大涡模型(LES)亚格子涡粘模式．新亚格子涡粘系数正比于纵向速度增量的扭率，它表征大小尺度湍流间的能量输运和耗散之比．新模式通过各向同性湍流直接数值模拟数据库的检验，并用于槽道湍流的大涡模拟计算，将所得结果与DNS结果进行了比较．     

模型加力燃烧室燃烧流场的并行计算

本文采用基于MPI的并行算法,采用动态内存分配、分区算法和多点重合交错网格系统,在贴体网格下对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室素流化学反应流场进行数值模拟,湍流模型采用k方程亚网格尺度模型,燃烧模型采用亚网格EBU模型,采用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。计算结果表明并行计算对复杂形状的化学反应流动计算效率很高,是模拟大规模的燃烧问题的有力工具。     

基于大涡模拟的移动粒子半隐式算法

移动粒子半隐式方法(MPS)是一种粒子方法,多用于模拟带有自由表面的不可压缩流动。工程实际中的自由表面流动往往是复杂的湍流流动,本文借鉴网格类方法的亚格子应力模型发展了基于Smagorinsky模型的亚粒子应力模型,并将其耦合到MPS方法中,实现了基于大涡模拟的MPS方法并用于研究自由表面湍流问题。为了提高计算的准确性和稳定性,SPS模型中出现的一阶导数项采用最小二乘法拟合得到,SPS项采用显式算法进行计算。使用这一算法模拟了溃坝问题,结果表明,采用亚粒子应力模型的模拟结果与实验的吻合程度明显提高。     

Semi-analytical validation of a dynamic large-eddy simulation procedure for turbulent premixed flames via the G-equation

The performance of a dynamic subgrid model for the turbulent burning speed of a premixed flame is investigated for a series of idealized test cases where the flame front is wrinkled by a multiple-scale shear flow; a rigorous asymptotic subgrid model is also implemented for comparison. Explicit formulae for the flame wrinkled shape and turbulent speed are available to generate a reference database. The role of the subgrid wrinkling models is to achieve the same overall flame shape and propagation speed in a simulation where only the largest scales of the flow are explicitly accounted for. Very good results are obtained when the subgrid burning speed enhancement is estimated using the asymptotic subgrid model. On the other hand, the dynamic model attempts to exploit the scaling observable in the simulation to extrapolate the turbulent burning speed enhancement in the original system. The performance of this strategy is adequate for some regimes but poor for others; the source of the problem is traced back to the existence of a scaling transition that occurs as the flame propagating speed is adjusted during the large-eddy simulation. A modification to the scaling of the enhanced burning is implemented to account for the existence of the two distinct scaling ranges; it improves significantly the predictions of the dynamic model away from the transition, but results in the near-critical range remain predictably very poor compared with the rigorous asymptotic model results. These conclusions based on a priori performance for the reference steady data are confirmed by comparing unsteady large-eddy and direct simulations. Results based on rigorous mathematical tools are possible here because of the separation of length scales in the special class of idealized flow fields used in this study: their relevance to more realistic flows is also discussed.     

A mixed-time-scale low-Reynolds-number one-equation turbulence model

In this paper, a new low-Reynolds-number (LRN) one-equation turbulence model for eddy viscosity is proposed. A mixed time scale, representing a combination of three time scales: two time scales made of strain-rate parameter S and vorticity parameter Ω and the turbulent time scale k/?, is introduced into this model. The proposed model is derived from an LRN k?? two-equation model where the mixed time scale has been proved to be very effective for predicting local flows over complex terrains. In the transport equation of the model, the mixed time scale is included in the production and the dissipation terms. The new model is evaluated in channel flows at various Reynolds numbers, boundary layer flows with or without pressure gradient and backward-facing step flows with different expansion ratios and Reynolds numbers. Then the grid convergence of the model is investigated. Finally, the model performance for different values of the weighting constant C_s in the mixed time scale is assessed. The results show that the proposed model reproduces the correct wall-limiting behaviour of turbulent quantities and performs well in the near-wall region of turbulent flows. The model could be expected to be adopted in hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation methodology for complex wall-bounded flows at high Reynolds numbers.