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1.
We investigate the decomposition of ammonia on bimetallic surfaces prepared by the deposition of a monolayer of Fe, Co, or Cu on a Pt(111) surface computationally and experimentally. We explore the correlation between predicted activities based on the nitrogen binding energies with experimental decomposition activity on these bimetallic and corresponding monometallic surfaces. Through density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modeling, it is predicted that the Fe-Pt-Pt(111) and Co-Pt-Pt(111) surfaces, with a monolayer of Fe or Co on top of Pt(111), are active toward decomposing ammonia. In contrast, the corresponding subsurface configurations, Pt-Fe-Pt(111) and Pt-Co-Pt(111) are inactive. These predictions were confirmed experimentally through temperature programmed desorption experiments. Decomposition was seen at temperatures below 350 K for the Fe-Pt-Pt(111) and Co-Pt-Pt(111) surfaces. For the Cu∕Pt(111) system, the surface, subsurface and parent metals were each predicted to be inactive, consistent with experiments, further validating the model predictions. The stability of these bimetallic surfaces in the presence of adsorbed nitrogen is also discussed.  相似文献   

2.
利用等体积浸渍法制备了Fe-Co、Fe-Ni、Mo-Co、Mo-Ni双金属催化剂(总金属含量均为10%(w,质量分数),双金属摩尔比均为1:1),考察了其在等离子体条件下氨分解活性,结果表明Fe-Ni双金属催化剂表现出较好的协同作用。在此基础上,进一步考察了Fe/Ni摩尔比对其活性的影响。结果表明:当Fe/Ni摩尔比为6/4时,氨分解活性最好,而且该双金属催化剂稳定性良好。采用N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、H_2-程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对催化剂的物化性质、还原性能、微观形貌等进行了研究。结果表明:活性较好的Fe-Ni双金属催化剂中,Fe与Ni形成尖晶石结构NiFe_2O_4,该结构有利于Fe和Ni的还原,即活性组分易恢复金属态,这可能是其活性较高的原因。  相似文献   

3.
Bimetallic nitrides and carbides Co(Ni)-Mo were obtained from the decomposition of transition metals complexes with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) under inert atmosphere. The precursor complexes were prepared by means of aqueous precipitation of ammonium molybdate with cobalt nitrate or nickel nitrate and HMTA. During the decomposition, HMTA acts at once as a reducing agent and as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The precursor's composition and the decomposition conditions are the key parameters to influence the nature of the obtained phases. The method developed provides a simple one-step way to highly divided bimetallic nitrides and carbides.  相似文献   

4.
Inexpensive γ-alumina-based nickel-copper bimetallic catalysts were studied for the hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid,a key platform molecule for biomass conversion to biofuels and other valued chemicals,into γ-valerolactone as a first step towards the production of 2-methyltetrahydrofurane.The activities of both monometallic and bimetallic catalysts were tested.Their textural and chemical characteristics were determined by nitrogen physisorption,elemental analysis,temperature-programmed ammonia desorption,and temperature-programmed reduction.The monometallic nickel catalyst showed high activity but the highest bγ-product production and significant amounts of carbon deposited on the catalyst surface.The copper monometallic catalyst showed the lowest activity but the lowest carbon deposition.The incorporation of the two metals generated a bimetallic catalyst that displayed a similar activity to that of the Ni monometallic catalyst and significantly low bγ-product and carbon contents,indicating the occurrence of important synergetic effects.The influence of the preparation method was also examined by studying impregnated- and sol-gel-derived bimetallic catalysts.A strong dependency on the preparation procedure and calcination temperature was observed.The highest activity per metal atom was achieved using the sol-gel-derived catalyst that was calcined at 450 ℃.High reaction rates were achieved;the total levulinic acid conversion was obtained in less than 2 h of reaction time,yielding up to 96%γ-valerolactone,at operating temperature and pressure of 250 ℃ and 6.5 MPa hydrogen,respectively.  相似文献   

5.
郭燕燕  代成娜  雷志刚 《催化学报》2018,39(6):1070-1080
过氧化氢(H2O2)是一种绿色化工原料和环境友好氧化剂. 目前, 超过 98% 的H2O2是通过蒽醌法生产. 蒽醌法主要包括 2-乙基蒽醌氢化生成 2-乙基氢蒽醌和 2-乙基氢蒽醌氧化生成 2-乙基蒽醌和H2O2的过程. 其中, 2-乙基蒽醌氢化是关键步骤. 在氢化过程中, 生成的 2-乙基氢蒽醌和四氢-2-乙基氢蒽醌是目标产物, 同时生成许多副产物. 目前, Pd 颗粒催化剂是广泛使用的催化剂, 但是蒽醌氢化过程中, 质量传递是主要的控制因素. 与颗粒催化剂对比, 整体式催化剂可以减弱整个反应的内外扩散, 提高反应速率. 很多研究结果显示, 整体式催化剂的传质优于颗粒催化剂, 可以提高催化效率. 近期许多研究显示, 双金属颗粒催化剂在很多氢化反应中体现出优异的催化性能. 本工作制备了双金属整体式催化剂, 考察了其在蒽醌氢化过程中的催化性能.首先, 通过浸渍法制备了4 种双金属整体式催化剂 Pd-M/SiO2/COR (M = Ni, Fe, Mn和 Cu)以及Pd/SiO2/COR和Ni/SiO2/COR两种单金属整体式催化剂. 催化活性结果显示, Ni/SiO2/COR的H2O2产量低于 Pd/SiO2/COR, 而且在 700 oC还原的 Pd-Ni/SiO2/COR 整体式催化剂在 Pd/M = 2 时取得了最高选择性 (95.3%) 和H2O2产量 (7.5 g/L). 然后, 考察了金属负载量的影响. 结果显示, 在金属负载量低于 0.4% 时, 随着金属负载量增加, 选择性和H2O2产量增加, 在金属负载量高于0.4% 时, 随着金属负载量增加, 选择性和H2O2产量降低. TEM结果表明, 添加第二种金属后, 双金属整体式催化剂颗粒尺寸变小, 分布更均匀. EDS结果显示, 双金属形成了合金. H2-TPR结果显示, 随着Pd/M比率增加, 还原温度降低, 说明Pd有助于第二种金属氧化物的还原. 这可能是由于 Pd 表面的氢溢流到第二种金属 (Ni, Fe, Mn和 Cu) 表面. 此外, 文献结果表明, 合金的形成能够抑制 PdH 的形成. 本工作表明添加第二种金属 (Ni, Fe, Mn和Cu) 后, PdH 的峰强度减弱或者峰消失, 也说明形成了合金. XPS 结果显示, 添加第二种金属后,在 336.3 ± 0.1 和 341.4 ± 0.1 eV 出现了新的 Pd 3d5/2和 Pd 3d3/2峰, 说明形成了合金. H2-O2滴定结果表明, Pd-Ni/SiO2/COR的Pd分散度和Pd比表面积都高于其他双金属催化剂, 说明第二种金属 Ni 更有利于促进 Pd 的分散, 减弱颗粒集聚, 揭示了Pd 和 Ni 之间强烈的相互作用. DFT 计算结果显示, Pd3M1(M = Ni, Fe, Mn和Cu) 双金属整体式催化剂和 2-乙基蒽醌之间的结合能低于 Pd/SiO2/COR和 2-乙基蒽醌之间的结合能, 但是 Pd3M1(M = Ni, Fe和Mn) 双金属催化剂和 2-乙基氢蒽醌之间的结合能减小得很少, 这可能是由于 2-乙基蒽醌的 C=O 和第二种金属之间具有强烈相互作用的缘故. Pd3Cu1双金属催化剂和 2-乙基氢蒽醌之间的结合能减小很多, 主要是由于 Pd3Cu1表面不利于 2-乙基氢蒽醌的吸附.因此, Pd-Ni/SiO2/COR 比 Pd/SiO2/COR, Ni/SiO2/COR 和其他的双金属整体式催化剂具有更高的选择性和H2O2产量, 主要是由于合金的形成以及 2-乙基氢蒽醌的 C=O 双键和 2-乙基氢蒽醌强烈的相互作用.  相似文献   

6.
由可再生木质素基生物质油加氢脱氧制三苯(苯、甲苯及二甲苯)及燃油可减少对化石能源依赖、缓解环境问题,加氢脱氧催化剂的研究开发为众多学者密切关注.我们以低成本金属Ni为加氢脱氧活性组分,采用金属In对金属Ni催化剂进行改性,旨在增加以苯甲醚为模型反应物加氢脱氧中的三苯收率、降低金属Ni的C-C键氢解及甲烷化活性,提高反应过程中碳收率、降低耗氢量.采用等体积浸渍-程序升温还原法制备了Ni/SiO2及Ni-In/SiO2催化剂,研究了Ni/In比及Ni含量对In改性Ni/SiO2催化剂结构和苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响,利用H2-TPR,H2化学吸附,XRD,NH3-TPD,XPS,TEM及N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征,采用石英管固定床反应器在300°C、常压、H2/苯甲醚摩尔比25及苯甲醚重时空速0.4 h-1的反应条件下考察了催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能,分析了催化剂结构与性能之间的关系.H2-TPR结果显示,金属In的加入抑制了催化剂前驱体中Ni物种的还原.XRD,H2化学吸附,HAADF-STEM-EDS及XPS等结果表明,经450°C还原制备的Ni-In/SiO2双金属催化剂中Ni和In接触紧密.In的加入明显降低了催化剂表面金属Ni的活性位数量;并且,Ni/In比越低Ni-In/SiO2催化剂H2化学吸附量越小.XPS结果还显示,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂中存在金属In向Ni转移电子.上述结果说明,在Ni-In/SiO2催化剂中金属Ni与In存在较强的相互作用.在苯甲醚加氢脱氧反应中,与Ni/SiO2催化剂相比,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂虽因表面Ni密度较低而具有较低苯甲醚转化率,但其苯环加氢、C-C键氢解及CO甲烷化活性较低,因而具有较高的三苯及环己烷选择性;并且,随Ni/In比的降低(即In含量的增加),Ni-In/SiO2催化剂的加氢、氢解及甲烷化能力呈减弱趋势.随Ni质量含量提高,Ni-In/SiO2双金属催化剂上苯甲醚转化率提高,但对三苯选择性及C-C键氢解能力影响不明显.经分析认为,与Ni/SiO2相比,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂较低的苯加氢及C-C键氢解活性与In对表面连续Ni位隔离作用及金属镍位电子云密度提高有关.在优化的反应条件下,Ni质量含量为40%、Ni/In比为40的Ni-In/SiO2催化剂上三苯收率为60.4%,高于相同Ni质量含量Ni/SiO2催化剂上三苯收率(51.6%).  相似文献   

7.
采用化学共还原法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶.采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所合成的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶进行了表征, 并系统研究了PVP用量、还原剂用量和浓度、双金属比例对该双金属纳米溶胶催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明, 所制备的双金属纳米溶胶的平均粒径在2.0 nm左右, Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶的催化活性比Pt及Ni单金属纳米溶胶的高, 当Pt/Ni摩尔比为1:4时, 纳米溶胶的催化活性最高, 其活性值为16640 molH2·molPt-1·h-1.所制备的Pt/Ni双金属纳米溶胶催化剂具有很好的耐久性, 5次催化实验后该催化剂仍保持较高的催化活性.该双金属纳米溶胶催化NaBH4水解反应的活化能为48 kJ/mol.  相似文献   

8.
We report the synthesis and characterization of new Ni(x)Ru(1-x) (x = 0.56-0.74) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their catalytic activity for hydrogen release in the ammonia borane hydrolysis process. The alloy NPs were obtained by wet-chemistry method using a rapid lithium triethylborohydride reduction of Ni(2+) and Ru(3+) precursors in oleylamine. The nature of each alloy sample was fully characterized by TEM, XRD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that the as-prepared Ni-Ru alloy NPs exhibited exceptional catalytic activity for the ammonia borane hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen release. All Ni-Ru alloy NPs, and in particular the Ni(0.74)Ru(0.26) sample, outperform the activity of similar size monometallic Ni and Ru NPs, and even of Ni@Ru core-shell NPs. The hydrolysis activation energy for the Ni(0.74)Ru(0.26) alloy catalyst was measured to be approximately 37?kJ?mol(-1). This value is considerably lower than the values measured for monometallic Ni (≈70?kJ?mol(-1)) and Ru NPs (≈49?kJ?mol(-1)), and for Ni@Ru (≈44?kJ?mol(-1)), and is also lower than the values of most noble-metal-containing bimetallic NPs reported in the literature. Thus, a remarkable improvement of catalytic activity of Ru in the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane was obtained by alloying Ru with a Ni, which is a relatively cheap metal.  相似文献   

9.
析氧反应(OER)是电解水制氢的关键步骤,开发高效、稳定、廉价的OER电催化剂是目前该领域的研究热点.碱性电解液中的OER电催化剂成分以Mn、Fe、Co、Ni等为主,其中单一组分的Fe基化合物催化活性不高,但碱性电解液中的痕量铁杂质极易掺入Ni、Co等非Fe基材料的结构中,极大影响其OER催化性能,即现有大部分非Fe基...  相似文献   

10.
Bimetallic Co /Fe catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes( CNTs) were prepared,and niobium( Nb) was added as promoter to the 70 Co ∶30Fe /CNT catalyst. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized,and the catalytic performances were analyzed at the same operation conditions( H_2 ∶CO( volume ratio) = 2 ∶1,p = 1 MPa,and t = 260 ℃) in a tubular fixed-bed microreactor system. The addition of Nb to the bimetallic catalyst decreases the average size of the oxide nanoparticles and improves the reducibility of the bimetallic catalyst. Evaluation of the catalyst performance in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction shows that the catalyst results in high selectivity to methane,and the selectivity to C_(5+) increased slightly in the bimetallic catalyst unlike that in the monometallic catalysts. The addition of 1% Nb to the bimetallic catalyst increases CO conversion and selectivity to C_(5+). Meanwhile,a decrease in methane selectivity is observed.  相似文献   

11.
肉桂醛催化选择加氢反应中双金属的协同效应   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对既含有CC键又含有CO键的分子,CC键的选择加氢意义重大[1].α,β不饱和醛选择加氢成饱和醛就属于此类.钯是已知的可在温和条件下将α,β不饱和醛选择加氢生成饱和醛最有效的催化剂之一.人们曾研究了不同钯化合物催化剂对α,β不饱和醛中CC的双键选择加...  相似文献   

12.
A one-pot synthesis of non-noble transition metal-based core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed under ambient conditions. The obtained Cu@M (M = Co, Fe, Ni) NPs exhibit superior catalytic activity for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NH(3)BH(3), compared to the alloy and monometallic counterparts.  相似文献   

13.
The molybdenum bimetallic interstitial carbides Fe(3)Mo(3)C and Co(3)Mo(3)C have been synthesized by temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) between the molybdenum bimetallic interstitial nitrides Fe(3)Mo(3)N and Co(3)Mo(3)N and a flowing mixture of CH(4) and H(2) diluted in Ar. These compounds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, energy dispersive analysis of X rays, thermal analysis (in air) and scanning electron microscopy (field emission). Their structures have been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data. These carbides crystallize in the cubic system, space group Fd3m[a= 11.11376(6) and 11.0697(3)[Angstrom] for Fe and Co compounds, respectively].  相似文献   

14.
The rate of the gas-phase oxidation of ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, dioxane, and benzene with atmospheric oxygen is studied on surfaces of bimetallic oxide catalysts Co–Fe, Cu–Fe, Cr–Co, and Ni–Fe, prepared via thermal decomposition of double complex compounds in air. It is found that the rate of oxidation of volatile compounds depends on the volume of the transient pores in the catalyst sample. The rate of oxidation on the same catalyst at 350°C depends on the nature of the substance in the order: acetone > ethyl acetate > ethanol > propanol > dioxane, benzene.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, the effect of additive Fe on Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for CO2 methanation was studied. A series of bimetallic Ni–Fe catalysts with different Ni/Fe ratios were prepared by impregnation method. For comparison, monometallic Fe‐based and Ni‐based catalysts were also prepared by the same method. The characterization results showed that adding Fe to Ni catalyst on the premise of a low Ni loading(≦12 wt.%) enhanced CO2 methanation performance. However, when the Ni loading reached 12 wt.%, the catalytic activity decreased with the increase of Fe content, but still higher than the corresponding Ni‐based catalyst without Fe. Among them, the 12Ni3Fe catalyst exhibited the highest CO2 conversion of 84.3 % and nearly 100% CH4 selectivity at 50000 ml g‐1 h‐1 and 420 °C. The enhancement effect of adding Fe on CO2 methanation was attributed to the dual effect of suitable electronic environment and increased reducibility generated by Fe species.  相似文献   

16.
The hydrogenolysis of dimethyl disulfide in the presence of Ni,Mo and Co,Mo bimetallic sulfide catalysts was studied at atmospheric pressure and T = 160–400°C. At T ≤ 200°C, dimethyl disulfide undergoes hydrogenolysis at the S-S bond, yielding methanethiol in 95–100% yield. The selectivity of the reaction decreases with increasing residence time and temperature due to methanethiol undergoing condensation to dimethyl disulfide and hydrogenolysis at the C-S bond to yield methane and hydrogen sulfide. The specific activity of the Co,Mo/Al2O3 catalyst in hydrogenolysis at the S-S and C-S bonds is equal to or lower than the total activity of the monometallic catalysts. The Ni,Mo/Al2O3 catalyst is twice as active as the Ni/Al2O3 + Mo/Al2O3 or the cobalt-molybdenum bimetallic catalyst.  相似文献   

17.
梁长海 《分子催化》2016,30(4):324-337
采用共沉淀法制备了不同 Ni /Cu 比的 NiCu/MgO 双金属催化剂,并通过 N2物理吸附、X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原等方法对 NiCu/MgO 催化剂结构进行表征。表征结果表明,Cu 和 Ni 之间存在协同相互作用,NiMgO2的存在抑制了镍物种的还原和 Cu-Ni 合金的形成,催化剂的 Ni /Cu 比和焙烧温度对其表面金属组成有非常重要的影响。以葡萄糖氢解反应为探针反应,考察了 Ni /Cu 比、焙烧温度、H2压力、反应温度、反应时间等因素对 NiCu/MgO 催化性能的影响。研究表明相对于单金属催化剂,双金属催化剂对葡萄糖氢解生成 C2-C4和1,2-PD 具有较高的催化活性,这与铜镍之间的协同作用有关。  相似文献   

18.
Several silica-supported poly-γ-aminopropylsiloxane-monometal and bimetal complexes (Si-NH_2-M,M = Cu or Co ; Si-NH_2-Cu-M', M' =Co, Sn, Mn, Ni or Fe) have been prepared. Their catalytic properties for oxidative ethoxycarbonylation of aniline to ethyl phenylcarbamate have been investigated.The catalytic reaction was carried out under relatively mild conditions. The catalyst Si-NH_2-Cu-CO had high activity and selectivity, and the turn-over number (molar of aniline converted/molar of metal in Si-NH_2-Cu-CO added) could amount to 450 under the conditions: 150℃, 4 MPa (CO/O_2 =3) and 40 hours.The results of XPS and IR indicated that the coordination bonds were formed between nitrogen and metals in Si-NH2-Cu, Si-NH_2-Co and Si-NH_2-Cu-Co, and the coordination pattern was not single. In the oxidative ethoxycarbonylation of aniline to ethyl phenylcarbamate, the catalytic property of Si-NH_2-Cu-CO bimetallic complex was better than Si-NH_2-Cu or Si-NH_2-Co monometatlic complex. This indicated that there was synergistic action between different metals in the bimetallic complex.  相似文献   

19.
A set of mono-and bimetallic(Zn-Co) supported ZSM-5 catalysts was first prepared by PEG-additive method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by FTIR, XPS, XRD, N_2adsorption-desorption measurements, SEM, EDS and NH3-TPD techniques. The physicochemical properties showed that the Zn Co_2O_4 spinel oxide was formed on the ZSM-5 support and provided effectual synergetic effect between Zn and Co species for the bimetallic catalyst. Furthermore, bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited weak, moderate and strong acidic sites, while the monometallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst showed only weak and moderate or strong acidic sites. Their catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of hexamethylene–1,6–dicarbamate(HDC) to hexamethylene–1,6–diisocyanate(HDI) were then studied. It was found that the bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalysts,especially Zn-2Co/ZSM-5 catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance due to the good synergetic effect between Co and Zn species, which provided a suitable contribution of acidic sites. HDC conversion of 100% with HDI selectivity of 91.2% and by-products selectivity of 1.3% could be achieved within short reaction time of 2.5 h over Zn-2Co/ZSM-5 catalyst.  相似文献   

20.
We report the synthesis and characterization of new NixRu1?x (x=0.56–0.74) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their catalytic activity for hydrogen release in the ammonia borane hydrolysis process. The alloy NPs were obtained by wet‐chemistry method using a rapid lithium triethylborohydride reduction of Ni2+ and Ru3+ precursors in oleylamine. The nature of each alloy sample was fully characterized by TEM, XRD, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We found that the as‐prepared Ni–Ru alloy NPs exhibited exceptional catalytic activity for the ammonia borane hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen release. All Ni–Ru alloy NPs, and in particular the Ni0.74Ru0.26 sample, outperform the activity of similar size monometallic Ni and Ru NPs, and even of Ni@Ru core‐shell NPs. The hydrolysis activation energy for the Ni0.74Ru0.26 alloy catalyst was measured to be approximately 37 kJ mol?1. This value is considerably lower than the values measured for monometallic Ni (≈70 kJ mol?1) and Ru NPs (≈49 kJ mol?1), and for Ni@Ru (≈44 kJ mol?1), and is also lower than the values of most noble‐metal‐containing bimetallic NPs reported in the literature. Thus, a remarkable improvement of catalytic activity of Ru in the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane was obtained by alloying Ru with a Ni, which is a relatively cheap metal.  相似文献   

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