Optimization and implementation of piezoelectric radiators using the genetic algorithm

Very thin and small (45 mm x 35 mm x 0.35 mm) piezoelectric radiators have been developed in this research. The system is modeled by using the energy method in conjunction with the assumed-modes method. Electrical system, mechanical system, and acoustic loading have all been accounted for during the modeling stage. On the basis of the simulation model, the genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the overall configurations for a low resonance frequency and a large gain. The resulting designs are then implemented and evaluated experimentally. Performance indices for the experimental evaluation include the frequency response, the directional response, the sensitivity, and the efficiency. It is found in the experimental results that the piezoelectric radiators are able to produce comparable acoustical output with significantly less electrical input than the voice-coil panel speakers.     

压电圆管换能器振动特性的薄壳理论分析

本文运用弹性力学中的薄壳理论，分析了径向极化压电陶瓷圆管换能器的振动特性，并在此基础上推导出换能器等效电路的特性阻抗，为换能器的设计提供了依据。分析及计算结果表明，本文的理论与以往常用的薄膜理论相比，不仅在物理模型的描述上更为完整准确，在计算精度上也更接近实际。     

有限长薄壁弹性圆柱的径长耦合振动

以往在考虑薄壁圆柱的弹性振动时,大多采用所谓薄膜理论进行分析。本文则运用弹性力学的薄壳理论对薄壁弹性圆管的径长耦合振动作了详细分析,从振动方程到一般解,以及在几种不同边界条件下的特征频率方程,并结合有关参考文献的结果进行了计算。理论分析与计算结果表明,薄壳理论不仅在定性分析中能够更好地给出物理解释,而且在定量计算中也更接近实验结果。     

径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器

提出一种三元径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了研究。基于弹性力学理论及机电类比原理,导出了柱坐标系中分割处理径向极化压电陶瓷管准厚度模振动及薄壁短圆管径向振动的机电等效电路;利用径向力和振速连续的边界条件,得出了径向复合圆柱压电换能器系统的径向振动机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了换能器径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其几何尺寸的变化关系。研究表明,换能器的径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其内芯半径和预应力管壁厚度增大而降低。研制了一些径向复合圆柱压电换能器,并对其径向共振频率进行了测试。结果表明,理论与实验结果基本一致。      

压电管堆式宽带换能器*

研究了一种具有管状叠堆结构的圆管换能器,其敏感元件是由纵向极化压电陶瓷单元组成的薄壁管状压电叠堆,探讨利用管状叠堆纵向和径向振动耦合实现宽带发射。利用压电柱壳振动理论推导了管堆的频率方程,分析了换能器的纵向和径向模态的振动耦合特性。在理论分析的基础上利用有限元方法对换能器的带宽和发射电压响应进行优化并研制换能器样机。测试结果表明,纵向极化的管状压电叠堆结构具有良好的发射电压响应和宽带特性,与理论及仿真结果相符。     

Plasma crystallization of polymer-ferroelectric/piezoelectric ceramic composites and their piezoelectric properties

Physics of the Solid State - The crystallization of “polymer-ferroelectric/piezoelectric ceramic” composites under the action of an electric discharge plasma and temperature is...     

Broadband multimode baffled piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducers

Hollow piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducers may be made directional for underwater acoustic applications by the use of suitable acoustical baffles and the operational bandwidth may be extended by using multiple resonant modes. A theoretical and experimental investigation was performed for circumferentially baffled piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducers operating in the zero and one modes of extensional vibration. The frequency responses and directivity patterns were analyzed under various conditions of energizing separate halves of electrodes. It was found that the broadest frequency response with nearly constant beamwidth can be obtained when the two halves of the piezoelectric ring are electromechanically excited 90 deg out-of-phase. The experimental results obtained with a proof-of-concept transducer were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Disturbance rejection control for vibration suppression of piezoelectric laminated thin-walled structures

Thin-walled piezoelectric integrated smart structures are easily excited to vibrate by unknown disturbances. In order to design and simulate a control strategy, firstly, an electro-mechanically coupled dynamic finite element (FE) model of smart structures is developed based on first-order shear deformation (FOSD) hypothesis. Linear piezoelectric constitutive equations and the assumption of constant electric field through the thickness are considered. Based on the dynamic FE model, a disturbance rejection (DR) control with proportional-integral (PI) observer using step functions as the fictitious model of disturbances is developed for vibration suppression of smart structures. In order to achieve a better dynamic behavior of the fictitious model of disturbances, the PI observer is extended to generalized proportional-integral (GPI) observer, in which sine or polynomial functions can be used to represent disturbances resulting in better dynamics. Therefore the disturbances can be estimated either by PI or GPI observer, and then the estimated signals are fed back to the controller. The DR control is validated by various kinds of unknown disturbances, and compared with linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) control. The results illustrate that the vibrations are better suppressed by the proposed DR control.     

聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯）压电圆管水听器

提出了高灵敏度压电共聚物圆管水听器设计方法,论述了聚(偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)[P (VDF-TrFE)]材料结构与压电特性的关系,利用解析法和有限元法,分析了多振动模式耦合特性对压电共聚物圆管水听器灵敏度响应的影响规律,仿真分析了圆管水听器的耐静水压特性和噪声特性,与相同结构的压电陶瓷和压电均聚物水听器相比,压电共聚物圆管水听器低频段灵敏度分别可提高20 dB和5 dB以上,研制了尺寸为Φ14 mm × 55 mm的压电共聚物圆管水听器样品,经测试,在10 Hz~1 kHz频段内水听器灵敏度响应达到-181.8 dB±1 dB,等效自噪声压低于零级海况海洋环境噪声,与理论模型结果有良好的一致性。结果表明,该设计显著提升了圆管水听器的低频接收灵敏度,并为其耐静水压性能提升提供了思路。     

The transient suppression for piezoelectric ceramic emission transducer

A transient suppression method for piezoelectric ceramic transducer is presented. By adding some special pedestal pulses to the original transmitted signal, the transient effects in the output of the transducer can be just precisely transmission by use of a narrowband transducer. canceled, thereby achieving the broadband The experimental results show that the transient responses of the sinusoid pulses and coded signals are suppressed successfully and the acoustic waveforms radiated into the surrounding water are improved significantly.     

厚壁径向极化压电陶瓷薄圆环的研究

本文对厚壁径向极化压电陶瓷薄圆环进行了研究,得出了振子的谐振和反谐振频率的理论方程,并用有限元法分析了和实验测试了径向振动模态,给出了理论、有限元法和实验数据的一个对比。结果表明:本文的理论较为完善,对实际运用有一定的指导意义。     

TE modes in parallel cylindrical surface waveguides

Dispersion equations for TE and TM modes in width-limited waveguides formed by parallel cylindrical surfaces are derived in adiabatic approximation. It is shown that the dominant TE₀₁ mode is strongly localized in the waveguide center.     

Analysis of transient responses in a laminated piezoelectric cylindrical shell

A hybrid numerical method is proposed for analysis of transient responses in a multilayered piezoelectric cylindrical shell.In the present method,the associated equations of the displacement field and the electro-potential field are developed using an analytical-numerical method.The piezoelectric cylindrical shell is discretized into layered annular elements along the wall thickness direction.The governing equations are determined by Hamilton's Principle considering the coupling between the elastic and elec...     

压电陶瓷换能器宽带匹配特性分析

对压电陶瓷换能器的宽带匹配特性作了全面的分析表明:在不添加全通函数情况,Butterworth匹配定理涵有最低中心频率最大带宽和最大增益带宽乘积的优良匹配特性;当参数σ<0.252时,在最低中心频率和最大增益带宽准则下,在电路中添加全通函数是无益的。     

Power dissipation and temperature distribution in piezoelectric ceramic slabs

A method is presented to determine power dissipation in one-dimensional piezoelectric slabs with internal losses and the resulting temperature distribution. The length of the slab is much greater than the lateral dimensions. Losses are represented using complex piezoelectric coefficients. It is shown that the spatially non-uniform power dissipation density in the slab can be determined by considering either hysteresis loops or the Poynting vector. The total power dissipated in the slab is obtained by integrating the power dissipation density over the slab and is shown to be equal to the power input to the slab for special cases of mechanically and electrically excited slabs. The one-dimensional heat equation that includes the effect of conduction and convection, and the boundary conditions, are then used to determine the temperature distribution. When the analytical expression for the power dissipation density is simple, direct integration is used. It is shown that a modified Fourier series approach yields the same results. For other cases, the temperature distribution is determined using only the latter approach. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effects of internal losses, heat conduction and convection coefficients, and boundary conditions on the temperature distribution.     

铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷纵振换能器*

高性能环境友好型无铅压电陶瓷及其应用是当前压电材料研究的热点之一,为了探究其在水声换能器领域的应用潜力,该文对铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷纵振式换能器进行了对比研究。依据仿真结果优化结构尺寸,制作了两种换能器样机并测试了其在空气中和水中的电声性能。测试结果表明,铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷换能器的谐振频率为35kHz,最大发送电压响应为 151dB,声源级可达 190dB,在 26kHz~67kHz 的频率范围内发送电压响应的起伏不超过±4.5dB,谐振频率处-3dB 的指向性开角约为 76°。该无铅压电陶瓷换能器具有和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷换能器相当的发射性能,有望推动无铅压电材料在水声换能器领域的应用进程。     

Analysis of characteristics of broadband matching for piezoelectric ceramic transducer

Characteristics of broadband matching for piezoelectric ceramic transducer are fully analyzed. It is stated that in the case of without an all pass function, good matching characteristics of maximum bandwidth and gain-bandwidth product are implied in the Butterworth matching theorem. If the parameterσ< .252, it is not helpful to add an all pass function to the circuit following the rule of minimizing center frequency and maximizing gain-bandwidth product.