空心材料导热性能预测研究

本文建立了一种预测空心材料导热性的方法。研究了空习材料的导热性。用柱形空心材料分析了体分比和孔洞的排列方式对整体材料导热性的影响，用圆柱形，方柱形空心材料和含裂纹材料，分析了空心形状对材料导热性的影响。同他人的实验结果和某些现有的理论模型比较表明，本文方法是有效的。本文的结果很好地解释实验结果。     

HOPKINSON冲击拉杆的改进及应用

本文给出用Hopkinson空心杆代替实心杆进行材料动态拉伸性能测试实验研究。实践证明,Hopkinson空心杆比实心杆有明显优点,我们利用了空心杆测试材料动态拉伸性能,使测试结果较实心杆有明显改进。 为了证明空心杆的动态可靠性,本文用二维动力有限元法分析了空心杆的一维性。     

弹丸撞击圆板的尺度律实验研究

本文对周边固支软钢圆板，用柱形平头弹丸以２４ｍ／ｓ和２８ｍ／ｓ的速度进行撞击实验，研究板变形的尺度律。板和弹的尺寸严格按１、２和４的比例制作，撞击能量只使板产生塑性大变形而不穿孔。实验结果表明，变形偏离经典尺度律，其规律是较大的撞击能量，出现的偏差也较大。经分析，材料的应变律效应是产生偏差的主要原因。     

研究材料动态卸载的一种实验方法

在SHPB实验数据分析的基础上,提出了用柱锥形弹丸代替纯柱形弹丸研究材料的动态卸载。用所提出的方法对LF6铝材的动态加、卸载响应进行了实验研究,结果表明:柱锥形弹丸可以有效地延长入射脉冲的卸载段,可用来研究材料动态卸载行为。     

压力敏感材料中的空洞长大研究及其在页岩及高分子材料中的应用

主要研究压力敏感材料中含内压的空洞长大,如页岩或者高分子材料。采用数值方法研究含内压空洞的对称和非对称球形和柱形胞元的宏观力学行为。结果表明,压力敏感性及其空洞内压将极大影响空洞的形核与长大。在球形胞元情形中未出现柱形胞元的单轴拉伸现象。将胞元有限变形的数值计算结果与基于近期提出的考虑压力敏感材料中空洞长大的塑形力学模型的分析结果进行了对比。     

压力敏感材料中的空洞长大研究及其在页岩及高分子材料中的应用（英文）

主要研究压力敏感材料中含内压的空洞长大,如页岩或者高分子材料。采用数值方法研究含内压空洞的对称和非对称球形和柱形胞元的宏观力学行为。结果表明,压力敏感性及其空洞内压将极大影响空洞的形核与长大。在球形胞元情形中未出现柱形胞元的单轴拉伸现象。将胞元有限变形的数值计算结果与基于近期提出的考虑压力敏感材料中空洞长大的塑形力学模型的分析结果进行了对比。     

柱形杀爆战斗部的破片初速分布

针对有限长柱形杀爆战斗部装药两端的稀疏波效应而提供了比较符合实况的有效装药模型，并由此求得适用于估算柱形杀爆战斗部破片初速的修正型格尼公式，用它计算的破片初速分布与实验结果极为相符。     

柱形爆电换能器的理论研究

本文根据冲击波加载铁电陶瓷的换能原理,建立了斜冲击波加载PZT柱形组件的电响应珲论模型。所考虑的换能装置特点是:(1)柱形组件由n块PZT空心圆盘并联堆叠而成:(2)PZT样品在冲击波压缩区具有恒定电导率r:(3)外电路由串联的电感L和电阻R以及并联电容C_p组成。数值计算结果表明,这种柱形爆电换能器用来提供大电流,大能量(如2000A、100J)是适宜的。     

空心光纤网络埋入复合材料中性能影响的研究

空心光纤网络可用来进行复合材料力学性能的监测,同时又可对材料的损伤进行自修复。空心光纤网络与复合材料性能的影响主要有三方面：1）复合材料对空心光纤的影响;2）空心光纤对复合材料的影响;3）空心光纤与复合材料力学性能的匹配。本文测试了三种规格的空心光纤埋入复合材料中受到的影响,依据国家有关的复合材料测试标准,对树脂基复合材料埋与不埋大直径空心光纤进行了对比实验,并论证了光纤与材料力学性能匹配点存在的必然性。从而为空心光纤网络用于复合材料的自诊断与自修复提供了研究的依据。     

功能梯度热释电材料平板柱形弯曲问题的精确解

采用状态空间法，假定材料常数沿厚度方向均按同一指数函数规律变化，获得了功能梯度热释电材料平板柱形弯曲问题的精确解。通过算例，分析了在机械荷载、电荷载和热荷载分别作用下，材料性质的不同梯度变化对平板结构响应的影响。     

Intrapore convection when the average temperature gradient is vertical

The heat conduction of a porous medium saturated with a fluid is usually regarded as being purely molecular [1]. The assumption here is that in the case of heating from below the local temperature gradient within each of the pores, like the averaged gradient in the complete layer, is strictly vertical, and, since the pores are as a rule small, this local gradient is less than the critical. It is therefore assumed that in the absence of large-scale convection the fluid in the pores is in equilibrium. However, for different thermal conductivities of the fluid and the porous skeleton surrounding it a vertical temperature gradient in the fluid and, accordingly, equilibrium of the fluid are possible only if a cavity is a sphere or an ellipsoid with a definite orientation [1]. Since the pores do not have such shapes, the convective motion that arises in each of the pores or in several communicating pores can lead to an increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the fluid and, accordingly, the effective thermal conductivity of the complete medium. The present paper is devoted to study of this effect.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 93–98, January–February, 1984.     

Effective thermal conductivity of transversely isotropic media with arbitrary oriented ellipsoïdal inhomogeneities

The objective of this work is to investigate the thermal conduction phenomena in transversely isotropic geomaterials or rock-like composites with arbitrary oriented ellipsoïdal inhomogeneities of low aspect ratio. Based on the evaluation of the Green function, we provide here new expressions for the interaction tensor whose knowledge permits to obtain the concentration tensor of the polarization field used itself to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity tensor by homogenization. Some particular cases of the obtained general solution are equally presented, in order to validate the developed formalism. The obtained results are next used to study the effect of matrix anisotropy, pores systems and microstructure-related parameters on the overall effective thermal conductivity in transversely isotropic rocks. A two-step homogenization scheme is developed for the prediction of the initial anisotropy effects and to test the ability of the proposed model in the evaluation of effective thermal conductivity. With the help of an Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) the anisotropy due to the pore systems is also accounted. Numerical applications and comparisons with available experimental data are finally carried out for a partially saturated Opalinus clay and an argillite which are both composed of an argillaceous matrix and multiple solid minerals constituents.     

Effective Thermal Conductivity Modelling for Closed-Cell Porous Media with Analytical Shape Factors

This paper presents a fully analytical model for the effective thermal conductivity of two-phase porous media with two-/three-dimensional closed cells, applicable to honeycombs and closed-cell foams. The present model combines an existing analytical expression derived based on the Laplace heat conduction equation with an analytical shape factor which corrects the deviation caused from a non-circular (or non-spherical) pore inclusion. Results demonstrate the validity of the present model capable of analytically estimating the effective thermal conductivity of closed-cell porous media. The simple yet accurate model provides the physical mechanisms of how effective thermal conductivity depends upon the shape of pores.     

基于多轮升维策略与改进量子行为粒子群优化算法的热导率函数估计方法

将改进的量子行为粒子群优化算法应用于材料热导率函数估计问题中,并提出了一种多轮升维策略对算法的搜索过程进行优化,形成了一种鲁棒性强且高效的反演方法。通过数值实验测试了该方法在测量误差以及系统误差下的表现,并对不同粒子群优化算法的性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,采用的反演方法能够在较大的搜索范围与反演维度下稳定收敛,对测量误差的敏感度较低;提出的多轮升维策略能够使各类粒子群优化算法在热导率函数估计问题中的搜索效率得到提升。     

多相材料传热微结构的多目标优化设计

提出基于散热弱度的材料微结构热传导性能的预测方法,分别从理论和数值上验证该方法与均匀化方法的等效性;推导出微结构等效热传导系数的灵敏度计算格式,建立传热微结构拓扑优化的数学模型.以二维、三维多相材料等效热传导系数的加权组合为目标,采用凸规划对偶优化算法和二次型周长约束进行材料微结构的设计和材料分布的棋盘格控制.数值算例表明基于散热弱度的传热材料微结构设计是可行、有效的,可以为实际的材料设计提供依据.     

南京地区土体热导率性质测试与分析

通过对南京地区大量粘土和粉质粘土样品热导率值的测试,分析了土体热导率与其含水量、孔隙比的相关关系。对影响土体导热值的因素作了详细分析,提出了根据土体含水量、孔隙比值计算土体热导率的经验计算公式。     

THEORETICAL MODEL OF EFFECTIVE STRESS COEFFICIENT FOR ROCK/SOIL-LIKE POROUS MATERIALS

Physical mechanisms and influencing factors on the effective stress coefficient for rock/soil-like porous materials are investigated, based on which equivalent connectivity index is proposed. The equivalent connectivity index, relying on the meso-scale structure of porous material and the property of liquid, denotes the connectivity of pores in Representative Element Area （REA）. If the conductivity of the porous material is anisotropic, the equivalent connectivity index is a second order tensor. Based on the basic theories of continuous mechanics and tensor analysis, relationship between area porosity and volumetric porosity of porous materials is deduced. Then a generalized expression, describing the relation between effective stress coefficient tensor and equivalent connectivity tensor of pores, is proposed, and the expression can be applied to isotropic media and also to anisotropic materials. Furthermore, evolution of porosity and equivalent connectivity index of the pore are studied in the strain space, and the method to determine the corresponding functions in expressions above is proposed using genetic algorithm and genetic programming. Two applications show that the results obtained by the method in this paper perfectly agree with the test data. This paper provides an important theoretical support to the coupled hydro-mechanical research.     

Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3/water nanofluid

Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al₂O₃/H₂O nanofluid are reported in this paper. The nanofluid was prepared by synthesizing Al₂O₃ nanoparticles using microwave assisted chemical precipitation method, and then dispersing them in distilled water using a sonicator. Al₂O₃/water nanofluid with a nominal diameter of 43 nm at different volume concentrations (0.33–5%) at room temperature were used for the investigation. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids are measured and it is found that the viscosity increase is substantially higher than the increase in thermal conductivity. Both the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids increase with the nanoparticle volume concentration. Theoretical models are developed to predict thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids without resorting to the well established Maxwell and Einstein models, respectively. The proposed models show reasonably good agreement with our experimental results.     

功能梯度材料结构热力耦合概率分析方法

基于自洽平均微观力学W-T(Wakashima-Tsukamoto)模型和拉丁超立方抽样,建立一种功能梯度平板热力耦合概率分析方法.以材料物理属性和空间分布的不确定性随机参数作为概率分析的输入,以热应力作为输出,基于本征正交分解POD(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition)对热应力的随机时间历...     

纤维增强复合材料热隐身斗篷设计

基于变换热动力学原理可获得具有热隐身性能的隐身结构(隐身斗篷)所需要的材料性质的空间分布。但这种材料性质的复杂分布形式以及局部热传导性能无限大等极值性质需求,使得隐身斗篷设计的实现非常困难,需要研究基于常规材料的隐身斗篷设计。本文基于常规材料的热隐身结构实现问题,提出了基于纤维增强复合材料圆环结构的实现热隐身的结构形式。首先,基于变换热动力学原理获得热隐身所需的热传导系数沿半径方向的变化规律;进而,通过设计复合材料不同位置的纤维铺设方式(含量和铺设方向)实现热隐身对材料性能的需求。选择金属银作为纤维,空气作为基体,设计出了具有热隐身性能的复合材料圆环结构纤维含量和铺设方向沿径向的分布方案。对该设计方案进行数值仿真,结果显示所设计的隐身结构具有良好的热隐身性能。由于设计方案基于常规材料,因此具有容易实现的优点。