On the Leibniz (co)homology of the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group

The Lie algebra of the Euclidean group is an abelian extension of the orthogonal Lie algebra. We compute its Leibniz (co)homology. It is computed via the identification of certain orthogonal invariants and shown to be an algebra generated by a n−1-fold tensor and an n-fold tensor.     

Criteria for existence of a Hamiltonian structure

The necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a Hamiltonian structure for 3-component non-diagonalizable systems of hydrodynamic type. The conditions are formulated in terms of tensor invariants defined by the metric h _ij (u) constructed from the Haantjes (1,2)-tensor.     

Critical metrics of the Schouten functional

Given a Riemannian metric on a compact smooth manifold, we consider its Schouten tensor, which is a tensor field of type (0, 2) arising in the remainder of the Weyl part in the standard decomposition of the curvature tensor of the metric. We study extremal properties of the Schouten functional, defined to be the scaling-invariant L ²-norm of the Schouten tensor. It is proved, for instance, that space form metrics are characterized as critical points of the Schouten functional among conformally flat metrics.     

Three classes of Weitzenböck manifolds

A Weitzenböck manifold is a triplet defined by a differentiable manifold with a metric g of certain signature and a linear connection with zero curvature tensor and nonzero torsion tensor which is a metric connection with respect to g. The theory of such manifolds is called the “new theory of gravity”. We study properties of three classes of Weitzenböck manifolds and prove some vanishing thorems.     

On forced fast oscillations for delay differential equations on compact manifolds

We prove an existence result for forced oscillations of delay differential equations on compact manifolds with nonzero Euler-Poincaré characteristic. When the period is smaller than the delay we need the asymptotic fixed point index theory for C¹ maps due to Eells and Fournier, and Nussbaum.     

From Lie algebra crossed modules to tensor hierarchies

The present paper, though inspired by the use of tensor hierarchies in theoretical physics, establishes their mathematical credentials, especially as genetically related to Lie algebra crossed modules. Gauging procedures in supergravity rely on a pairing – the embedding tensor – between a Leibniz algebra and a Lie algebra. Two such algebras, together with their embedding tensor, form a triple called a Lie-Leibniz triple, of which Lie algebra crossed modules are particular cases. This paper is devoted to showing that any Lie-Leibniz triple induces a differential graded Lie algebra – its associated tensor hierarchy – whose restriction to the category of Lie algebra crossed modules is the canonical assignment associating to any Lie algebra crossed module its corresponding unique 2-term differential graded Lie algebra. This shows that Lie-Leibniz triples form natural generalizations of Lie algebra crossed modules and that their associated tensor hierarchies can be considered as some kind of ‘lie-ization’ of the former. We deem the present construction of such tensor hierarchies clearer and more straightforward than previous derivations. We stress that such a construction suggests the existence of further well-defined Leibniz gauge theories.     

Killing Vector Fields and Twistor Forms on Generalized Sasakian Space Forms

We study generalized Sasakian space form M(f ₁, f ₂, f ₃) when (i) the Reeb vector field of the almost contact metric structure is Killing, (ii) the Ricci tensor satisfies Einstein-like conditions and (iii) the fundamental 2-form of the almost contact metric structure is a twistor form.     

A nonholonomic Laplace operator

In this paper first the Laplace operator on a completely nonholonomic Riemannian manifold is defined in an invariant manner and its properties are considered. The method presented for studying it, as well as for the study of other hypoelliptic operators, involves the use of the geometry of nonholonomic manifolds. The nonholonomic metric (Carnot-Carathéodory metric), the Carathéodory measure, and hypoharmonic functions are defined. A theorem on the comparison of the spectra is proved and the connection is established between the bases of eigenfunctions of the ordinary and nonholonomic Laplacians. Conjectures are formulated on the principal term of the spectral asymptotic expansion of the nonholonomic Laplacian, on the structure of the wave fronts, and on the propagation of singularities.Translated from Problemy Matematicheskogo Analiza, No. 11, pp. 96–108, 1990.     

Leibniz cohomology and the calculus of variations

A geometric interpretation of the Leibniz coboundary is given in terms of the calculus of variations. For a differentiable manifold M, Leibniz cohomology generalizes de Rham cohomology by including all tensors as cochains. When applied to two-tensors, the conditions for the vanishing of a Leibniz cochain are related to the necessary conditions to achieve an extreme value of the integral of the tensor over an immersed surface. A local formula for the coboundary of any tensor is given in terms of a coordinate chart, and the Leibniz coboundary of the Riemann curvature tensor is computed in terms of the derivative of sectional curvature.     

On the geometry of generalized Gaussian distributions

In this paper we consider the space of those probability distributions which maximize the q-Rényi entropy. These distributions have the same parameter space for every q, and in the q=1 case these are the normal distributions. Some methods to endow this parameter space with a Riemannian metric is presented: the second derivative of the q-Rényi entropy, the Tsallis entropy, and the relative entropy give rise to a Riemannian metric, the Fisher information matrix is a natural Riemannian metric, and there are some geometrically motivated metrics which were studied by Siegel, Calvo and Oller, Lovri?, Min-Oo and Ruh. These metrics are different; therefore, our differential geometrical calculations are based on a new metric with parameters, which covers all the above-mentioned metrics for special values of the parameters, among others. We also compute the geometrical properties of this metric, the equation of the geodesic line with some special solutions, the Riemann and Ricci curvature tensors, and the scalar curvature. Using the correspondence between the volume of the geodesic ball and the scalar curvature we show how the parameter q modulates the statistical distinguishability of close points. We show that some frequently used metrics in quantum information geometry can be easily recovered from classical metrics.     

The fundamental theorem forC∞ immersed affine hypersurfaces with type changing Blaschke metric

We investigate the conormal geometry of relative affine hypersurfaces whose relative metric (Blaschke metric) degenerates on a codimension 1 submanifold. Such hypersurfaces arise in the investigation of compact hypersurfaces which are not diffeomorphic to the sphere. We give a fundamental theorem in terms of the conormal structure. Finally, we present a new, affinely invariant tensor which is defined at the set where the relative metric is degenerate.     

On cluster algebras arising from unpunctured surfaces II

We study cluster algebras with principal and arbitrary coefficient systems that are associated to unpunctured surfaces. We give a direct formula for the Laurent polynomial expansion of cluster variables in these cluster algebras in terms of certain paths on a triangulation of the surface. As an immediate consequence, we prove the positivity conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky for these cluster algebras.Furthermore, we obtain direct formulas for F-polynomials and g-vectors and show that F-polynomials have constant term equal to 1. As an application, we compute the Euler-Poincaré characteristic of quiver Grassmannians in Dynkin type A and affine Dynkin type .     

Steady Ricci flows

Steady solutions for Ricci flows are given. A class of Riemannian 3-manifolds related to the geometry of a surface is considered. The components of the metric tensor, which reproduce the Riemannian space and a triorthogonal coordinate system, are determined by a system of partial differential equations. In the stationary case, the curvature tensor of the space satisfies six equations determining the metric of the space. The exact analytic solutions corresponding to surfaces of constant Gaussian and mean curvature (n = 3) are written. Arbitrary curvilinear coordinate systems are constructed, on which the construction of structured grids is based.     

On the existence of almost contact structure and the contact magnetic field

We give a simple proof of the existence of an almost contact metric structure on any orientable 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold (M ³, g) with the prescribed metric g as the adapted metric of the almost contact metric structure. By using the key formula for the structure tensor obtained in the proof this theorem, we give an application which allows us to completely determine the magnetic flow of the contact magnetic field in any 3-dimensional Sasakian manifold.     

Prescribing curvature problem of Bakry-Émery Ricci tensor

We consider the problem of deforming a metric in its conformal class on a closed manifold, such that the k-curvature defined by the Bakry-mery Ricci tensor is a constant. We show its solvability on the manifold, provided that the initial Bakry-mery Ricci tensor belongs to a negative cone. Moveover, the Monge-Ampère type equation with respect to the Bakry-mery Ricci tensor is also considered.     

Manifolds with Boundary and of Bounded Geometry

For non–compact manifolds with boundary we prove that bounded geometry defined by coordinate–free curvature bounds is equivalent to bounded geometry defined using bounds on the metric tensor in geodesic coordinates. We produce a nice atlas with subordinate partition of unity on manifolds with boundary of bounded geometry and we study the change of geodesic coordinate maps.     

Coupled vortex equations and moduli: deformation theoretic approach and Kähler geometry

We investigate differential geometric aspects of moduli spaces parametrizing solutions of coupled vortex equations over a compact Kähler manifold X. These solutions are known to be related to polystable triples via a Kobayashi–Hitchin type correspondence. Using a characterization of infinitesimal deformations in terms of the cohomology of a certain elliptic double complex, we construct a Hermitian structure on these moduli spaces. This Hermitian structure is proved to be Kähler. The proof involves establishing a fiber integral formula for the Hermitian form. We compute the curvature tensor of this Kähler form. When X is a Riemann surface, the holomorphic bisectional curvature turns out to be semi-positive. It is shown that in the case where X is a smooth complex projective variety, the Kähler form is the Chern form of a Quillen metric on a certain determinant line bundle.     

Anneaux extrémaux dans les surfaces de Riemann

Let X be a closed hyperbolic surface, and let c be a disjoint union of simple closed geodesics on X. A sharp upper bound for the injectivity radius of c is given in terms of the total length of c and of the Euler-Poincaré characteristic of X.

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Résumé Soit X une surface hyperbolique fermée et soit c une réunion disjointe de géodésiques fermées simples de X. Nous établissons une majoration optimale du rayon d’injectivité de c en fonction de sa longueur totale et de la caractéristique d’Euler-Poincaré de X.

     

Geometric tools to determine the hyperbolicity of limit cycles

In this paper we present a new method to study limit cycles' hyperbolicity. The main tool is the function ν=([V,W]∧V)/(V∧W), where V is the vector field under investigation and W a transversal one. Our approach gives a high degree of freedom for choosing operators to study the stability. It is related to the divergence test, but provides more information on the system's dynamics. We extend some previous results on hyperbolicity and apply our results to get limit cycles' uniqueness. Liénard systems and conservative + dissipative systems are considered among the applications.     

Prescribing Curvature Problems on the Bakry-Emery Ricci Tensor of a Compact Manifold with Boundary

t The authors consider the problem of conformally deforming a metric such that the k-curvature defined by an elementary symmetric function of the eigenvalues of the Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor on a compact manifold with boundary to a prescribed function. A consequence of our main result is that there exists a complete metric such that the Monge-Amp~re type equation with respect to its Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor is solvable, provided that the initial Bakry-Emery Ricci tensor belongs to a negative convex cone.