An introduction to complex functions on products of two time scales

In this paper, we study the concept of analyticity for complex-valued functions of a complex time scale variable, derive a time scale counterpart of the classical Cauchy–Riemann equations, introduce complex line delta and nabla integrals along time scales curves, and obtain a time scale version of the classical Cauchy integral theorem.     

COMPLEXITY,MULTIRESOLUTION, NON-STATIONARITY AND ENTROPIC SCALING: TEEN BIRTH THERMODYNAMICS

This paper presents a statistical methodology for analyzing a complex phenomenon in which deterministic and scaling components are superimposed. Our approach is based on the wavelet multiresolution analysis combined with the scaling analysis of the entropy of a time series. The wavelet multiresolution analysis decomposes the signal in a scale-by-scale manner. The scale-by-scale decomposition generates smooth and detail curves that are evaluated and studied. A wavelet-based smoothing filtering is used to estimate the daily birth rate and conception rate during the year. The scaling analysis is based on the Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA). The joint use of the DEA and the wavelet multiresolution analysis allows: 1) the separation of the deterministic and, therefore, non-scaling component from the scaling component of the signal; 2) the determination of the stochastic information characterizing the teen birth phenomenon at each time scale. The daily data cover the number of births phenomenon at each time scale. The daily data cover the number of births to teens in Texas during the period 1964-1999.     

Existence of positive solutions to time scale equations using time scale inequalities ∗

Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem and time scale inequalities are used to establish the existence of positive solutions to some time scale equations     

Unification of calculus on Time Scales with mathematica

In 1990 Hilger defined the Time Scale Calculus which is the unification of discrete and continuous analysis in his PhD. In 2005 Yantir and Ufuktepe showed delta derivative with Mathematica[5]. In this study we give many computations of Time Scale Calculus with Mathematica such as the numerical and symbolic computation of forward jump operator and delta derivative for a particular time scale, graphs of functions, and definite integral on a time scale. We also improve and extent the Time Scale package for symbolics computations.     

Applications of time scale symplectic systems without normality

Recently, the authors obtained new characterizations of the positivity and nonnegativity of a time scale quadratic functional F with separable endpoints related to a time scale symplectic system (S). In these results, the assumption of normality is absent. In this paper we present applications of such results. Namely, without assuming normality we derive Sturmian comparison theorems, results for general jointly varying endpoints, and characterizations of the positivity of F via the corresponding time scale Riccati equation, a certain perturbed quadratic functional, and a time scale Riccati inequality. These results generalize and unify many recent as well as classical ones.     

The logarithm on time scales

We briefly present the well-studied exponential function on a time scale and pose the problem of finding an appropriate logarithm function on a time scale.     

Time inhomogeneous Stochastic Differential Equations involving the local time of the unknown process,and associated parabolic operators

In this paper we study time inhomogeneous versions of one-dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) involving the Local Time of the unknown process on curves. After proving existence and uniqueness for these SDEs under mild assumptions, we explore their link with Parabolic Differential Equations (PDE) with transmission conditions. We study the regularity of solutions of such PDEs and ensure the validity of a Feynman–Kac representation formula. These results are then used to characterize the solutions of these SDEs as time inhomogeneous Markov Feller processes.     

Upper semicontinuous dependence of pullback attractors on time scales

Dynamical equations on time scales typically generate a nonautonomous process, even when the vector field function does not depend explicitly on time. Nonautonomous pullback attractors are thus the appropriate generalisation of autonomous attractors to time scale dynamics. The existence of a pullback attractor follows when the process has a pullback absorbing set. Assuming that a dynamical equation over a given time scale which has no rapidly increasing gaps satisfies a certain dissipativity condition, and thus possesses a pullback attractor, and that its solutions depend uniformly on initial data including the time scale, it is shown that the same dynamical equation over nearby time scales also has a pullback attractor, whose component sets converge upper semicontinuously to the corresponding component sets of the pullback attractor of the original system.     

Generalization of analytic functions

The concept of analyticity for complex functions on time scale complex plane was introduced by Bohner and Guseinov in 2005. They developed completely delta differentiability, delta analytic functions on products of two time scales, and Cauchy-Riemann equations for delta case.In this research paper we study on continuous, discrete and semi-discrete analytic functions and developed completely nabla differentiability, nabla analytic functions on products of two time scales, and Cauchy-Riemann equations for nabla case.     

OSCILLATION FOR NONAUTONOMOUS NEUTRAL DYNAMIC DELAY EQUATIONS ON TIME SCALES

The article is concerned with oscillation of nonautonomous neutral dynamic delay equations on time scales. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of bounded positive solutions and for oscillation of all solutions of this equation. Some results extend known results for difference equations when the time scale is the set Z of positive integers and for differential equations when the time scale is the set R of real numbers.     

Directional <Emphasis Type="Italic">∇</Emphasis>-derivative and Curves on <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-dimensional Time Scales

The general ideal in this paper is to study a differential calculus for multivariable functions, directional ∇-derivative and curves of parametric equations on n-dimensional time scales.      

时标动力方程的稳定性分析

近来，一种称之为时标动力系统的新理论得到了蓬勃的发展. 该文给出并建立了时标动力系统的各种稳定性概念和Lyapunov稳定性准则(稳定, 一致稳定, 渐近稳定, 指数渐近稳定等等).     

Picone type identities and definiteness of quadratic functionals on time scales

In this paper we derive a new sufficient condition for the nonnegativity of time scale quadratic functionals associated to time scale symplectic systems. To establish this result, a new global Picone formula is derived. Another proof of a special case of the result is shown to be obtained via a Sturmian comparison technique. Furthermore, we derive several new Picone type identities which, in particular, do not impose a certain delta-differentiability assumption, and we survey known ones from the literature. The results in this paper complete our earlier work on the definiteness of a time scale quadratic functional in terms of its corresponding time scale symplectic system.     

Henstock-Kurzweil delta and nabla integrals

We will study the Henstock-Kurzweil delta and nabla integrals, which generalize the Henstock-Kurzweil integral. Many properties of these integrals will be obtained. These results will enable time scale researchers to study more general dynamic equations. The Henstock-Kurzweil delta (nabla) integral contains the Riemann delta (nabla) and Lebesque delta (nabla) integrals as special cases.     

Periodicity of scalar dynamic equations and applications to population models

Easily verifiable sufficient criteria are established for the existence of periodic solutions of a class of nonautonomous scalar dynamic equations on time scales, which incorporate as special cases many single species models governed by ordinary differential and difference equations when the time scale is the set of all real and all integer numbers, respectively.     

Brownian Motion Indexed by a Time Scale

In this article, we generalize Wiener's existence result for one-dimensional Brownian motion by constructing a suitable continuous stochastic process where the index set is a time scale. We construct a countable dense subset of a time scale and use it to prove a generalized version of the Kolmogorov–?entsov theorem. As a corollary, we obtain a local Hölder-continuity result for the sample paths of generalized Brownian motion indexed by a time scale.     

First and second order linear dynamic equations on time scales

We consider first and second order linear dynamic equations on a time scale. Such equations contain as special cases differential equations, difference equationsq— difference equations, and others. Important properties of the exponential function for a time scale are presented, and we use them to derive solutions of first and second order linear dyamic equations with constant coefficients. Wronskians are used to study equations with non—constant coefficients. We consider the reduction of order method as well as the method of variation of constants for the nonhomogeneous case. Finally, we use the exponential function to present solutions of the Euler—Cauchy dynamic equation on a time scale.     

On stability crossing curves for general systems with two delays

For the general linear scalar time-delay systems of arbitrary order with two delays, this article provides a detailed study on the stability crossing curves consisting of all the delays such that the characteristic quasipolynomial has at least one imaginary zero. The crossing set, consisting of all the frequencies corresponding to all the points in the stability crossing curves, are expressed in terms of simple inequality constraints and can be easily identified from the gain response curves of the coefficient transfer functions of the delay terms. This crossing set forms a finite number of intervals of finite length. The corresponding stability crossing curves form a series of smooth curves except at the points corresponding to multiple zeros and a number of other degenerate cases. These curves may be closed curves, open ended curves, and spiral-like curves oriented horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. The category of curves are determined by which constraints are violated at the two ends of the corresponding intervals of the crossing set. The directions in which the zeros cross the imaginary axis are explicitly expressed. An algorithm may be devised to calculate the maximum delay deviation without changing the number of right half plane zeros of the characteristic quasipolynomial (and preservation of stability as a special case).     

Leader-following consensus for networks with single- and double-integrator dynamics

In the paper, consensus protocols for networks of dynamic agents with single- and double-integrator dynamics are proposed. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for leader-following consensus problem of the presented models. In order to examine the studied cases in a general way the time scale calculus is employed to get the results. The method used in the proofs is based on spectral characterization of stability for time invariant linear systems on time scales. All the results are enriched in illustrative examples and numerical simulations.     

Frequency measures on time scales with applications

The concept of frequency measures of subsets of a time scale is introduced and the relevant properties are discussed. Then, frequent oscillation is defined to strengthen the classical concept of oscillation. Applications are shown by deriving oscillation criteria for first-order dynamic equations on time scales.