含碱性功能基聚合物反应性增容体系的研究

含碱性功能基聚合物反应性增容体系的研究胡静，张邦华，宋谋道，周庆业（南开大学高分子化学研究所，天津，３０００７１）关键词聚合物共混，反应性聚合物，碱性功能基，反应性增容通过共混单体方法制备聚合物“合金”是聚合物高性能化、开发材料新品种的主要方法。对于...     

核-壳粒子增韧聚合物的研究进展

核-壳粒子增韧结合了弹性体增韧和刚性粒子增强的优点，将其用于聚合物共混体系中有可能得到比基体树脂更高韧性更好刚性的复合材料。本文综述了相关核-壳粒子的分类、形态、形成机制，以及它们对聚合物基体的增韧机理，并详细阐述了反应性和非反应性聚合物共混体系中原位形成的核-壳粒子形态演化规律及其对共混物力学性能的影响。     

聚烯烃／极性聚合物界面的分子状态

为了克服高分子共混物界面不易表征的缺点，提出用溶剂选择性溶解方法使界面暴露．结合Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表征手段，研究了官能化聚合物，接枝型共聚物及带有反应性基团的聚合物作为共混物增容剂时在界面区域的分子状态．实验结果表明，作增容剂时，官能化聚合物在界面区内采取最有利的分子构象，充分发挥增容作用；接枝型共聚物主链、侧链向相应本体聚合物内扩散；而带有反应性基团的聚合物与某个本体聚合物发生反应之前存在反应基团在界面富集的过程     

TA-EG-GMA合成超支化碱溶性感光聚合物

通过1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐和乙二醇反应合成超支化聚合物,利用合成聚合物分子外围的羧基与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯反应,在超支化聚合物分子外围引入反应性甲基丙烯酰氧基.研究了树脂组成对感光性和碱溶性的影响.结果表明:调整反应物料配比及反应性甲基丙烯酰氧基含量,可以获得较好的碱溶性和光固化性能.     

反应性聚合物微凝胶的合成及应用

反应性聚合物微凝胶是一种具有反应活性,分子内交联的高分子。它具有优良的加工性能,涂膜的力学性能及耐久性也十分优异,主要应用于制备高档涂料或对涂料进行改性,本文着重介绍了反应性聚合物微凝胶的合成方法及其在涂料改性方面的应用。     

聚合物试剂在有机合成方面的应用

一、概述聚合物试剂是指具有一定性能的、在聚合物骨架上连结有以共价键相结合的功能基组分的一类反应性高分子物质。从1962年 Merri-     

叠氮聚合物的合成

叠氮基团不仅是高含能基团和高反应性基团,而且也可以被转化为其他官能基团。叠氮聚合物可用作高能黏合剂、交联材料以及表面改性材料等,还可以作为合成功能高分子的前体,因此叠氮聚合物的合成研究引起了高分子科学家的广泛关注。到目前为止,叠氮聚合物的合成方法研究取得了新的进展,主要包括: 高分子化学改性法、环醚类叠氮单体阳离子开环聚合法和不饱和叠氮单体自由基聚合法。本文综述了近些年来叠氮聚合物的合成研究方面取得的主要成果和进展,其中包括本课题组的一些研究工作。     

季戊四醇-偏苯三酸酐-环氧氯丙烷合成超支化聚合物

以季戊四醇为“中心核”,与1,2,4-偏苯三甲酸酐和环氧氯丙烷反应合成超支化碱溶性聚酯,利用合成聚合物分子外围的羧基与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯反应,在超支化聚合物分子外围引入反应性甲基丙烯酰氧基.研究了树脂组成对感光性和碱溶性的影响.结果表明:通过调整分子外围的羧基及反应性甲基丙烯酰氧基含量,可以获得较好的碱溶性和光固化性能.     

聚烯烃-极性聚合物嵌段共聚物最新研究进展

聚烯烃-极性聚合物嵌段共聚物(polyolefin-b-polar polymer block copolymer,POBP)包含非极性/非功能化聚烯烃和极性/功能化聚合物嵌段,由于其独特的结构和性能特点,引起了人们的广泛关注。POBP的传统用途是作为聚烯烃和其它材料(如极性聚合物)的增容剂,近年来在诸多新兴的研究领域也取得了一定应用,包括多孔渗透膜、功能性杂化纳米材料、固体聚合物电解质等。POBP的制备方法主要两种:(1)配位聚合向其它聚合方式的聚合机理转变,即首先由配位聚合制备出聚烯烃大分子引发剂,随后引发极性单体聚合得到POBP;(2)聚烯烃反应性功能化端基与极性聚合物反应性端基之间的偶联反应。本文综述了POBP的最新研究进展,重点评述了新颖的合成路径和POBP在制备新型功能材料方面的应用进展。     

聚合物纳米材料研究进展——Ⅰ.纳米聚合物

聚合物纳米材料包括纳米聚合物和聚合物／无机纳米复合材料。本文综述了纳米聚合物的研究进展，重点介绍了分子自组装，微乳液聚合，模板聚合，树枝状聚合物，超支化聚合物，机械粉碎，相反转技术的研究进展。     

聚合物科学进展

本文对2011~2013年我国高分子科学重要研究进展进行了综述。全文分为高分子化学、响应性高分子、高分子物理、高分子组装、超分子聚合物、光电功能聚合物、生物医用高分子、石墨烯/聚合物复合体系、聚合物杂化体系和高分子工程等10部分。近年我国内地学者发表的高分子领域研究论文总量跃居世界第一,论文引用数跃居第二,在诸多分支领域中学科发展水平大幅提高,达到或接近国际水平的研究成果快速增多,国际影响力逐年提高。我国高分子学者通过基础研究,为高分子工业技术水平提升和创新也做出了许多贡献。本文还对本学科前沿、发展趋势进行了介绍与展望。文中共引用了227篇参考文献。     

高分子单链的研究进展

随着纳米科技在高分子领域的不断升温,高分子单链凝聚态的研究引起了人们的广泛重视。高分子单链以纳米尺度的微粒孤立存在,不存在分子链之间的几何缠结。本文综述了近年来国内外高分子单链的研究进展。首先介绍了高分子单链的主要制备方法如喷雾法、冷冻干燥法、微乳液聚合法、反向沉淀法以及表面扩展膜法,接着详细介绍了高分子单链的表征技术及高分子链构象的计算机模拟技术,最后介绍了高分子单链及单分子胶束在制备金属纳米粒子领域的应用,并展望了高分子单链的研究领域和方向。     

Green synthesis of polymer nanofibers and their composites as flame‐retardant materials for polymer nanocomposites

Polyaniline nanofibers and their composites with carbon nanotubes were developed as an effective flame‐retardant material using a facile green method. Polyaniline nanofibers were used as a smart flame‐retardant for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer. The polyaniline nanofibers were dispersed in polymer matrix forming well‐dispersed polymer nanocomposites. Effect of polyaniline nanofiber mass ratio on the polymer nanocomposite properties was studied. Polyaniline nanofiber composites with carbon nanotubes were also dispersed in polymer matrix. The thermal stability and flammability properties of the polymer nanocomposites were investigated. The rate of burning of polymer nanocomposites achieved 82.5% reduction (7.32 mm/min) compared with virgin polymer (42.5 mm/min). The reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release of the polymer nanocomposites containing nanofibers achieved 74 and 34%, respectively. Interestingly, the average mass loss rate was significantly reduced by 58% and the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases were suppressed by 20 and 47%, respectively. The effect of polyaniline nanofibers composites on the flammability of polymer nanocomposites was also studied. Polyaniline nanofibers and their composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The dispersion of polyaniline nanofibers in polymer nanocomposites was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The different polymer nanocomposites were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, UL94 flame chamber, and cone calorimeter tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse porous polymer particles

Monodisperse porous polymer particles in the size range of 10 μm in diameter were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization. Linear polymer (polystyrene seed) or a mixture of linear polymer and solvent or nonsolvent were used as inert diluents. The pore diameters of these porous polymer particles were on the order of 1000 Å with pore volumes up to 0.9 mL/g and specific surface areas up to 200 m²/g. The physical features of the porous polymer particles depended on the diluent type and the crosslinker content, as well as the molecular weight of polymer seed particles. By varying the molecular weight of the linear polymer, monodisperse porous polymer particles with different pore size distribution could be synthesized. Polymer seed with a low degree of crosslinking instead of linear polymer could also be used to prepare monodisperse porous polymer particles with smaller pore volume and pore size.     

端基功能化聚合物的表面性能

综述了端基功能化聚合物表面结构与性能的最新研究进展.聚合物端基功能化是实现聚合物表面改性的一种有效技术.通过端基功能化可以精确控制聚合物表面功能基团的种类和数量,从而影响聚合物表面的化学结构与性能.重点论述了功能化端基在聚合物表面的离析现象和产生这一现象的原因,以及功能化端基对聚合物表面分子运动能力的影响.本文还介绍了近年来用于研究端基功能化聚合物表面的表征新技术,如SFG、NR、SSIMS等.对端基功能化聚合物表面的环境响应性也进行了阐述.指出了利用不同功能化端基可以有效地控制聚合物表面的亲疏水性.并对端基功能化聚合物的应用进行了展望.     

聚合物材料空化效应研究进展

综述了聚合物基材料中的各种空化现象,对橡胶增韧聚合物体系中的空化现象进行了详细讨论.同时讨论了聚合物基材料的形态、结构等因素对空化效应的影响,介绍了各种空化现象的原因及其对材料性能的影响和作用机理.     

聚合物孔材料的合成与应用

近年来,有关聚合物孔材料的合成及应用研究日趋活跃,已成为现代材料学研究领域的一大热点。本文分别对微孔、介孔和大孔聚合物孔材料的主要合成方法,如胶态晶体模板法、Track-eteh膜模板法、悬浮聚合法和超临界快速降压法等方法,以及聚合物孔材料在传感器材料的合成、化学分离等领域的应用进展情况进行了综述。     

Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Novel Magnesium Salt-Polyacrylamide Composite Polymers

Two series of novel inorganic-organic composite polymers have been prepared through physical blending of magnesium chloride and magnesium hydroxide respectively with polyacrylamide aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the magnesium salt-polyacrylamide composite polymers were tuned by varying the ratio between the magnesium salt (e.g., magnesium chloride and magnesium hydroxide) and polyacrylamide. Characterizations of magnesium salt-polyacrylamide composite polymers were carried out via FTIR and TEM. Parameters such as solution conductivity and viscosity were also taken into account to characterize the physicochemical properties of the composite polymer aqueous solutions. Magnesium chloride-polyacrylamide (MCPAM) composite polymer aqueous solutions have a higher conductivity compared to magnesium hydroxide-polyacrylamide (MHPAM) composite polymer aqueous solutions. The viscosities of the MHPAM composite polymer aqueous solutions were found higher than MCPAM composite polymer aqueous solutions. The rheological properties of the composite polymer aqueous solutions were investigated using steady-state flow and oscillatory frequency sweep within the linear viscoelastic region. Shear-thinning effect was observed for both composite polymer systems when the shear rate increases. In oscillatory frequency sweep tests, both composite polymer systems show that the viscoelastic behaviors depend strongly on the magnesium salt concentrations. Viscous behavior was found to be dominant for both composite polymer systems.     

烟碱分子烙印聚合物的吸附特性

利用分子烙印技术，以烟碱为烙印分子，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂，合成了对烟碱具有特异性作用的分子烙印聚合物P(Nic)；通过平衡吸附实验，评价了其对烟碱的亲和力和选择性。与非烙印聚合物相比，P(Nic)对烟碱表现了很高的亲和力；Scatchard分析表明在P(Nic)中存在对烟碱有不同的亲和力的两类作用位点。通过与氨基吡啶类物质在P(Nic)上的吸附行为比较，表明P(Nic)对烟碱具有很好的选择性。本工作证明了用P(Nic)作为固相萃取(SPE)材料选择性地从烟草烟雾中提取烟碱的可能性。     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for monocrotophos and its binding characteristics for organophosphorus pesticides

In this study, molecular imprinting was used to develop a method based on noncovalent interaction for the synthesis of a monocrotophos-specific polymer. The selective binding characteristics of the template polymer were evaluated by 1H NMR study. The result was consistent with the existence of multi-molecular complexes formed by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Batch rebinding studies in acetonitrile were undertaken to quantitatively evaluate the affinity of the polymer for monocrotophos. The experimental binding isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and the total number of binding sites of the polymer can be calculated to be 4.046 micromol g(-1). The induced affinity and selectivity by imprinting were examined chromatographically. The polymer gave more than 15 times longer retention for monocrotophos than the nonimprinted polymer with the same chemical composition. Other organophosphorus pesticides under study were eluted close to the void volume on the polymer column.